Chemical conversion
Saeed Hasani; Mohammad Talaei poor; behzad baziyar; Amir Homan Hemmasi; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, black poplar (Populus nigra) cut from Zanjan province was used in two age groups of 18 and 38- year-old. Timbers with thicknesses of 4, 5 and 6 cm were prepared from each age group. The prepared timbers were modified during the heat treatment process (Thermowood) at a constant ...
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AbstractIn this study, black poplar (Populus nigra) cut from Zanjan province was used in two age groups of 18 and 38- year-old. Timbers with thicknesses of 4, 5 and 6 cm were prepared from each age group. The prepared timbers were modified during the heat treatment process (Thermowood) at a constant temperature of 212 °C. Experimental samples were obtained from the surface and middle depth of heat-treated timbers. Heat-treated and control wood samples were subjected to accelerated weathering for 150 hours. Color lightness (L*), color difference (ΔΕ*) and water droplet contact angle were measured for heat-treated and control samples before and after weathering. In order to investigation of the wettability content, the method of measuring the contact angle of the water drop - static according to the ASTM D 5946 standard was used. In general, before weathering, the brightness of the heat-treated samples decreased compared to the control sample, but after weathering, the color lightness of the control samples decreased and the color lightness of the heat-treated samples increased. Also, the content of color difference of samples after weathering compared to before weathering showed a significant decrease statistically. Heat treatment increased the contact angle of water droplets of the samples 60.31% and the contact angle of water droplets of the heat-treated and control samples increased significantly after weathering compared to before weathering.
Mohammad Reza topa esfandiyari; Mohammad Talaei poor; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; behzad baziyar
Abstract
This study uses soda lignin to modify it with furfural as adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood Poplar wood. Producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin-furfural 30% (L.70-F.30), lignin- furfural 60% (L.40-F.60) were used as the adhesive at three different levels ( 120 140 ...
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This study uses soda lignin to modify it with furfural as adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood Poplar wood. Producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin-furfural 30% (L.70-F.30), lignin- furfural 60% (L.40-F.60) were used as the adhesive at three different levels ( 120 140 160gm2) accompanied with ammonium chloride (1%) as the hardener and wheat flour (30%) as the filler based on the dry weight of the adhesive. Plates made with urea formaldehyde resin at 160 g/m2 were produced as control samples. characteristics of adhesives included solid material percentage, viscosity, specific weight and PH were measured. After producing the laboratory boards, the physical and mechanical properties of samples, such as thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of being soaked in water, shear strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity were measured. The results indicate that independent and interactive effects of adhesive and its consumption level on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood are not statistically significant. And in all cases, the control boards had better properties than the lignin adhesives
Alireza Asgari; Amirhooman Hemmasi; Behzad Baziyar; Mohammad Talaeipour; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The mechanical (tensile strength and modulus, bending strength and modulus), humidity (water absorption and thickness swelling) and biodegradability properties of wood-plastics produced from polypropylene and poplar wood-flour (wood flour in three levels of 0, 20 and 25 percentage) in the presence of ...
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The mechanical (tensile strength and modulus, bending strength and modulus), humidity (water absorption and thickness swelling) and biodegradability properties of wood-plastics produced from polypropylene and poplar wood-flour (wood flour in three levels of 0, 20 and 25 percentage) in the presence of starch powder (at four levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 percentage) are assessed as a bio strength agent. The material mixing process is run in two stages of applying an extruder machine and applying an internal mixer haake machine. The mechanical and humidity tests specimens are produced by mold injection method and the biodegradability test specimens are formed by hot press method. The tests are run according to standards and procedures. The results indicate that an increase in weight percentage of wood-flour in the composition, increase the mechanical strength, water absorption, thickness swelling and biodegradability of composites. An increase in weight percentage of starch powder in the composition, increase the bending strength and modulus, tensile modulus, water absorption, thickness swelling and biodegradability of composites, while decreasing the tensile strength. Additional studies run through the scanning electron microscopy indicate that by adding wood-flour and starch powder to the composition, the intensity of biodegradation increase at the surface of the specimens. By adding starch powder to the composition, the starch powder particles fill the cavities in the composite structure, thus a reduction in the volume of the pores in the composite structure.
