Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Ali Nourbakhsh; فرداد Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Background and objectives: The possibility of using agricultural lignocellulosic waste as a complementary raw material for the production of wood composite products can have a good economic justification. This will be possible if the manufactured product has the desired and standard quality, however, ...
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Background and objectives: The possibility of using agricultural lignocellulosic waste as a complementary raw material for the production of wood composite products can have a good economic justification. This will be possible if the manufactured product has the desired and standard quality, however, considering that the type of wood material can have a determining effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the final product, therefore, conducting laboratory and research studies in order to recommend A raw material is essential for consumption in industry. The use of agricultural lignocellulosic waste in wood composite products industries has been the subject of various research activities in different parts of the world in recent years. In this research, in order to improve the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic, nanoclay particles have been used as reinforcements and corncob wastes have been used with poplar wood.Methodology: The amount of polypropylene and combination of materials were 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels 0, 2 and 4 wt% and the amount of coupling agent was fixed and set to 2 wt% for all treatments. The control samples were made using poly propylene material. Results: The results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths were increased by the addition 25 corncob and 75 poplar wt% particles. For tensile and flexural modulus, adding 2 wt% of nano-clay led to an increase in strength and modulus but there was a decrease when 4 wt% nano-clay was used. The impact strength increased by adding nano-clayConclusion: According to the mechanical and physical properties of all the treatments, the samples which were made of 25 corncob and 75 poplar wt% particle with 2 wt% of Nano-clay had better results compared to other samples.
Reza Jazayeri; saeed kazemi najafi; Habibollah Younesi; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this study, the effect of graphite and two modified graphite materials in reducing formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard (MDF) was investigated. For this purpose, expanded graphite (EG) was syntesyzed from graphite (G) and modified expanded graphite (MnO2-EG) was produced through the ...
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In this study, the effect of graphite and two modified graphite materials in reducing formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard (MDF) was investigated. For this purpose, expanded graphite (EG) was syntesyzed from graphite (G) and modified expanded graphite (MnO2-EG) was produced through the intercalation process of expanded graphite with manganese dioxide. Thus, three graphite materials were prepared for resin treatment. Molecular tests including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were performed to determine their molecular properties,. In addition, the differential scanning caliber test (DSC) test was performed to evaluate the thermal behavior of the resin under the influence of these graphite materials as additive. The additives were added to urea formaldehyde resin at three levels of consumption of 1, 2 and 3%, and then medium density fiberboard (MDF) with a density of 750 kg/m3 was made from glued fibers. After making the board, the formaldehyde emission test was performed by desiccator method. Overall, MnO2-EG showed better results than control and two other graphite treatments. The best performance was resulted by MnO2-EG at level 3% so that reduced formaldehyde emission by about 61%. It seams the formaldehyde molecules absorbed into the expanded graphite layers were exposed to oxidation by manganese dioxide molecules. On the other hand, as the DSC test showed, the highest anthalopy reaction occurred in resin treated by MnO2-EG, indicating an increase in the reaction of formaldehyde molecules in the resin structure.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani; Saman Ghahri; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, the resistance properties of nanocomposite plastic wood produced using 5 levels of cellulosic wastes (bagasse, corn stalk, rice stalk, sunflower stem and canola stem), three levels of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano silica, nanoclay) ) And urban polymer wastes (PP polypropylene and ...
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In this study, the resistance properties of nanocomposite plastic wood produced using 5 levels of cellulosic wastes (bagasse, corn stalk, rice stalk, sunflower stem and canola stem), three levels of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano silica, nanoclay) ) And urban polymer wastes (PP polypropylene and HDPE heavy polyethylene, etc.) were investigated. In order to chemically bind the wood / polymer fiber composites, chemicals and reinforcers (pairing agents) have been used due to the hydrophilic properties of cellulose fibers and plastic drainage. Extruders and hot presses were used to study the mechanical properties and bonding of composites. The results showed that the use of HDPE heavy polymer wastes increased tensile strength, flexural modulus and impact resistance to polypropylene wastes. Regarding the use of agricultural wastes and wastes in the construction of wood-plastic composites, in general, the results have shown that the addition of agricultural waste wastes in several types of plastic wood has significantly improved the bending and tensile properties. Among them, the bagasse stem has a significant advantage over other lignosullose materials. The use of polymer waste and agricultural waste using nano-silica has shown the best results of resistances. In general, the results have shown that the use of agricultural fiber wastes as reinforcers in plastic wood polymers have the expected mechanical properties.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Haji hassani
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was concentrated on the possibilty of untilizing corn cops residues in the production of particleboard. Two press temperatures of 170 and 180 oC, and four ratios of corn cop/poplar wood particles (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75) in the corn layer of the boards and 100% poplar ...
