Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Ali Nourbakhsh; فرداد Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Background and objectives: The possibility of using agricultural lignocellulosic waste as a complementary raw material for the production of wood composite products can have a good economic justification. This will be possible if the manufactured product has the desired and standard quality, however, ...
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Background and objectives: The possibility of using agricultural lignocellulosic waste as a complementary raw material for the production of wood composite products can have a good economic justification. This will be possible if the manufactured product has the desired and standard quality, however, considering that the type of wood material can have a determining effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the final product, therefore, conducting laboratory and research studies in order to recommend A raw material is essential for consumption in industry. The use of agricultural lignocellulosic waste in wood composite products industries has been the subject of various research activities in different parts of the world in recent years. In this research, in order to improve the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic, nanoclay particles have been used as reinforcements and corncob wastes have been used with poplar wood.Methodology: The amount of polypropylene and combination of materials were 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels 0, 2 and 4 wt% and the amount of coupling agent was fixed and set to 2 wt% for all treatments. The control samples were made using poly propylene material. Results: The results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths were increased by the addition 25 corncob and 75 poplar wt% particles. For tensile and flexural modulus, adding 2 wt% of nano-clay led to an increase in strength and modulus but there was a decrease when 4 wt% nano-clay was used. The impact strength increased by adding nano-clayConclusion: According to the mechanical and physical properties of all the treatments, the samples which were made of 25 corncob and 75 poplar wt% particle with 2 wt% of Nano-clay had better results compared to other samples.
Alireza Asgari; Amirhooman Hemmasi; Behzad Baziyar; Mohammad Talaeipour; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The mechanical (tensile strength and modulus, bending strength and modulus), humidity (water absorption and thickness swelling) and biodegradability properties of wood-plastics produced from polypropylene and poplar wood-flour (wood flour in three levels of 0, 20 and 25 percentage) in the presence of ...
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The mechanical (tensile strength and modulus, bending strength and modulus), humidity (water absorption and thickness swelling) and biodegradability properties of wood-plastics produced from polypropylene and poplar wood-flour (wood flour in three levels of 0, 20 and 25 percentage) in the presence of starch powder (at four levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 percentage) are assessed as a bio strength agent. The material mixing process is run in two stages of applying an extruder machine and applying an internal mixer haake machine. The mechanical and humidity tests specimens are produced by mold injection method and the biodegradability test specimens are formed by hot press method. The tests are run according to standards and procedures. The results indicate that an increase in weight percentage of wood-flour in the composition, increase the mechanical strength, water absorption, thickness swelling and biodegradability of composites. An increase in weight percentage of starch powder in the composition, increase the bending strength and modulus, tensile modulus, water absorption, thickness swelling and biodegradability of composites, while decreasing the tensile strength. Additional studies run through the scanning electron microscopy indicate that by adding wood-flour and starch powder to the composition, the intensity of biodegradation increase at the surface of the specimens. By adding starch powder to the composition, the starch powder particles fill the cavities in the composite structure, thus a reduction in the volume of the pores in the composite structure.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani; Saman Ghahri; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, the resistance properties of nanocomposite plastic wood produced using 5 levels of cellulosic wastes (bagasse, corn stalk, rice stalk, sunflower stem and canola stem), three levels of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano silica, nanoclay) ) And urban polymer wastes (PP polypropylene and ...
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In this study, the resistance properties of nanocomposite plastic wood produced using 5 levels of cellulosic wastes (bagasse, corn stalk, rice stalk, sunflower stem and canola stem), three levels of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano silica, nanoclay) ) And urban polymer wastes (PP polypropylene and HDPE heavy polyethylene, etc.) were investigated. In order to chemically bind the wood / polymer fiber composites, chemicals and reinforcers (pairing agents) have been used due to the hydrophilic properties of cellulose fibers and plastic drainage. Extruders and hot presses were used to study the mechanical properties and bonding of composites. The results showed that the use of HDPE heavy polymer wastes increased tensile strength, flexural modulus and impact resistance to polypropylene wastes. Regarding the use of agricultural wastes and wastes in the construction of wood-plastic composites, in general, the results have shown that the addition of agricultural waste wastes in several types of plastic wood has significantly improved the bending and tensile properties. Among them, the bagasse stem has a significant advantage over other lignosullose materials. The use of polymer waste and agricultural waste using nano-silica has shown the best results of resistances. In general, the results have shown that the use of agricultural fiber wastes as reinforcers in plastic wood polymers have the expected mechanical properties.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Ali Fatolahzadeh
Abstract
Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should ...