Mostafa Kohantorabi; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Mohammad Talaei poor; Mehran Roohnia; Behzad Baziyar
Abstract
One of the problems of non-destructive tests in the detection of the inhomogeneities in wood and wood products is their location relative to the vibrating node and antinode. Thus, the hidden inhomogeneities located at the vibration node in such materials may not have any effects on the dynamic modulus ...
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One of the problems of non-destructive tests in the detection of the inhomogeneities in wood and wood products is their location relative to the vibrating node and antinode. Thus, the hidden inhomogeneities located at the vibration node in such materials may not have any effects on the dynamic modulus of elasticity and may not be detectable. In this study, we investigated the development of simple end-to-end joint in oak beams (Quercus castaneifolia) with dimensions of 72×4×2 cm (longitudinal×Radial×Tangential), with blocks removed from the areas of 0.06 and 0.50 cm of the beam length. The blocks were removed from the same beam as the joint was developed. The results indicated that developing a joint in 0.50 cm of the beam length has no significant effect on values obtained from the dynamic modulus of elasticity while creating this joint in 0.06 cm of the beam length has a significant effect on values obtained from the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Also, in both joints, the damping and acoustic converting efficiency values were increased and decreased, respectively. The amount of these changes was more in the area of 0.06 cm of beam length. In general, it can be said that due to the effect of vibrating node and antinode and on the other hand, the location of the joint in both areas, the acoustic conversion efficiency factor is a suitable factor to estimate the location of the joint or the inhomogeneity itself.
Ali Kazemi Tabrizi; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Behzad Bazyar; Vahid Atghia
Abstract
Abstract In this study, acidified Luffa (AHS@L), by sulfonic acid, as an effective and biodegradable solid acid catalyst was produced. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results indicated that modified Luffa flour had an intense acidic property. The FT-IR analyze ...
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Abstract In this study, acidified Luffa (AHS@L), by sulfonic acid, as an effective and biodegradable solid acid catalyst was produced. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results indicated that modified Luffa flour had an intense acidic property. The FT-IR analyze show a broad peak at 3400cm-1 that improve the acidification of the Luffa surface. Also the XRD analyze clearly show the change in the morphology of Luffa after acidification. The TGA analyze show us the heat resistance of the catalyst up to 245 ° C and the SEM images clearly showed that the catalyst surface was hydrated as a result of acidification. The synthesized catalyst was used to protect the amines in the N-tert butyl carbamate reaction under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Different types of aliphatic and aromatic amines have been produced as related monocarbamates with excellent yields and short reaction times. This method was mild and selective and has advantages such as heterogeneous catalysis, low cost and catalyst recovery capability.
Mohamad Bai; Behzad Bazyar; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Abdolah Najafi; Amir Hooman Hemasi
Abstract
In this study, the effect of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites made with polyvinyl alcohol was studied and the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Samples were prepared by casting with different ratios ...
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In this study, the effect of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites made with polyvinyl alcohol was studied and the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Samples were prepared by casting with different ratios of 0, 5 and 10% by weight. The morphology of nanocomposites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Observations of water vapor permeability and water uptake by adding cellulose and nanoxide oxide nanofibers in pure polyvinyl alcohol control film and nanocomposite films with different compositions were significantly different from each other. Tensile strength of nanocomposites showed that increasing the amount of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and the percentage of elongation increased with the addition of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles decreased. The results of the present study show that the addition of small amounts of nanocellulose fibers and silicon nanoparticles strengthens the polyvinyl alcohol polymer and improves the physical and mechanical properties and increases the performance of nanocomposites.
mona shayestehkia; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Behzad Baziyar; Hossein Rangavar; Hamid Reza Taghiyari
Abstract
Abstract In this research, the effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the functional properties of wood cement composite panels has been investigated. Variable factors in this research are the percentage of nano in (five levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1%), the weight of cement and also the ratio of mixing ...
