Chemistry of wood
Seyed Eshagh Ebadi
Abstract
سابقه و هدف: با عنایت به محدودیت تامین مواد اولیه مورد نیاز صنایع چوب و کاغذ کشور، استفاده از منابع لیگنوسلولزی مانند باگاس، نی، بامبو، لینتر پنبه، پنبه، چوب پسماند هرس ...
Read More
سابقه و هدف: با عنایت به محدودیت تامین مواد اولیه مورد نیاز صنایع چوب و کاغذ کشور، استفاده از منابع لیگنوسلولزی مانند باگاس، نی، بامبو، لینتر پنبه، پنبه، چوب پسماند هرس کیوی، پسماند کلزا و غیره در صنایع فیبری ایران از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. در این میان بامبو و نی بعنوان یکی از منابع تجدید شونده را نباید از نظر دور داشت، به طوری که ساقه و پسماندهای آن می تواند تامین کننده بخشی از مواد لیگنوسلولزی غیر چوبی صنایع ایران باشد. این تحقیق با هدف شناسایی عناصر معدنی و اجزای شیمیایی مواد آلی موجود در ساقه نی و بامبو انجام شد. مواد و روشها: تعداد سی ساقه نی و بامبو از منطقه غرب مازندران انتخاب و قطع گردید. در مرحله اول آرد ساقه نی و بامبو و درصد خاکستر آن-ها طبق آزمونهای استاندارد TAPPI تهیه شد. با کمک اسید نیتریک 63 درصد و دستگاه جذب اتمی، نوع و درصد عناصر معدنی آنها تعیین گردید. سپس درصد مواد استخراجی نمونه های آزمونی اندازهگیری شد. مواد استخراجی توسط حلال استن از آرد چوب جداسازی و باقیمانده مواد استخراجی به داخل یک ویال شیشه ای منتقل و به آن واکنش گر BSTFA اضافه گردید. نمونه ها به مدت 1 ساعت در حمام بن ماری و دمای 70 درجه سانتیگراد قرار گرفته و برای آنالیز به دستگاه GC-MSتزریق شدند. شناسایی ترکیبات با توجه به دیاگرام زمان بازداری، محاسبه ضریب کواتز و جدول آدامز انجام شد.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که مقدار جذب یونهای روی، مس و منیزیم در ساقه بامبو بیشتر ازمقادیر آنها در ساقه نی میباشد. همچنین مقدار جذب یونهای آهن، سرب، پتاسیم و منگنز در ساقه نی بیشتر از ساقه بامبو است. نتایج GC-MS نشان داد که در ساقه نی 96 ترکیب وجود دارد، که 2- فنیل-N- متیل آنیلین (99/25 %)، بنز آلدئید (70/20 %)، 1و2- بنزن دی کربوکسیلیک اسید (48/11 %) و زایلان (16/1 %) به عنوان مهمترین ترکیبات هستند. در ساقه بامبو 104 ترکیب شناسایی شد که بنز آلدئید (43/46%)، آهن، مونوکربونیل (94/1 %)، بی بنزیل (58/1 %) و وانیلین (09/0%) دارای بیشترین مقادیر و مهمترین ترکیبات می باشند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که میزان جذب یون منیزیم در ساقه نی بعنوان بیشترین و میزان جذب یون سرب در بامبو بعنوان کمترین عناصر شناسایی شده بودند. بررسی کروماتوگرامها هم نشان داد که 9 ترکیب زایلان، بنز آلدئید، بنزیل کلراید، بنزن متانل، دودکان، تترادکان، بی بنزیل، اوکتادکان و 1و2- بنزن دی کربوکسیلیک اسید بصورت مشترک در ساقه نی و بامبو وجود دارند. همچنین ترکیبات وانیلین و آهن، مونوکربونیل در ساقه بامبو و ترکیبات بیس (2-اتیل هگزیل) فتالات و جیبرلین A3 در ساقه نی بسیار مهم و حائز اهمیت میباشد. در این میان، بنزآلدئید جیبرلین A3 در ساقه نی بسیار مهم و حائز اهمیت میباشد. در این میان، بنزآلدئید بعنوان یکی از مهمترین و بیشترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در ساقه بامبو و نی میباشد. این ترکیبات می توانند در مصارف ساقه نی و بامبو نقش موثری داشته باشند.بعنوان یکی از مهمترین و بیشترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در ساقه بامبو و نی میباشد. این ترکیبات می توانند در مصارف ساقه نی و بامبو نقش موثری داشته باشند.
Ramin Vaysi; Seyed Eshagh Ebadi; Sayed Sajad Ashrafi
Abstract
Sycamore tree (Platanus orientalis) is one of the species that planted in parks and urban green spaces and forests region of Tehran and other cities in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the phenolic chemical components in wood and bark of planted sycamore tree. In this study, ...