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Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should be investigated. The boards made for this study contained Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at 0: 100, 75: 25, 50: 50 and 25: 75 ratios as raw material. Samples of all the boards made were tested by the methods described in DIN 68763 standard, to obtain mean values of bending strength, internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling.The results of this study showed that there are no significant statistical differences among each combination for MOR and MOE but with increasing the percentage of wheat straw the MOR of boards was found to increase. There were statistical differences among each combination of IB wheat straw had the lowest IB, where as the highest IB were observed on the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp.In addition, samples of each type of board were tested for thickness swelling (T.S) after immersion in water for 2 and 24 hours respectively, and the results indicate that there were statistical differences among each combinations and the lowest thickness swelling value was belong to the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp. which had the highest IB. It was also observed that the board made of Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at with 25: 75 ratio had the highest T.S immersion in water after 2 and 24 hours.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
In this research was to use the effects micro cellulose, and Multi walled Carbon Nanotube on the mechanical properties of wood plastics composites. This article presents the application of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics. ...
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In this research was to use the effects micro cellulose, and Multi walled Carbon Nanotube on the mechanical properties of wood plastics composites. This article presents the application of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics. The effects of loading micro cellulose and Multi walled Carbon Nanotube content on the mechanical properties were also studied. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composites made with 50 micron cellulose and 1.5 and 2.5 % of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube were significantly superior to those of the lower length (20 micron) and control samples. Addition of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube could enhance the mechanical properties of the blends, due to the improvement of interface bond between the filler and matrix of wood plastics composites. The significant improvements in mechanical properties of the blends composites made with Multi walled Carbon Nanotube and micro cellulose were further supported by SEM and TEM micrographs.
Composite wood products
Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In this study, the reinforcing effect of recycled newsprint paper (RNP) in cement boards has been investigated. The experiment was designed to apply two variable factors, RNP and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Cement-fiber boards with the density of 0.7 kg/m3 were manufactured using fiber/cement ratios of ...
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In this study, the reinforcing effect of recycled newsprint paper (RNP) in cement boards has been investigated. The experiment was designed to apply two variable factors, RNP and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Cement-fiber boards with the density of 0.7 kg/m3 were manufactured using fiber/cement ratios of 10:90, 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75 (w/w) and 3% and 5% CaCl2 as accelerator. Minimum four boards (replications) were fabricated for each combination of variables, and the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were evaluated. The statistical analysis showed that the effect of the RNP and CaCl2 contents on modulus of rupture of cement fiber boards were significant at 1% significant level. The results showed that addition of CaCl2 enhanced the mechanical properties of the boards. All properties of the boards were improved as the CaCl2 content was increased from 3% to 5%. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards decreased with addition of RNP, and the maximum values were obtained at RNP loading of 10%. The results also showed that as the fiber content was increased, significant increase in water absorption and thickness swelling occurred. Increasing RNP fiber content from 10% to 25% reduced both the mechanical and physical properties considerably. The optimum condition was obtained when the RNP and CaCl2 contents were 10% and 5%, respectively.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The aim of this study has been utilization of recycled polyethylene in modification of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Therefore, three levels of resin consumption content ( 10, 7 and 4% ) and three levels of recycled polyethylene consumption content 5, 10 and 15% in surface layer ...
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The aim of this study has been utilization of recycled polyethylene in modification of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Therefore, three levels of resin consumption content ( 10, 7 and 4% ) and three levels of recycled polyethylene consumption content 5, 10 and 15% in surface layer of mat, particleboards produced. Also in order to influence of these variables on physical and mechanical properties of produced boards, 3 particleboards with 10% resin content in surface layer and without polyethylene as control samples produced. The physical and mechanical properties of boards measured and analyzed. The results of this study indicated that with increasing of the recycled polyethylene consumption content, the MOR, MOE and thickness swelling of boards improved significantly and the produced boards with 15% recycled polyethylene in compare with control boards increased 59 and 53% respectively. Also the results revealed that the water absorption of boards decreased with increasing of increasing of recycled polyethylene consumption content, and the minimum of water absorption of boards observed in the produced boards with 15% recycled polyethylene. Based on the results of this research and with increasing of polymeric residues in the envirement , we conclude that the utilization of recycled polyethylene in particleboard production has different advantages.