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Abstract In this research, the effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the functional properties of wood cement composite panels has been investigated. Variable factors in this research are the percentage of nano in (five levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1%), the weight of cement and also the ratio of mixing wood chips with cement in three levels (1 to 3, 1 To 3.5 and 1 to 4) dry weight of cement. In this research, poplar wood and Portland cement type 2 have been used as fixed agents. In total, 15 treatments and 3 replicates of each treatment were made. Preparation of sample in accordance with the standard (DIN / EN 634) and measurement of physical and mechanical properties including flexural modulus, modulus of elasticity in accordance with the standard (DIN / EN 310), internal adhesion in accordance with the standard (DIN / EN 319), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of immersion in water was performed according to the standard (DIN / EN 317). Increased cellulose nanocrystals improved physical and mechanical strength. SEM microscopic images were taken from the samples to examine the microstructural properties of the composite. In the pictures, it was found that by adding cellulose nanocrystals, we see an improvement in the disintegration of nanocomposite materials and as a result, an increase in mechanical and physical properties
Mohammad Reza topa esfandiyari; Mohammad Talaei poor; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
This study uses the Lignin-Glyoxal adhesive to replace chemical resins with environmental compounds producing plywood. producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin- glyoxal 15% (L.85-G.15), lignin-glyoxal 30% (L.70-G.30) and Urea-formaldehyde (control) were used as adhesive at 160 gr/m2 level. Accompanied ...
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This study uses the Lignin-Glyoxal adhesive to replace chemical resins with environmental compounds producing plywood. producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin- glyoxal 15% (L.85-G.15), lignin-glyoxal 30% (L.70-G.30) and Urea-formaldehyde (control) were used as adhesive at 160 gr/m2 level. Accompanied with ammonium chloride (1%) as the hardener and wheat flour (30%) as the filler based on the dry weight of the adhesive characteristics of adhesives included solid material percentage, viscosity, specific weight and PH were measured. After producing the laboratory boards, the physical and mechanical properties of samples, such as thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of being soaked in water, shear strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity were measured. In addition, the groups and bonds in the pure lignin and lignin-gloxal adhesives were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the independent effect of adhesive type on the thickness swelling of plywood after 2 and 24 hours was significant. Although the results suggest that modifying the lignin would improve the plywood in all cases, the control boards had better featurers than those made with the Lignin-Glyoxal adhesive.
Mohammad Ali Hossein; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; behzad baziyar; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
The effect of applying the sequence of enzymatic treatment and refining was investigated on the properties of deinked pulp from mixed office waste paper (MOW). Refining was applied for 700 and 1500 revolutions. Enzymatic treatment was applied for 60 minutes with temperature of 60°C and 13% of consistency. ...
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The effect of applying the sequence of enzymatic treatment and refining was investigated on the properties of deinked pulp from mixed office waste paper (MOW). Refining was applied for 700 and 1500 revolutions. Enzymatic treatment was applied for 60 minutes with temperature of 60°C and 13% of consistency. Applying enzymatic treatment led to decrease in strength properties of paper and also decrease in freeness of the pulp. The refining process resulted in increase of paper properties and decrease in freeness of the pulp. By applying enzymatic treatment before refining, the freeness of pulp changed significantly so that, the freeness of the pulp was 496 and 390 for 700 and 1500 refining revolution respectively just for refining but these numbers changed to 397 and 544 for same revolutions for “enzymatic treatment + refining” sequence. In a normal condition increase of refining revolution lead to decrease in pulp freeness but that was interestingly the freeness increased for 1500 refining revolution. This means that the enzymatic treatment was effective. Generally, refining itself improved the quality parameters of pulp and paper, but applying this process after enzymatic treatment changed everything.
Amir Mollahassani; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Amir Lashgari; behzad baziyar
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the dynamic and static of elastic properties of Fir wood joints. For this purpose conventional joints in woos industry including dovetail, tongue and groove beech wood (Abies alba.) joints with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and cyanoacrylate (CA) adhesives were used. Dimensions ...
