Abas Fakhryan; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Fardad Golbabaei; Mohammad mehdi Brazandeh
Abstract
In this Investigation chemical, physical, morphology, pulp and paper making characteristics of Populus costanzo were studied. The average dry and critical specific gravity was found to be 0.39and 0.36 and the fiber morphology including fiber length , diameter ,lumen and thickness ...
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In this Investigation chemical, physical, morphology, pulp and paper making characteristics of Populus costanzo were studied. The average dry and critical specific gravity was found to be 0.39and 0.36 and the fiber morphology including fiber length , diameter ,lumen and thickness of cell wall 1.14 mm,28.84 µm, 28 µm ,and 2.92 µm was determined respectively. The average chemical composition including cellulose 50.74%, lignin 19.18%, Ext. 1.22% and Ash 1.65% were measured. In order to cook and pulping, Kraft process was used. The maximum yield and kappa number of Populus costanzo at 1 hour cooking time, 150°c cooking temperature and 12% effective alkali condition obtained at 61.91% and 54.83 respectively and the minimum yield and kappa number at 3 hour cooking time, 170°c cooking temperature and 16% effective alkali condition obtained at 45.63% and 13.42 respectively.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abas Fakhryan
Abstract
Most industrial production processes need cooling water to operate efficiently and safely. Refineries، steel mills، petrochemical manufacturing plants، electric utilities and paper mills all rely heavily on equipment or processes that require efficient temperature control. Cooling water system control ...
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Most industrial production processes need cooling water to operate efficiently and safely. Refineries، steel mills، petrochemical manufacturing plants، electric utilities and paper mills all rely heavily on equipment or processes that require efficient temperature control. Cooling water system control these temperatures by transferring heat from hot process fluids into cooling water. As this happens، the cooling water itself gets hot before it can be used again it must either be cooled or replaced by a fresh supply of cold water. The aim of this study was utilizing domestic wood in cooling towers structure. For this purpose، five wood spices included: Hornbeam، Oak، Alder،Populus and Tehran pine (Eldarica pine) and also five different regions with different climate، included: electric plant Montazer ghaem from Karaj near of Tehran، electric plant Loshan from north of Iran، electric plant Dorcheh Esfahan from center of Iran and petrochemical manufacturing plants Bandar emam from south of Iran، have been chosen. Sampling have been done and treated with CCA. All samples were put in the cooling towers and were tested during the study period. (Mechanical tests such as specific gravity، static bending، compression parallel to grain and hardness). Based on this study، the mechanical properties of these spices during last four years were done. At the fifth year of study، virtual damages have not seen where as significant difference have been achieved in aspect of mechanical properties. Among of theses wood spices، Populous and Pinus eldarica had minimum mechanical degrade and it should be noted that Pinus eldarica spices had better quality than populous spices.
Mohammad Mehdi Brazandeh; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Saeid Eshagi; Abas Fakhryan
Abstract
Abstract Regarding undesired effects of formaldehyde on the health of people and enviroment, it is desired to evaluate the amount of emission of this gas from a wood composite product in order to introduce a practical method for evaluating the amount of it,s emission from any other wood product. To do ...
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Abstract Regarding undesired effects of formaldehyde on the health of people and enviroment, it is desired to evaluate the amount of emission of this gas from a wood composite product in order to introduce a practical method for evaluating the amount of it,s emission from any other wood product. To do this, particleboards of Haloxyon persicum were prepared in three different moisture levels using urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Formaldehyde emissions were evaluated as p.p.m using desciccator method ASTM D 5582-00.The results show that formaldehyde emission is reduced by raising moisture gradient such as emission values were determined as 8.946 ppm, 6.312 ppm and 4.172 ppm for the particleboards with moisture gradients of 0, 2 and 4 percent, respectively. Increasing moisture gradient from 0 to 2 percent resulted in 29 percent and increasing moisture gradient from 2 to 4 percent resulted in 34 percent less formaldehyde emissions, respectively. In addition, comparison these amounts with standard values show that these particleboards should be only used in the outdoors and not be used in the indoors at any way.
Kamyar Salehi; Fardad Golbabaei; Saeed Mahdavi; Abas Fakhryan
Abstract
The characteristics of five common varieties of sugarcane cultivated in the southern Iran, including cp57-614, sp70-1143, cp69-106, cp48-103, and nco310 were evaluated. The characteristics measured were fiber dimension, papermaking coefficients, fiber yield, density and chemical component. cp69-106 revealed ...
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The characteristics of five common varieties of sugarcane cultivated in the southern Iran, including cp57-614, sp70-1143, cp69-106, cp48-103, and nco310 were evaluated. The characteristics measured were fiber dimension, papermaking coefficients, fiber yield, density and chemical component. cp69-106 revealed the longest fiber with the average length of 1.55 mm whereas cp57-614 had the shortest fiber with average length of 1.39 mm. The cp48-103 and cp69-106 were ranked as having the widest and narrowest fiber diameter as 25.38 and 20.42 micron respectively. The measurement of the density at 12% moisture content showed that sp70-1143 with 0.35g/cm-3 provide the highest value and the cp57-614 possessed the lowest density measured at 0.17g.cm-3. There existed statistically significant differences among other fiber characteristics and papermaking coefficients. In general, the result indicated that cp69-106 provides the optimal characteristics in comparison with the other varieties based on papermaking specifications.
Pulp and paper
Abas Fakhryan; Fardad Golbabaei; Mohammad mehdi Brazandeh
Abstract
In this research pulp and paper making characteristics of Sequoia sempervirens from Chamestan noor research station were studied. The dry and critical specific gravity of sap wood 0.352 and 0.324, heart wood 0.43 and 0.40, fiber length 2.01 mm. diameter 39.84µm. lumen 33.15µm and cell thickness ...
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In this research pulp and paper making characteristics of Sequoia sempervirens from Chamestan noor research station were studied. The dry and critical specific gravity of sap wood 0.352 and 0.324, heart wood 0.43 and 0.40, fiber length 2.01 mm. diameter 39.84µm. lumen 33.15µm and cell thickness wall 2.89µm were measured as respectively. The amount of cellulose of 52.63%, lignin 35.32%, ext. 6.68% and ash 0.45% were obtained as well. Kraft process was used for pulping. The yield of these pulps in 12% effective alkali were measured as 56% and in 18% effective alkali 39.69% respectively. In 3 hours of cooking time, the tear strength of these pulps 19.74 mNm2/gr and In 2 hours of cooking time 15.22 mNm2/gr respectively were measured.