Composite wood products
Hossein Rangavar; Amir Nourbakhsh; Saeid Haji hatmlo
Abstract
The effects of nano-wollastonite on physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites made with dried sunflower stalks and alder wood flour, were studied. Five levels of sunflower stalk flour in ratio of the mass wood dry flour containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent and nano-wollastonite ...
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The effects of nano-wollastonite on physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites made with dried sunflower stalks and alder wood flour, were studied. Five levels of sunflower stalk flour in ratio of the mass wood dry flour containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent and nano-wollastonite Powder in three levels, 3, and 5% were considered as variables of the study. Physical and mechanical properties, perpendicular to the screw strength, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 soaking hours in water were measured in accordance with the standard DIN- EN. In order to examine the intersection of wood and polymer as well as distribution patterns of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix microscopic photos were taken. The results showed that by increasing of sunflower stalk flour in the mixing with wood flour up to 25% increased resistance to screw withdrawal and up to 50 percent increase in flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of wood-plastic composites, respectively. Sunflower stalk flour mixed with alder wood flour increased water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water. The use of nano-wollastonite up 5% in relation to the total mass of all the boards improved the physical and mechanical properties of wood-polymer composite.
Composite wood products
Saeid Esmaeiliymoghadam; Amir Nourbakhsh; seyed mojtaba Seyedzadeh Otaghsaraei
Abstract
This study with aim of evaluation the Nano-silica and wood flour calcareous-treated and evaluation of properties of the wood plastic Nano composite obtained from it performed. For this purpose beginning, wood flour was treated by calcium hydroxide and then with weight ratio of 60 to 40 by Polypropylene ...
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This study with aim of evaluation the Nano-silica and wood flour calcareous-treated and evaluation of properties of the wood plastic Nano composite obtained from it performed. For this purpose beginning, wood flour was treated by calcium hydroxide and then with weight ratio of 60 to 40 by Polypropylene with 4 per hundred compound (phc) MAPP compatibilizer in extruder machine were mixed. Beside, Nano silica with weight ratio of 0, 1, 3 and 5 phc was used. Wood plastic Nano composites were fabricated by injection molding technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used from wood flour changes after chemical treatment and for morphological study of Nano composites from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used. Mechanical testes include bending (ASTM D790) and tensile (ASTM D638) and physical testes include water absorption and thickness swelling (ASTM D7031-11) on the samples was done. Results showed that by calcium hydroxide treatment, bending and tensile resistance were decreased but bending and tensile modulus were increased. Also with increasing the Nano silica up to specific range, the mechanical properties were improvement. Increase of Nano silica in untreated samples caused increasing of water absorption and in treated samples caused decreasing of water absorption. With increasing of Nano silica, thickness swelling in the samples was decrease. The results of infrared spectroscopy showed that after lime treatment No change has occurred in the absorption band related to the hydroxyl groups. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the needle-shaped crystals of calcium hydroxide formed calcium silicate crystals after addition the Nano silica too. As well as results of X-ray diffraction, confirmed calcium silicate crystals.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of the present study was the utilization of cotton stalk residues for medium density fiberboard production. MDF was produced applying Three press temperatures (170, 180, and 190 oC ) and three pressing times (3,4 and 5 minutes) were used to produce medium density fiberboard (MDF) ...
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AbstractThe objective of the present study was the utilization of cotton stalk residues for medium density fiberboard production. MDF was produced applying Three press temperatures (170, 180, and 190 oC ) and three pressing times (3,4 and 5 minutes) were used to produce medium density fiberboard (MDF) from cotton stalks fibers. The properties of the laboratory boards were measured and the results are analyzed applying factorial experiment and randomized design. In case, the statistical difference was observed between the averages, then Duncan Multiple Range Test was used for grouping the averages. The results showed that as either press temperature or press time is increased, the modulus of rupture of the of the boards was significantly improved and the highest value was reached when 190 oC press temperature and 5 minutes press time was applied. The internal bonding of the boards was significantly higher when 180 oC press temperature was applied. The effect of press temperature on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was statistically significant and the lowest values were obtained when 190 oC press temperature was used. The results of this study indicated that the cotton stalks can be considered as a potential raw material for medium density fiberboard production and the properties of the boards meets the EN requirements.