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the dynamic and static of elastic properties of Fir wood joints. For this purpose conventional joints in woos industry including dovetail, tongue and groove beech wood (Abies alba.) joints with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and cyanoacrylate (CA) adhesives were used. Dimensions of research samples were determined 24×50×360 (mm) according to international standard (ISO No.3129), and the results indicate that the effects of joint type, adhesive type, joint size, and also retrospective joint size became meaningful at 5% level in dynamic and static tests. As the length of groove and height of dovetail and length of dowel increased in the joints, dynamic and static elasticity modules increased, and in terms of changes in elasticity modules of the research. Elasticity module for dovetail joint, as a result of the shape, having a homogenous joint texture, and also lack of extended adhesive line in the joint, is closer to un jointed samples (control group). Also cyanoacrylate adhesive improved elasticity features of samples compared to polyvinyl acetate adhesive as a result of higher tension resistance and faster coagulation. The results of the Student's t-test indicate that there exists a not significant difference between the mean of dynamic and the mean of static modulus of elasticity, not significance at 5% level and The Pearson correlation test indicate that the dynamic and static modulus of elasticity of the samples are significant at 5% level and are of positive correlation(+.0958) .With regard to the correlation of the results of dynamic and static tests, methods for non-destructive dynamic investigation may be regarded as appropriate alternatives to destructive static tests, in order to assess and classify woods.
Composite wood products
Salume Esmaeilzadeh Saeih; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Esmaeil Ghasemi; behzad baziyar
Abstract
Abstract Effects of temperature, cellulose Nano fibers and Nano clay particles on mechanical, physical and morphological properties of biodegradable composites made of recycled thermoplastic starch biopolymer and regular mixed industrial sawdust are investigated. To this aim Cellulose Nano Fibers and ...
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Abstract Effects of temperature, cellulose Nano fibers and Nano clay particles on mechanical, physical and morphological properties of biodegradable composites made of recycled thermoplastic starch biopolymer and regular mixed industrial sawdust are investigated. To this aim Cellulose Nano Fibers and Nano Clay particles were selected to be 0, 3 and 5 weight percent and were added to prepared biodegradable composites by using internal mixer and samples prepared by injection molding. Mechanical properties including tensile modulus and strength, flexural modulus and strength were extracted at temperatures ranging from 23 ºC to 80 ºC. Impact test and water absorption and thickness swelling were also performed according to related standards. Results show that elevating the temperature drastically reduce mechanical properties. Nano Clay addition results in better mechanical properties except for impact and water absorption and thickness swelling are improved. Using 5% Cellulose Nano Fibers improves mechanical and morphological properties better than 3% addition. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed Nano composites samples with 5% Nano Clay and Cellulose Nano Fibers has higher storage modulus and glass transition temperatures in compare to pure composite samples. This Nano particles can be successfully used to improve properties and performance except for fracture resistance.
Pulp and paper
mohammad bashir torabian; behzad baziyar; mohammad talaeipour
Abstract
Abstract This research investigates the cooking of monoethanolamine with a concentration of 50% and baking alkali sulphite with 18% alkalinity for making pulp from corn stalks. The combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphite in rations of 70:30 as a measure of alkali sulphite and water and monoethanolamine ...
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Abstract This research investigates the cooking of monoethanolamine with a concentration of 50% and baking alkali sulphite with 18% alkalinity for making pulp from corn stalks. The combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphite in rations of 70:30 as a measure of alkali sulphite and water and monoethanolamine with a ratio of 50:50 were selected as control treatments. The amount of deficiency was eliminated during all three processes due to the fact that it was not very minor and could not be weighed. Furthermore, the cooking conditions were chosen as variables: the process of alkali and soda sulphite was combined; time was 30:60:90 minutes at the three levels and the temperature was 125.145.165 degrees at the three levels; and the ratio of the baking fluid to the raw material (1 to 4) remained constant. The paper pulp produced with monovalent and 50% had the lowest amount of total efficiency (36.12) and kappa number (17.93). In alkaline sulphite treatment, it was observed that decreasing the temperature and increasing the time as variable factors, results in a decrease in the total return value and the kappa number likewise increases, so that the highest burst index (6.78) is related to baking with a temperature of 125 degrees and the total time would be 60 minutes. The results of this study show that monoethanolamine/water (50:50) can be successfully used to make paper from corn stalks, and the characteristics of the pulp of manufactured paper, especially in terms of mechanical strength and kappa number, when mixed with water; and that it is superior to the process of alkali sulphite both as a combination and by itself
Management and Economics wood
Afshin Kshn dehghan; Habibalah Khademi eslam; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
In this study, the influence of the fungus (Coriolus versicolor) on the durability of Horn beam (carpinus betulus) in natural state and treated with CCA (Copper/Chromium/Arsenic) was evaluated. CCA is a kind of water borne preservatives that was used to treat specimens under vacuum and pressure ...