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The aim of this investigation was concentrated on the possibilty of untilizing corn cops residues in the production of particleboard. Two press temperatures of 170 and 180 oC, and four ratios of corn cop/poplar wood particles (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75) in the corn layer of the boards and 100% poplar wood particles in the surface layer were used. A combination of 16 treatments were reached and three laboratory boards for each treatment were made. Physical and mechanical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The grouping of the averages were based on duncan multiple range test. The results indicated that the influence of the press temperature on both modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity was statistically significante and boards produced applying 170 oC reached higher values. As the ratio of the corn cop particles in the particle mixture in core layer increased, both modulus of rupture and internal bonding deteriorated and the highest value were measured at 50/50 ratio of the particle in the core layer. The Boards which produced applying higher press temperature exhibited hgiher rate of thickness swelling . Lower ratios of the corn cop particle in the mixture of particles in the core layer improved the properties of the boards. So that the ratio of 50/50/ and 25/75 produced lower thickness swelling. The results of this research revealed that eventhough boards produced using corn cop particles did not produce comparable properties to the boards based on poplar particles, but it can be concluded that if 50/50 ratio of particles, press temperature of 170 oC is used for board making, the mechanical properties of the produced boards will meet the requirement of DIN specifications.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The of utilization corn stalk residues in combination with poplar wood for particleboard production is investigated. Four combinations of corn stalk and P.nigra particles (100% corn stalk; 75% corn stalk, 25% poplar wood; 50% corn stalk, 50% poplar wood and 25% corn stalk, 75% poplar wood) is used. Two ...
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The of utilization corn stalk residues in combination with poplar wood for particleboard production is investigated. Four combinations of corn stalk and P.nigra particles (100% corn stalk; 75% corn stalk, 25% poplar wood; 50% corn stalk, 50% poplar wood and 25% corn stalk, 75% poplar wood) is used. Two resin contents of 10 and 12% and two press temperatures of 170 and 180C is employed.
The results showed that increasing press temperature from 170 to 180C, decreased both MOR and MOE of boards and increasing resin content from 10 to 12%, improved MOR. When the ratio of poplar wood to corn stalk increases, both MOR and MOE of the boards increases and the highest values were reached at 50 and 75% poplar wood. Higher press temperature and lower ratio of corn stalk improved internal bond (IB). Higher press temperature, resin content and lower ratio of corn stalk, decreased thickness swelling. Based on the results, with application of either 25 to 50% corn stalk and press temperature of 170C, standard particleboard can be produced.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Ali Fatolahzadeh
Abstract
Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should ...
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Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should be investigated. The boards made for this study contained Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at 0: 100, 75: 25, 50: 50 and 25: 75 ratios as raw material. Samples of all the boards made were tested by the methods described in DIN 68763 standard, to obtain mean values of bending strength, internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling.The results of this study showed that there are no significant statistical differences among each combination for MOR and MOE but with increasing the percentage of wheat straw the MOR of boards was found to increase. There were statistical differences among each combination of IB wheat straw had the lowest IB, where as the highest IB were observed on the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp.In addition, samples of each type of board were tested for thickness swelling (T.S) after immersion in water for 2 and 24 hours respectively, and the results indicate that there were statistical differences among each combinations and the lowest thickness swelling value was belong to the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp. which had the highest IB. It was also observed that the board made of Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at with 25: 75 ratio had the highest T.S immersion in water after 2 and 24 hours.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abas Fakhryan
Abstract
Most industrial production processes need cooling water to operate efficiently and safely. Refineries، steel mills، petrochemical manufacturing plants، electric utilities and paper mills all rely heavily on equipment or processes that require efficient temperature control. Cooling water system control ...