Composite wood products
mowhammad madadi; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
AbstractIn this research, utilization of ZnO nanoparticles and eggshell powder on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour composite were investigated. For this purpose, wood flour and polypropylene was mixed at 60 to 40% by weight. Eggshell powder at three levels (0, 5 and 10) ...
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AbstractIn this research, utilization of ZnO nanoparticles and eggshell powder on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour composite were investigated. For this purpose, wood flour and polypropylene was mixed at 60 to 40% by weight. Eggshell powder at three levels (0, 5 and 10) percent and nano ZnO at four levels (0, 1.5, 3 and 5) percent were considered as variable factors. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water, flexural strength were measured in accordance with DIN-EN 310-2006 standard, and tensile strength were measured in accordance with ASTM D1037 standard. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to interpret the results. The results were statistically analyzed using factorial experimental under completely randomized block design and the averages were compared using DMRT. Results showed that increasing the mixing ratio of eggshell powder to wood flour decrease mechanical strengths but were improved in water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hrs. Using 1.5% nano zno increased the strength properties to the maximum values and improved physical properties.
Composite wood products
Amir Norbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this research the impact of micro cellulose particles length, and coupling agent (MAPP) on the mechanical and thermal properties of Nano/ wood plastics composites were investigated. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composites made with 50 micron micro cellulose particles and 5 ...
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In this research the impact of micro cellulose particles length, and coupling agent (MAPP) on the mechanical and thermal properties of Nano/ wood plastics composites were investigated. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composites made with 50 micron micro cellulose particles and 5 % of MAPP were significantly different to those of the lower length (20 micron) and 2.5% of MAPP. Addition of MAPP enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends, due to the improvement of interface bond between the filler and matrix of Nano/ wood plastics composites. The significant improvements in mechanical properties of the blended composites made with MAPP and NC were further supported by SEM and TEM micrographs. Nano/ clay particles distribution and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the addition of 5% MAPP and the longer micro cellulose particles remarkably increased the thermal stability of the blends compared to other treatments of Nano/ wood plastics composites.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Ali Kazemi tabrizi; Amir Nourbakhsh; Javad Sepidehdam
Abstract
In this study, the effect of fish waste powder, base material polyethylene , and also the quantity of coupling agent (MAPE) on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite were studied. For this purpose, wood powder at 40% was mixed with 60% of HDPE. Fish waste in three levels (5, 10 ...
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In this study, the effect of fish waste powder, base material polyethylene , and also the quantity of coupling agent (MAPE) on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite were studied. For this purpose, wood powder at 40% was mixed with 60% of HDPE. Fish waste in three levels (5, 10 and 15%) mixed into wood powder and coupling agent on three levels (0, 2 and 4) of HDPE in a blender at 180 °C and a speed rotating of 50 rpm, and samples were made with using of injection molding for standard tests. The mechanical properties: tensile and bending strength, bending and tensile modulus were investigated according of ASTM standards. This result suggests that increasing the amount of fish powder waste to 10%, increased bending strength while other strengths diminished. The amounts of all strengths were increased by increasing in percentage of coupling agent to 4%.The results shows that fish waste was suitable as a new material for wood plastics composites.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
This article presents the application of agricultural residues fibers (i.e., corn stalk, reed stalk, and oilseed stalk) in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of fiber loading and CaCO3 content on the mechanical ...