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In this study, the influence of the fungus (Coriolus versicolor) on the durability of Horn beam (carpinus betulus) in natural state and treated with CCA (Copper/Chromium/Arsenic) was evaluated. CCA is a kind of water borne preservatives that was used to treat specimens under vacuum and pressure (Bethel procedure) with amount of 3.5 & 1.5 percent on the basis of oven dry wood. Specimens were contaminated with cultured fungus for eight weeks in incubator. After this period, weight reduction, compressive strength (parallel to grain) and hardness of specimens were measured. Weight reduction of treated samples with 3.5 & 1.5 percent CCA were 1.68 and 1.73 percent respectively. Weight reduction of control samples were much higher (22.87 percent) than treated ones. There was no significant difference between the Compressive strength (parallel to grain) of treated and control samples without effect of fungus but the samples with effect of fungus have significant difference. Compressive strength (parallel to grain) of treated samples with 3.5 & 1.5 percent of CCA were 64.33 and 60.10 (Mpa) respectively but Compressive strength (parallel to grain) of control samples were much lower (38.44 Mpa) than treated samples. There was no significant difference between the hardness of treated and control samples without effect of fungus. On the other hand, the hardness of treated samples was more than control samples slightly, but this difference was not significant in 5 percent level. The hardness of treated and control samples with effect of fungus have significant difference. Hardness of treated samples with 3.5 & 1.5 percent of CCA were 5788(N) and 5799(N) respectively. However the hardness of control samples were much lower (3139N) than treated samples. Eventually CCA (Tanalith c) increased the durability of Horn beam (Carpinus betulus) from nondurable level to durable level.
Composite wood products
Ali Hasanpoor tichi; Behzad Baziyar
Abstract
In this study the effect of nano gel wollastonite usage in three level (0 , 5 and 10 percent per dry by weight of the cement) and the mixture ratios of lingocellulosic material to cement in three level 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 on physical, mechanical , microscopic and biological properties of composite ...
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In this study the effect of nano gel wollastonite usage in three level (0 , 5 and 10 percent per dry by weight of the cement) and the mixture ratios of lingocellulosic material to cement in three level 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 on physical, mechanical , microscopic and biological properties of composite made from rice straw fibers- cement was investigated. Three replicates for each treatment and 27 experimental boards were manufactured. Specimens were prepared according to DIN- EN634 standard test methods to measure mechanical and physical properties. Mechanical and physical properties including static bending strength, modulus of elasticity, interior bonding(IB),water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion in the water , density and decay resistant (loss weight) were measured. Micro- structural properties of composites were evaluated by SEM images. The results showed that, bending strength , modulus of elasticity , interior bonding and density were significantly increased with increasing Nano gel wollastonite . Also, with increasing Nano gel wollastonite , dimensional stability and decay resistance were increased in comparison with the control sample. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the calcium hydroxide formed hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H gel) after addition the Nano gel wollastonite . SEM images showed that the micro- structure of the boards were improved by increasing the nano- wollastonite content.
Composite wood products
Hassan Ziaei Tabari; Habibollah Khademieslam; Behzad Bazyar; Amir Homan Hemmasi
Abstract
A new kind of thermoplastic elastomer nano composite reinforced with nano cellulose fibers is reported. The first aim of this investigation was to study the interaction and dispersion of nano cellulose fiber into Pebax matrix. This copolymer is Polyether – b – Amide thermoplastic elastomer ...
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A new kind of thermoplastic elastomer nano composite reinforced with nano cellulose fibers is reported. The first aim of this investigation was to study the interaction and dispersion of nano cellulose fiber into Pebax matrix. This copolymer is Polyether – b – Amide thermoplastic elastomer which is synthetized from renewable resources, and its hydrophilic character allows it to interact with nano cellulose. The interaction and reinforcement effect of nano cellulose at 3 levels of nano cellulose (1%, 3% and 5%) were examined by Scanning electron microscopes (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mechanical tests (young module, elongation at break and impact resistance). The results achieved from these tests were indicating appropriate effects of nano cellulose fibers for the strong interaction and close contact with polyamide phase of Pebax polymer which caused high mechanical properties (at 3% of nanoellulose) in nano composites. The young module and impact resistance of nano composite were significantly increased.