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Most industrial production processes need cooling water to operate efficiently and safely. Refineries، steel mills، petrochemical manufacturing plants، electric utilities and paper mills all rely heavily on equipment or processes that require efficient temperature control. Cooling water system control these temperatures by transferring heat from hot process fluids into cooling water. As this happens، the cooling water itself gets hot before it can be used again it must either be cooled or replaced by a fresh supply of cold water. The aim of this study was utilizing domestic wood in cooling towers structure. For this purpose، five wood spices included: Hornbeam، Oak، Alder،Populus and Tehran pine (Eldarica pine) and also five different regions with different climate، included: electric plant Montazer ghaem from Karaj near of Tehran، electric plant Loshan from north of Iran، electric plant Dorcheh Esfahan from center of Iran and petrochemical manufacturing plants Bandar emam from south of Iran، have been chosen. Sampling have been done and treated with CCA. All samples were put in the cooling towers and were tested during the study period. (Mechanical tests such as specific gravity، static bending، compression parallel to grain and hardness). Based on this study، the mechanical properties of these spices during last four years were done. At the fifth year of study، virtual damages have not seen where as significant difference have been achieved in aspect of mechanical properties. Among of theses wood spices، Populous and Pinus eldarica had minimum mechanical degrade and it should be noted that Pinus eldarica spices had better quality than populous spices.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine ...
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Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resin, and two press temperatures of 175 and 185 ° C. OSB boards using poplar wood strands, 100 millimeters long were also produced as control samples. The results of strength measurements of the boards were statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and completely randomized block design. The grouping of the averages was based on Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the effect of the resin type on the flexural properties and internal bonding of the boards is statistically significant and boards produced using phenol formaldehyde resin exhibited the lowest modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding strength. However, the adhesive type did not statistically influence the physical properties. The strand length also statistically influenced the board strength properties and boards made using poplar strands showed higher strength compared to corn stalks strands. The thickness swelling of the poplar OSB was almost twice the values of corn stalks OSB but the water absorption of these boards was lower than of corn stalks OSB. Press temperature adversely affected the modulus of rupture and elasticity, but higher press temperature improved the internal bonding strength. Higher press temperature increased the physical properties of the boards.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The potential of cotton stalks residues for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients (10% core:10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables were produced. Then the mechanical and ...
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The potential of cotton stalks residues for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients (10% core:10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables were produced. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The results of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) measurements showed that as the resin dosage gradient increases, these properties increased and the effect of this variable on these properties was statistically significant. The highest values were reached when either 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients were applied. The effect of resin dosage gradient on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was also statistically significant and these properties were improved. The effect of press time on thickness swelling was also statistically significant and the lowest thickness swelling was observed at 5 minutes press time. The results indicated that if 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients and either 4 or 5 minutes press time is applied for the manufacturing of particleboards using cotton stalks residues, the specification of the boards meet the EN specification.
Composite wood products
Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In this study, the reinforcing effect of recycled newsprint paper (RNP) in cement boards has been investigated. The experiment was designed to apply two variable factors, RNP and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Cement-fiber boards with the density of 0.7 kg/m3 were manufactured using fiber/cement ratios of ...
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In this study, the reinforcing effect of recycled newsprint paper (RNP) in cement boards has been investigated. The experiment was designed to apply two variable factors, RNP and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Cement-fiber boards with the density of 0.7 kg/m3 were manufactured using fiber/cement ratios of 10:90, 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75 (w/w) and 3% and 5% CaCl2 as accelerator. Minimum four boards (replications) were fabricated for each combination of variables, and the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were evaluated. The statistical analysis showed that the effect of the RNP and CaCl2 contents on modulus of rupture of cement fiber boards were significant at 1% significant level. The results showed that addition of CaCl2 enhanced the mechanical properties of the boards. All properties of the boards were improved as the CaCl2 content was increased from 3% to 5%. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards decreased with addition of RNP, and the maximum values were obtained at RNP loading of 10%. The results also showed that as the fiber content was increased, significant increase in water absorption and thickness swelling occurred. Increasing RNP fiber content from 10% to 25% reduced both the mechanical and physical properties considerably. The optimum condition was obtained when the RNP and CaCl2 contents were 10% and 5%, respectively.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
Investigation on the Effect of Resin Gradient Consumption on Particleboard Properties Made Using Rose Flower Stalks Residues Abolfazl Kargarfard *Associate Prof., Wood and Paper Science and technology Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and rangeland, Tehran, Iran, kargarfard@rifr-ac.irAbstractThe ...