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This article presents the application of agricultural residues fibers (i.e., corn stalk, reed stalk, and oilseed stalk) in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of fiber loading and CaCO3 content on the mechanical properties were also studied.Overall trend shows that with addition of agricultural residues fibers, tensile and flexural properties of the composites are significantly enhanced. Oilseed fibers showed superior mechanical properties due to their high aspect ratio and chemical characteristics. The order of increment in the mechanical properties of the composites is oilseed stalk > corn stalk > reed stalk at all fiber loadings. The tensile and Impact properties of the composite significantly decreased with increasing CaCO3 content but flexural modulus increased, due to the reduction of interface bond between the fiber and matrix. It can be concluded from this study that the used agro-waste materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their mechanical properties.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to produce natural fiber –plastic composite using soy straw powder as reinforcing component and to investigate the effect of nano-clay particles addition on the mechanical properties of the composite. Two levels of soy straw powder (35 and 45%) based on ...
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Abstract The objective of this study was to produce natural fiber –plastic composite using soy straw powder as reinforcing component and to investigate the effect of nano-clay particles addition on the mechanical properties of the composite. Two levels of soy straw powder (35 and 45%) based on the weight of the composite, three levels of nano-clay (0,3 and 6%) based on the weight of the polypropylene as the matrix was used. Five percent Maleic Anhydride Ploy Propylene (MAPP) was added as the coupling agent. Composites compound was made and then
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to study the potential of bagasse fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of three grades (Eastman G-3003, G-3015 and G-3216) of coupling agents on the mechanical properties were also studied. In the sample preparation, ...
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The main objective of this research was to study the potential of bagasse fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of three grades (Eastman G-3003, G-3015 and G-3216) of coupling agents on the mechanical properties were also studied. In the sample preparation, one level of fiber loading (40 wt.%) and three levels of coupling agent content (0, 2 and 4 wt.%) were used. For overall trend, with addition of three grades of the coupling agents, tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composites significantly improved, as compared with untreated samples. In addition, morphological study (SEM) revealed that the positive effect of coupling agent on interfacial bonding. The composites treated with G-3216 gave better results in comparison with G-3003 and G-3015 in which, There are some voids where the fibers have been pulled-out. The presence of these voids means that the interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix polymer is weak. This could be caused by the high melt viscosity of G-3216 Coupling agent.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Reza Jazayeri; ّFardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The objective of the present study was the utilization of rose flower residues for the production of medium density fiberboard. MDF was produced applying two moisture gradients of 0 and 4% between surface and core layer, two press temperatures of 175 and 185 °C and three pressing times ...
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The objective of the present study was the utilization of rose flower residues for the production of medium density fiberboard. MDF was produced applying two moisture gradients of 0 and 4% between surface and core layer, two press temperatures of 175 and 185 °C and three pressing times of 3,4 and 5 minutes. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and complete randomized design. In case statistical difference was observed between the averages, then Duncn multiple range test was used for grouping of the averages. The results revealed that the moisture gradient statistically influenced the flexural strength and internal bonding of the boards. In both moisture gradients, the internal bond of the boards increased and the maximum was reached when 5 minutes pressing time was applied. The pressing time also statistically influenced the thickness swelling and the lowest values were measured on boards pressed for five minutes. Generally, the strength properties of the boards were in accordance with the required specification of EN standard, which indicates that rose flower residue can be considered as a suitable raw material for medium density fiberboard production.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Moghgan Kouhpayehzadeh
Abstract
The suitability of using Iranian grown giant milkweed fibers (GFs) as a new raw material for thermoplastic composites was investigated. The polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix polymer and the maleated polypropylene, Epolene G- 3003TM, was used as coupling agent. In the sample preparation, four ...
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The suitability of using Iranian grown giant milkweed fibers (GFs) as a new raw material for thermoplastic composites was investigated. The polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix polymer and the maleated polypropylene, Epolene G- 3003TM, was used as coupling agent. In the sample preparation, four levels of fiber loading (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) and three levels of coupling agent content (0, 1.5, and 3 wt%) were applied and the mechanical properties of composites are analyzed. GF/PP composites were prepared by a melt compounding process in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The results showed that with the addition of coupling agent, both tensile and flexural properties improved considerably compared with control specimens (without coupling agent). As expected, notched Izod impact strength was significantly decreased as the mixing ratio of fiber increased. The results of the present study revealed that composites with good strength properties could be successfully developed using GF as the reinforcing agent. The Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) is determined following the test procedure outlined in ASTM. High HDT in this study showed that coupling agent at3 wt% and fiber loadiny either 30 or 40 wt% were superior compared with other treatments.