Management and Economics wood
shahram tahmasebi; behzad bazyar; habibolah Khademi Islam; mohammad Ghofrani
Abstract
In this study, structural performance of corner joint reinforced by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) at the area of maximum tension stress was investigated under diagonal tension loading. Therefore 1 to 3 layers of unidirectional woven Glass, Carbon and Kevlar fibers were used ...
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In this study, structural performance of corner joint reinforced by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) at the area of maximum tension stress was investigated under diagonal tension loading. Therefore 1 to 3 layers of unidirectional woven Glass, Carbon and Kevlar fibers were used and hand lay-up was done by vinyl ester and epoxy resins. Results of load-displacement curve at yield point exhibited capability of the reinforcing layers in preventing joint opening to some extent under load. However, failure was observed at the joint due to picking fibers from wood surface or members fracture near the interface when loading increased. Since the reinforced zones of the joints by FRP show the maximum shear stress, consequently the separation of fibers from wood surfaces increased at these locations. The adhesion of FRP layers to joint surface was not appropriate due to difficult process of layering at right angle of joints followed by probable formation of air bubbles. The results of assessing FRPs reinforcing behaviour indicated that application of vinyl ester in comparison with epoxy as matrix exhibited better performance. In addition, glass and carbon fibers showed better performance than Kevlar fibers as reinforcing agents.
Composite wood products
ali hasanpoor tichi; behzad bazyar; Habibalah khademieslam; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study the possibility of nano- wollastonite usage in three level (0 , 3 and 6 percent per dry weight of cement) and mixture ratios of lingo cellulosic materials to cement in three level 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 on physical, mechanical and microscopic properties of composite made from kraft fibers ...
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In this study the possibility of nano- wollastonite usage in three level (0 , 3 and 6 percent per dry weight of cement) and mixture ratios of lingo cellulosic materials to cement in three level 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 on physical, mechanical and microscopic properties of composite made from kraft fibers was investigated. There were three replicatesfor each treatment and 27 experimental boards were manufactured totally. Specimens were prepared according to DIN- EN- 634 standard to measure mechanical and physical properties. Mechanical and physical properties including compression strength, interior bonding (IB), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion into the water and density were measured. Micro- structural properties of composites were evaluated by SEM images.The results showed that compression strength , interior bonding and density increased by higher levels of nano- wollastonite content in the boards. By increasing of nano- wollastonite, dimensional stability was significantly improved in comparison to the control boards. SEM images showed the improvement of micro- structural boards by increasing the nano- wollastonite content.
Management and Economics wood
Amir Tavakkoli; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Mohammad Talaeipour; Behzad Bazyar; Ajang Tajdini
Abstract
The objective of the research is to forecast the trend of the printing and writing paper consumption in Iran for a five-year period using both modern and classical methods. In order to do the forecasting, predictability of time series was primarily studied using Durbin-Watson and Runs tests. Then, artificial ...
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The objective of the research is to forecast the trend of the printing and writing paper consumption in Iran for a five-year period using both modern and classical methods. In order to do the forecasting, predictability of time series was primarily studied using Durbin-Watson and Runs tests. Then, artificial neural network model (multilayer perceptrons (MLP)) and univariate and multivariate classical forecasting models such as univariate single exponential smoothing (SES), double exponential smoothing (DES), holt-winters exponential smoothing (HWES) and Box- Jenkins (ARIMA) models, and multivariate econometric model all together were compared in terms of the standard statistical measures. Finally, the consumption of printing and writing paper in Iran was forecasted up to the year 2017 using the most appropriate model. The results of both the parametric test of Durbin-Watson and non-parametric test of Runs show that, the printing and writing consumption series is non-random and predictable. The results of comparing different forecast methods showed that the artificial neural network model has higher forecasting accuracy than the classical models and it is more appropriate for the five-year forecast period. Also, the results of forecasting by using neural network model (MLP), revealed that the printing and writing paper consumption in Iran is forecasted to increase by 5.3%, from around 375 thousand tons in 2012 to 420 thousand tons in 2013, but it falls over the five-year forecast period, from 5.3% in 2013 to 0.07% in 2017.