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Investigation on the Effect of Resin Gradient Consumption on Particleboard Properties Made Using Rose Flower Stalks Residues Abolfazl Kargarfard *Associate Prof., Wood and Paper Science and technology Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and rangeland, Tehran, Iran, kargarfard@rifr-ac.irAbstractThe potential of rose flower stalks for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients of 0, 2 and 4% (10% core: 10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables and boards were produced. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The results of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) measurements showed that as the resin dosage gradient increases, these properties improved and boards produced using either 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients generated the highest values. The effect of resin dosage gradient on these properties was statistically significant. As the resin dosage gradient increases, both thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was improved. The effect of press time on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was also statistically significant and these properties were improved when 5 minutes press time was used The results indicate that if 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients and either 4 or 5 minutes press time is applied for the manufacturing of particleboards using rose flower stalks residues, the specification of the boards will meet the EN specification.Keywords: Particleboard, Rose flower stalks, Resin dosage gradient, Mechanical Properties, Physical Properties
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The aim of this study has been utilization of recycled polyethylene in modification of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Therefore, three levels of resin consumption content ( 10, 7 and 4% ) and three levels of recycled polyethylene consumption content 5, 10 and 15% in surface layer ...
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The aim of this study has been utilization of recycled polyethylene in modification of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Therefore, three levels of resin consumption content ( 10, 7 and 4% ) and three levels of recycled polyethylene consumption content 5, 10 and 15% in surface layer of mat, particleboards produced. Also in order to influence of these variables on physical and mechanical properties of produced boards, 3 particleboards with 10% resin content in surface layer and without polyethylene as control samples produced. The physical and mechanical properties of boards measured and analyzed. The results of this study indicated that with increasing of the recycled polyethylene consumption content, the MOR, MOE and thickness swelling of boards improved significantly and the produced boards with 15% recycled polyethylene in compare with control boards increased 59 and 53% respectively. Also the results revealed that the water absorption of boards decreased with increasing of increasing of recycled polyethylene consumption content, and the minimum of water absorption of boards observed in the produced boards with 15% recycled polyethylene. Based on the results of this research and with increasing of polymeric residues in the envirement , we conclude that the utilization of recycled polyethylene in particleboard production has different advantages.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of the present study was the utilization of cotton stalk residues for medium density fiberboard production. MDF was produced applying Three press temperatures (170, 180, and 190 oC ) and three pressing times (3,4 and 5 minutes) were used to produce medium density fiberboard (MDF) ...
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AbstractThe objective of the present study was the utilization of cotton stalk residues for medium density fiberboard production. MDF was produced applying Three press temperatures (170, 180, and 190 oC ) and three pressing times (3,4 and 5 minutes) were used to produce medium density fiberboard (MDF) from cotton stalks fibers. The properties of the laboratory boards were measured and the results are analyzed applying factorial experiment and randomized design. In case, the statistical difference was observed between the averages, then Duncan Multiple Range Test was used for grouping the averages. The results showed that as either press temperature or press time is increased, the modulus of rupture of the of the boards was significantly improved and the highest value was reached when 190 oC press temperature and 5 minutes press time was applied. The internal bonding of the boards was significantly higher when 180 oC press temperature was applied. The effect of press temperature on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was statistically significant and the lowest values were obtained when 190 oC press temperature was used. The results of this study indicated that the cotton stalks can be considered as a potential raw material for medium density fiberboard production and the properties of the boards meets the EN requirements.
Composite wood products
Hossein Rangavar; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Mohammad saleh Hosseini fard
Abstract
In this study, the effect of type II and III Portland cement and the use of undepithed and depithed sunflower stalks particles (Helianthus Annuus) with percentages of different mixing ratio of the poplar wood particles (Populous alba) with 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 respectively in the manufacturing ...