َAbdolah Shakeri; Vahid Reza Safdari; Mehran Rohnia; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Coupling agents in wood fiber reinforced plastic composites play an important role inimproving compatibility and adhesion between polar wood fiber and non-polar polymermatrices by forming bridges of chemical bonds between the fiber and the matrix. Maleatedpolyethylene (MAPE) and diisocyanate (HMDI) are ...
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Coupling agents in wood fiber reinforced plastic composites play an important role inimproving compatibility and adhesion between polar wood fiber and non-polar polymermatrices by forming bridges of chemical bonds between the fiber and the matrix. Maleatedpolyethylene (MAPE) and diisocyanate (HMDI) are two most common coupling agents whichare subject to evaluation, singly and in mixture. Polypropylene and wood fibers werecompounded with Maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and diisocyanate (HMDI) in concentration of2% and 4% in solitary form and mixture form (HMDI %2 + MAPE %2) into pellets using acounter-rotating twin-screw extruder and mechanical test specimens were prepared by injectionmolding. The result showed that adding 4% MAPE and 2% HMDI individually lead to increasein flexural and tensile strength of the composites. Also adding (%2HMDI + %2MAPE) causedan increase of flexural, tensile and in particular the impact strength.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate utilization of pomegranate pruning residues as the core layer of the three layer particleboard. The percentage of the pomegranate residues varied as 100, 65 and 35% in the core layer of the eucalypt particleboard and three resin levels of 8, ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate utilization of pomegranate pruning residues as the core layer of the three layer particleboard. The percentage of the pomegranate residues varied as 100, 65 and 35% in the core layer of the eucalypt particleboard and three resin levels of 8, 10 and 12 % (based on the weight of the wood particles) were applied in the core layer. Resin dosage in the surface layer was kept at 12 %. The strength and physical properties were measured and analyzed applying factorial model based on completely randomized design. The results revealed that if 65% pomegranate residues are used in the core layer, the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were the highest and the combined effect of both variables on the properties were statistically significant. The highest value of the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity obtained in the case of 10% resin in the core layer and 100% pomegranate residues followed by 8% resin in the core layer and 65% pomegranate residues. The combined effect of both variables on internal bonding of the boards was statistically significant and the highest internal bonding was reached if 8% resin and 65% pomegranate residues were used in the core layer. The effect of resin dosage on thickness swelling after 24 hours immersion in water was statistically significant. The results indicated that pomegranate tree pruning could be used for the particleboard manufacturing.
Roholah Mohebi; Aghang Tajedini; Ahmad Jahan-Latibari; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The influence of different contents (0, 5 and 10% W/W)of silica and poplar wood powder ( 30 ,40 and 50% W/W of total weight of composite) on strength properties of Polypropylene/Wood powder/Silica composite was evaluated. Various components of composite was melt mixed using two screw counter retating ...
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The influence of different contents (0, 5 and 10% W/W)of silica and poplar wood powder ( 30 ,40 and 50% W/W of total weight of composite) on strength properties of Polypropylene/Wood powder/Silica composite was evaluated. Various components of composite was melt mixed using two screw counter retating extruder, followed by cooling and granulizing. Composite granules were injected into test samples. The results of strength properties measurements revealed that almost all strength values were improved. At higher content of silica, The MOR increased from 47.9 to 53.3 MPa, MOE from 2625 to 4517 MPa and MOE in tensile increased from initial value of 4525MPa (without silica) to 6884MPa (10% silica in composite). Marginal increase in tensile strength and Izod Impact strength was observed, but the hardness of the composite was improved from 66 to73.77 shoreD. At higher silica content, the density of the composite was higher, as expected.
Sina Modirahmati; Ahmad Jahan Latibari; Amir Nourbakhsh; Mehran Roohnia; Mansor Minaei
Abstract
The impact of nanoclay addition on the properties of polypropylene/ OCC fibers/ nanoclay Composite was investigated. Composites were prepared using 67% polypropylene, 30% OCC fiber, 3% MAPP and three dosages (2.5, 5, 7.5% based on total weight of PP/OCC/MAPP) of nanoclay. Premix- ...