Composite wood products
Mehdi Kalagar; behzad baziyar; Habibalah Khademislam; Esmaeil Ghasemi; Amir homan Hemmasi
Abstract
In this paper, poly lactic acid (PLA)/ wheat straw fibers manufactured by twin screw extruder and molding compression have been studied. Wheat straw fibers were treated with trietoxymethel silane for better compatibility between two phases. Physical properties, tensile properties of the composites were ...
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In this paper, poly lactic acid (PLA)/ wheat straw fibers manufactured by twin screw extruder and molding compression have been studied. Wheat straw fibers were treated with trietoxymethel silane for better compatibility between two phases. Physical properties, tensile properties of the composites were analysis. The effect of the wheat straw fibers on the thermal properties of PLA has also been investigated in DSC experiments. The effects of silane treatment on the wheat straw fibers have been analyzed by FTIR. Scanning electron microscopy from samples surface were used for better study of water absorption and thickness swelling. Composites wheat straw fiber were treated shows signification lower water absorption and thickness swelling than composites PLA/ untreated wheat straw fibers. The lower amount of water absorption and thickness swelling occurred in the pure PLA. The existence crack and break occurred in the surface of PLA/ untreated wheat straw fibers composites after immersion in the water indicating higher water absorption and thickness swelling were in these samples. Wheat straw fibers were treated with silane due to better wetting and better linkage in the interfacial surface with PLA matrix showed higher tensile properties then PLA/ untreated wheat straw fiber composites. Differential scanning calorimeter test showed that with addition wheat straw fibers were treated to pure PLA the increased glass transition temperatures. The nucleating effect of wheat straw fibers, special treatment with silane cause to increased in the crystallization temperature composites than pure PLA which a positive effect showed on the degree of crystallization.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
parisa azari; mohammad talaeipour; noorodin nazarnezhad; behzad bazyar
Abstract
In this study the effect of surface oxidation of wood particles in order to reducing amount of adhesive for making single layer particleboard was investigated. Oxidation of wood particles cause to form carboxylic groups and free phenolic radicals that lead to activate the surface of wood particles for ...
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In this study the effect of surface oxidation of wood particles in order to reducing amount of adhesive for making single layer particleboard was investigated. Oxidation of wood particles cause to form carboxylic groups and free phenolic radicals that lead to activate the surface of wood particles for adhesion. This search was conducted on Populus nigra wood particles that they were oxidized by nitric acid (40%) including 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent (based on OD weight of wood). These wood particles were adhered by phenol formaldehyde resin in three amounts of 3, 5 and 7 percent (based on OD weight of wood) then wood particle cakes pressed in 180 degree of centigrade, 5 min and 30 kg/cm2. The results indicate that maximum MOR, MOE and minimum water absorption and swelling thickness was observed in boards with 7% adhesive and 4% acid. Using 5% adhesive and 4% acid had the best performance on shearing strength.
Hossein Rangavar; Behzad Bazyar; Hamed Akbari
Abstract
Abstract : In this study, the possibility of using Cicer arietinum straw residues for manufacturing three-layer particleboards was studied.The amounts of Cicer arietinum straw in mixture with industrial particles were ( % 25:75),(% 40:60),(% 55:45) respectively.Urea formaldehyde (100%) and Melamin urea ...
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Abstract : In this study, the possibility of using Cicer arietinum straw residues for manufacturing three-layer particleboards was studied.The amounts of Cicer arietinum straw in mixture with industrial particles were ( % 25:75),(% 40:60),(% 55:45) respectively.Urea formaldehyde (100%) and Melamin urea formaldehyde at different ratios of MF / UF were used as binders. The resin were applied at two levls of (% 8,10) in core and two levels of (% 10,12) in surface layers, based on oven dried weight of particles. Mechanical and physical properties of boards ( Modulus of rupture, Modulus of elasticity, Internal bonding and thickness swelling and water absorption after 2, 24 hours soaking in water) were measured and data were analyzed, statistically. The results indicated that increase of Cicer arietinum straw lead to increase of bending strength and Modulus of elasticity. Also the increase of resin content and use of Melamin urea formaldehyde resin caused to improve mechanical and physical properties. In General, the use of Cicer arietinumstraw in mixture with industrial particles up to 55% , and resin content of (10,12%) in core and surface layers, resulted in producing boards with appropriate mechanicals properties which are suitable for interior uses.