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In this study, the effect of type II and III Portland cement and the use of undepithed and depithed sunflower stalks particles (Helianthus Annuus) with percentages of different mixing ratio of the poplar wood particles (Populous alba) with 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 respectively in the manufacturing of wood-cement composites were studied. Physical and mechanical properties of boards were measured as the effect of lignocellulosic material (sunflower stalks andpoplar wood) and Portland cement type (II and III) on the cement setting time. The results of the study showed that the lignocellulosic material reduced the hydration reaction and increased cement setting time. In this regard, sunflower stalks particles in comparison with poplar wood particles increased cement setting time intensively. The boards made from type III Portland cement had better mechanical strength and physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling reduced) than with type II Portland cement. In comparison with poplar wood particles usage, the use of sunflower stalks particles and more amount of it caused to mechanical properties decreases and increased the water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 h water immersion. Therefore the best characteristics were obtained in boards made from 100 percent poplar wood particles. In other hands, using depithed sunflower stalks particles caused to improved the physical and mechanical characteristics. In general, it can be concluded that 25 percent of depithed sunflower stalks particles relative to poplar wood particles (relative to mass lignocellulosic materials( with type III Portland cement in the manufactured wood-cement boards has suitable physical and mechanical properties for usage of these boards in interior building applications.
Composite wood products
Amir Norbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this research the impact of micro cellulose particles length, and coupling agent (MAPP) on the mechanical and thermal properties of Nano/ wood plastics composites were investigated. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composites made with 50 micron micro cellulose particles and 5 ...
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In this research the impact of micro cellulose particles length, and coupling agent (MAPP) on the mechanical and thermal properties of Nano/ wood plastics composites were investigated. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composites made with 50 micron micro cellulose particles and 5 % of MAPP were significantly different to those of the lower length (20 micron) and 2.5% of MAPP. Addition of MAPP enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends, due to the improvement of interface bond between the filler and matrix of Nano/ wood plastics composites. The significant improvements in mechanical properties of the blended composites made with MAPP and NC were further supported by SEM and TEM micrographs. Nano/ clay particles distribution and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the addition of 5% MAPP and the longer micro cellulose particles remarkably increased the thermal stability of the blends compared to other treatments of Nano/ wood plastics composites.
Composite wood products
Taherh Gholipor
Abstract
In this study the effect of type of polymer including polyvinyl chloride and high density polyethylene in production of wood plastic composite by using of canola straw waste in two forms, with and without pith (depithed), in combination with wood flour were investigated. Five levels of lignocellulosic ...
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In this study the effect of type of polymer including polyvinyl chloride and high density polyethylene in production of wood plastic composite by using of canola straw waste in two forms, with and without pith (depithed), in combination with wood flour were investigated. Five levels of lignocellulosic materials were used consisting of 100 % wood flour, 100% canola flour including pith, 100% depithed canola flour, 50% wood flour plus 50% canola flour with pith and 50% wood flour plus 50% depithed canola flour. Physical properties of boards including, thickness swelling and water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water and mechanical properties such as screw withdrawal strength perpendicular on the surface, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity according to EN were evaluated. The results of this study showed that wood plastic composite made of high density polyethylene had better physical and mechanical properties compared with polyvinyl chloride and using of canola flour combined with wood flour lead to increasing flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, but decreased screw withdrawal strength perpendicular on the surface. Using of lignocellulosic filler material by combining of 50% wood flour plus 50 % depithed canola flour combined with high density polyethylene powder can be produced wood plastic composite board with suitable physical and mechanical properties.
Composite wood products
Hossein Rangavar; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Mohammad Hamedbazzi
Abstract
In this study the effect of adhesive types and coated veneer on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were studied. Two types of coating, including natural veneer of beech and artificial veneer of High Paper Lamination (HPL, formica) and three types of adhesive composition including ...