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The impact of nanoclay addition on the properties of polypropylene/ OCC fibers/ nanoclay Composite was investigated. Composites were prepared using 67% polypropylene, 30% OCC fiber, 3% MAPP and three dosages (2.5, 5, 7.5% based on total weight of PP/OCC/MAPP) of nanoclay. Premix- melting of nanoclay and polypropylene was used to add nanoclay to the composite mixture. Pre-mixed nanoclay/ polypropylene was melt-mixed with OCC fibers and MAPP and then test samples were made using this compound. The results revealed that addition of nanoclay to polypropylene/OCC fiber composite reduced flexural strength , tensile strength and notched Izod impact strength, but the flexural modulus and tensile modulus of final composite were improved significantly. The influence of nanoclay addition on flexural strength and tensile modulus of composite was statistically significant at 99% level whereas its effect on tensile strength was statistically significant at 95%. However, the effect of nanoclay on both flexural modulus of elasticity and impact strength was not statistically significant. The addition of nanoclay to the composite reduces the bonding between polypropylene and OCC fibers. In the case of notched Izod strength, nanoclay particles generated stress concentration point within the composite structure initiating easier failure. Water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion was reduced.
Mohammad Tasoji; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
Physical and mechanical properties wood-plastic composites produced from wheat and rice straw particles, nano-clay, polypropylene and MAPP were investigated. The amount of polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials were selected as 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels ...
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Physical and mechanical properties wood-plastic composites produced from wheat and rice straw particles, nano-clay, polypropylene and MAPP were investigated. The amount of polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials were selected as 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels 0, 2 and 4 wt% and the amount of coupling agent was fixed and set to 2 wt% for all treatments except for the control. The control samples were made from polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials with neither nanoclay nor coupling agent was used. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths were decreased by the addition of nanoparticles. For tensile and flexural modulus, adding 2 wt% of nanoclay led to an increase in both moduli. However there was a decrease in both moduli when 4 wt% nanoclay was added. The impact strength decreased adding nanoclay. There was a decrease in 24 hour water absorption when 2 wt% of nanoclay was added but an increase was observed in 4 wt% of nanoclay level. According to the mechanical and physical properties of all the treatments, the samples made of rice straw showed better results compare to wheat straw samples due to their high amount of silica and its compatibility with nanoclay. SEM test was performed.
Hassan Ziaei Tabari; Amir Nourbakhsh; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; behzad baziyar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using reed flour and different contents of montmorillonite (nanoclay) nanoparticles on the physical and tensile properties of polypropylener/reed flour/nano clay composite. The amount of coupling agent and reed flour was constant at 5% and 40%, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using reed flour and different contents of montmorillonite (nanoclay) nanoparticles on the physical and tensile properties of polypropylener/reed flour/nano clay composite. The amount of coupling agent and reed flour was constant at 5% and 40%, respectively and nanoclay content, adjusted at four levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5% were considered. The materials were mixed in an internal mixer and the samples were prepared by injection molding method. The specimens were tested in accordance with EN ISO 527 standard test method for tensile properties (tensile strength and module) and elongation at break. Physical properties such as water absorption and thickness swelling were measured. The results of tensile moduli and strengths, elongation at break and physical properties (water absorption) showed improvement by the addition of nanoclay up to 3%.
Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
To improve the mechanical properties of wood plastics composites, four lignocellulosic materials (bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw and poplar wood powder) was used as the reinforcing material. The amount of nano-clay at different levels (0, 3 and 6%) were examined on the performance of wood plastic composites. ...
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To improve the mechanical properties of wood plastics composites, four lignocellulosic materials (bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw and poplar wood powder) was used as the reinforcing material. The amount of nano-clay at different levels (0, 3 and 6%) were examined on the performance of wood plastic composites. Tensile, flexural and impact properties were measured in accordance with ASTM standard test methods. Scanning electron microscope imaging (SEM) and transmission electron microscope imaging (TEM) were performed to interpret the results. The applocation of bagasse and poplar wood powder compared with wheat and rice straws increased the strength of wood plastics composites. Using 3% nanoclay particles increased the strength properties to the maximum values. Imaging the morphology of nanoclay by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy showed the distribution of nanoclay particles in polymer structure. With increasing the amount of nanoclay to 3%, the distance between layers increased.