Read More
Sycamore tree (Platanus orientalis) is one of the species that planted in parks and urban green spaces and forests region of Tehran and other cities in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the phenolic chemical components in wood and bark of planted sycamore tree. In this study, three trees were randomly selected and felled in planted forest region of Tehran. Three disks were prepared from each tree and according to TAPPI standard tests, first wood flour and then the extractive (%) were separated from wood flour using acetone solvent. To identify of extractives, about 1mg extractives was mixed with 30 microliters BSTFA and the samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometry (MS) with a detector. Samples were then injected into the injection section of GC/MS using a Hamilton syringe. The compounds identification was performed using GC diagrams, abundance and retention time of each compound, calculation of quartz index and Adams table. The results showed that the average of extractives in wood and bark of the planted oriental plane tree were 3.6 and 16.6 percent, respectively. GC-MS results showed that 17 specification compounds were found in the plane wood. Furthermore, Hexadecanoic acid (22.18%), Heptadecan-8-carbonic acid (15.24%), and 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (12.08%) were the most important compounds. The 41 compounds were identified in the plane bark that 9-Octadecanoic acid (19.88%), n-Hexandecanoic acid (16.41%), 9, 12-Octadecanoic acid (9.66%) and Gamma-Sitosterol (2.09%) were the most important compounds. In addition, the results showed that 9-Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecane, Dodecan, Tetradecan, Eicosan, Octadecane, and Decane were the 6 common compounds in the wood and bark of sycamore tree, as well
Seyed Eshagh Ebadi
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and compare the chemical components of organic matter in the leaves of the planted elder pine (Pinus eldarica) and sycamore (Platanus orientalis) tree using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In this study, 20 samples from leaves of eldar pine and sycamore ...
Read More
This study aimed to identify and compare the chemical components of organic matter in the leaves of the planted elder pine (Pinus eldarica) and sycamore (Platanus orientalis) tree using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In this study, 20 samples from leaves of eldar pine and sycamore trees were randomly selected from the planted forest area of Tehran city. To prepare a homogenous sample (leaf flour), the leaves were thoroughly mixed and then the extractive was measured according to TAPPI standards. The results showed that the average of extractives in the leaves of the planted Elder pine and sycamore tree were 16.2 and 14.4%, respectively. In addition, the leaf flour was extracted with acetone. The remaining extractives were then added to the BSTFA reactor. Then, the samples were placed in heated Bath (70oC, 1h.), and were finally analyzed by GC/MS. The GC diagram (indicates the abundance and retention time of each compound) and calculation of quartz index, and Adams table were used to identify the compounds. The result showed that there were 20 compounds in the leaves of the plane tree that n-Hexadecanoic acid (24.28%), Heptadecan-8-carbonic acid(18.05%), Octadecanoic acid (14.1%), and E Vitamin (2.81%) were the most important compounds. 45 compounds were identified in the leaves of the planted elder pine tree in which 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol (11.49%), 4-Methylmannose (10.68%), Mome Inositol(9.65%), and Phytol (0.64) were the most important compounds. Additionally, 5 combinations of Decan, Dodecan, Neophytadiene, and Octadecanoic acid were common between the leaves of planted elder pine and plane tree.
Eysa Rezazadeh; Ramin Vaysi; Mogtaba Soltani; Abdollah Najafi; S. ESHAGH EBADI
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of polyalumium chloride and nano-chitosan on optical and mechanical properties of chemi-mechanical pulp. For this purpose, some of the bleached CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) were randomly selected as a control sample. In addition, ...
Read More
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of polyalumium chloride and nano-chitosan on optical and mechanical properties of chemi-mechanical pulp. For this purpose, some of the bleached CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) were randomly selected as a control sample. In addition, the polyalumium chloride were used as a white powder at 4 levels of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%. The nano-chitosan was then added to the CMP pulps suspensions at 3 levels of 0, 1, and 2%, as well. Hand-sheets with a basis weight of 60 gr/m2 were prepared from the mentioned pulps. The optical and mechanical properties were then measured and compared using TAPPI standard test methods. The results showed that by adding polyalumium chloride and nano- chitosan(separate) to the CMP pulps, brightness, opacity, greenness,tear, tensile, burst strengths, air resistance increased , but Cobb 60 and a* factor decreased. On the other hand, with the addition of nano-chitosan and polyalumium chloride to CMP pulp, the brightness and greenness increased, but tensile, burst, tear strengths, air resistance, Cobb 60 and opacity low decreased and then suitable increased. Moreover, the findings showed that by simultaneous adding 1% polyalumium chloride and 2% nano-chitosan(separate) and 2% nano-chitosan with 1.5% polyalumium chloride to the CMP pulp, most of the paper properties were improved. Therefore, it can also be introduced as the best treatment.