Habib alah Khademi eslam; Razieh Baghbani; Esmaeil Ghasemi; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
Flexural strength, modulus and tensile strength of composites made from treated baggase flour/recycled polyethylene was investigated. Baggase flour (40 mesh particles) was treated with 10% hydroxide sodium for 45 minutes. Then, the composites were manufactured using injection molding method using both ...
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Flexural strength, modulus and tensile strength of composites made from treated baggase flour/recycled polyethylene was investigated. Baggase flour (40 mesh particles) was treated with 10% hydroxide sodium for 45 minutes. Then, the composites were manufactured using injection molding method using both treated and virgin baggase flour as filler (46 and 26%), and recycled and virgin polyethylene as matrix. Flexural strength of the composites made from treated fiber was superior to the relevant untreated fibers. Chemical modification of bagasse fiber improved the tensile strength. Increasing the fiber ratio from 26 to 46%, increased the flexural strength, modulus and tensile strength of the composite. Flexural and tensile properties of the composites produced using recycled HDPE were identical to those based on virgin HDPE.
Shima Ramezani; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Misam Aliabadi; Asghar Tabeai; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
Samples were prepared from the native poplar species (Populus alba) grown in Mehnan, a region in Bojnourd at the ages 5 and 25 and the anatomical, biometrical and chemical characteristics of the samples sections in three directions (cross section, radial and tangential) of the tree were measured. ...
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Samples were prepared from the native poplar species (Populus alba) grown in Mehnan, a region in Bojnourd at the ages 5 and 25 and the anatomical, biometrical and chemical characteristics of the samples sections in three directions (cross section, radial and tangential) of the tree were measured. Dioxan and Klason lignin were measured. Structural similarities in vascular cavities or impacted vessels in the form of binary, tripple or tetraploidy groups in juvenile and mature wood was observed primarily in radial direction. Fiber length and cell wall thickness variation in the juvenile and mature wood was significantly different and as the age of the tree increases, such difference is more significant. This point need to be considered by cellulose industries. As the age of the tree increase and the wood matures, significant change in vessel size in samples from 5 or 25 years old trees was not detected. The result showed that the older wood contains lower content of extractive and lignin and higher content of cellulose
Hassan Ziaei Tabari; Amir Nourbakhsh; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; behzad baziyar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using reed flour and different contents of montmorillonite (nanoclay) nanoparticles on the physical and tensile properties of polypropylener/reed flour/nano clay composite. The amount of coupling agent and reed flour was constant at 5% and 40%, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using reed flour and different contents of montmorillonite (nanoclay) nanoparticles on the physical and tensile properties of polypropylener/reed flour/nano clay composite. The amount of coupling agent and reed flour was constant at 5% and 40%, respectively and nanoclay content, adjusted at four levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5% were considered. The materials were mixed in an internal mixer and the samples were prepared by injection molding method. The specimens were tested in accordance with EN ISO 527 standard test method for tensile properties (tensile strength and module) and elongation at break. Physical properties such as water absorption and thickness swelling were measured. The results of tensile moduli and strengths, elongation at break and physical properties (water absorption) showed improvement by the addition of nanoclay up to 3%.
Amir Eshraghi; Habib alah Khademeslami; Amir Nourbakhsh; Behzad Bazyar; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, ...
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In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, 3- %75 OCC +%25 aspen. Indeed in this study these two mentioned factors are variable and other factors such as press temperature: 165 ºC, press time: 5 minute, mat moisture %12, board density 0.75 g/cm3 and press pressure 30 kg/cm2 were constant. After the boards were manufactured according to DIN-68763 standard, were undergone different tests such as: bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding strength and thickness swelling after 2 & 24 hours immersion in water. The results indicate that second ratio(%50 OCC and %50 aspen chips) is proper for bending applications and the first ratio(%25 OCC and %75 aspen chips) is proper for tensile and thickness swelling applications. Therefore, applying the OCC more than %50 in manufacturing combination; result in decreasing the physical and mechanical properties. Moreover the results show that when the resin content increases, the board features improve.