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In this study the effect of adhesive types and coated veneer on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were studied. Two types of coating, including natural veneer of beech and artificial veneer of High Paper Lamination (HPL, formica) and three types of adhesive composition including (100 % UF), (15% PVA + 85 % UF) and (25% PVA + 75% UF) were used to stick the veneer on particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated according to the EN and ASTM standards. The results of this study showed that increasing PVA resin mixed with UF adhesive, in natural and artificial veneers covering, improved the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. Also, the results indicate that the beech veneer boards are more adhesive than formica. However, formica coated boards compared with beech veneer boards, showed higher bending strength and higher modulus of elasticity. It is evident that the water absorption and thickness swelling values in formica coating boards were less than the beech veneer. Collectively, for production of wooden furniture such as library shelves and cabinets, formica decorative coatings must be used to improve the bending strength. The formica decorative coatings are high in abrasion resistance and stable in humid environment. To stick formica decorative coatings on particleboards, the recommended mix design is 25% PVA and 75% UF resin.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to produce natural fiber –plastic composite using soy straw powder as reinforcing component and to investigate the effect of nano-clay particles addition on the mechanical properties of the composite. Two levels of soy straw powder (35 and 45%) based on ...
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Abstract The objective of this study was to produce natural fiber –plastic composite using soy straw powder as reinforcing component and to investigate the effect of nano-clay particles addition on the mechanical properties of the composite. Two levels of soy straw powder (35 and 45%) based on the weight of the composite, three levels of nano-clay (0,3 and 6%) based on the weight of the polypropylene as the matrix was used. Five percent Maleic Anhydride Ploy Propylene (MAPP) was added as the coupling agent. Composites compound was made and then
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Ardlan Doreemam; Vahidreza Safdari; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Ajang Tajdini
Abstract
In this study, the effect of using waste of Alnus subcordata and Poplar wood in manufacturing particle board was investigated. The particle boards were produced by adding (0-25-50-75-100)% alder branches with poplar wood and two press temperatures 170°C and 180 °C. In total, 30 particleboards ...
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In this study, the effect of using waste of Alnus subcordata and Poplar wood in manufacturing particle board was investigated. The particle boards were produced by adding (0-25-50-75-100)% alder branches with poplar wood and two press temperatures 170°C and 180 °C. In total, 30 particleboards (10 treatments with 3 replications) were made and data was analyzed with complete randomized design. Results showed that particleboards which were made of 75% alder branches and 25% poplar wood with press temperature of 180 °C had the most flexural strength. In addition, this study manifests that the increase of alder branches up to 25% led to the enhancement of modulus of elasticity of particle boards while adding more than 25% caused in the decrease of the modulus of elasticity. The increase of alder branches would augment the internal bounding and thickness swelling of particleboards. Therefore, the particleboards of 100% alder branches had the best internal bonding. However, this research concluded that the press temperature would not any significant effects on mechanical and physical characteristics.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to study the potential of bagasse fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of three grades (Eastman G-3003, G-3015 and G-3216) of coupling agents on the mechanical properties were also studied. In the sample preparation, ...
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The main objective of this research was to study the potential of bagasse fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of three grades (Eastman G-3003, G-3015 and G-3216) of coupling agents on the mechanical properties were also studied. In the sample preparation, one level of fiber loading (40 wt.%) and three levels of coupling agent content (0, 2 and 4 wt.%) were used. For overall trend, with addition of three grades of the coupling agents, tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composites significantly improved, as compared with untreated samples. In addition, morphological study (SEM) revealed that the positive effect of coupling agent on interfacial bonding. The composites treated with G-3216 gave better results in comparison with G-3003 and G-3015 in which, There are some voids where the fibers have been pulled-out. The presence of these voids means that the interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix polymer is weak. This could be caused by the high melt viscosity of G-3216 Coupling agent.
Amir Zamani; Ahmad Jahan Latibari; Aghang Tajdini; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this investigation, the surface chemical properties of the beech wood layers were characterized and the impact of drying condition on the strength of the bond was examined. Defect free beech logs were harvested and then the layers were prepared. The moisture content of the specimens were adjusted ...
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In this investigation, the surface chemical properties of the beech wood layers were characterized and the impact of drying condition on the strength of the bond was examined. Defect free beech logs were harvested and then the layers were prepared. The moisture content of the specimens were adjusted at 30, 40 and 50% (dry basis) and then the specimens were air dried under the environment of 30% relative humidity and 21ºC to reach the equilibrium moisture content of about 10% (dry basis). The pH and buffering capacity of the surface layer and the layer 0.5 mm underneath the surface were measured. The dried specimens were bonded using urea-formaldehyde resin and the tensile strength and wood failure were measured using relevant ASTM method. The results showed that as the moisture content prior to air drying was increased, the tensile strength was reduced, but the effect of this variable on tensile strength was not statistically significant. However, the effect of moisture content on wood failure was statistically significant at 99% significance level. The effect of the pH of the under layer on both tensile strength and wood failure was statistically significant at 95%. As the moisture content of the wood increased, the pH of the surface layer increased and the strength of the bond with urea-formaldehyde resin was deteriorated. At higher initial moisture of the wood, the alkaline buffering capacity of the surface layer was lower and its effect of the strength was not statistically significant, but it was significant on wood failure at 99% level. The alkaline buffering capacity of under layer was also changed and statistically affected the bond strength and wood failure at 95% level. The higher alkaline buffering capacity of the under layer adversely affected the tensile strength of the bond. The lowest acid buffering capacity was measured from specimens with 40% initial moisture content and as the acid buffering capacity was increased, the tensile strength was reduced and the wood failure was higher. The impact of surface layer acid buffering capacity on tensile strength was on statistically significant, but on wood failure was statistically significant at 99% level.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Reza Jazayeri; ّFardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The objective of the present study was the utilization of rose flower residues for the production of medium density fiberboard. MDF was produced applying two moisture gradients of 0 and 4% between surface and core layer, two press temperatures of 175 and 185 °C and three pressing times ...
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The objective of the present study was the utilization of rose flower residues for the production of medium density fiberboard. MDF was produced applying two moisture gradients of 0 and 4% between surface and core layer, two press temperatures of 175 and 185 °C and three pressing times of 3,4 and 5 minutes. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and complete randomized design. In case statistical difference was observed between the averages, then Duncn multiple range test was used for grouping of the averages. The results revealed that the moisture gradient statistically influenced the flexural strength and internal bonding of the boards. In both moisture gradients, the internal bond of the boards increased and the maximum was reached when 5 minutes pressing time was applied. The pressing time also statistically influenced the thickness swelling and the lowest values were measured on boards pressed for five minutes. Generally, the strength properties of the boards were in accordance with the required specification of EN standard, which indicates that rose flower residue can be considered as a suitable raw material for medium density fiberboard production.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Moghgan Kouhpayehzadeh
Abstract
The suitability of using Iranian grown giant milkweed fibers (GFs) as a new raw material for thermoplastic composites was investigated. The polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix polymer and the maleated polypropylene, Epolene G- 3003TM, was used as coupling agent. In the sample preparation, four ...
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The suitability of using Iranian grown giant milkweed fibers (GFs) as a new raw material for thermoplastic composites was investigated. The polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix polymer and the maleated polypropylene, Epolene G- 3003TM, was used as coupling agent. In the sample preparation, four levels of fiber loading (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) and three levels of coupling agent content (0, 1.5, and 3 wt%) were applied and the mechanical properties of composites are analyzed. GF/PP composites were prepared by a melt compounding process in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The results showed that with the addition of coupling agent, both tensile and flexural properties improved considerably compared with control specimens (without coupling agent). As expected, notched Izod impact strength was significantly decreased as the mixing ratio of fiber increased. The results of the present study revealed that composites with good strength properties could be successfully developed using GF as the reinforcing agent. The Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) is determined following the test procedure outlined in ASTM. High HDT in this study showed that coupling agent at3 wt% and fiber loadiny either 30 or 40 wt% were superior compared with other treatments.
Ghoncheh Rassam; Masoud Azadifar; Abolfazl Karegarfard; Faezeh Fazeli
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made using corn stalk. Mixtures of corn stalks and industrial wood particles at the ratios of 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, urea-melamine formaldehyde resin at two levels of 10 and 12% (based on the dry weight ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made using corn stalk. Mixtures of corn stalks and industrial wood particles at the ratios of 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, urea-melamine formaldehyde resin at two levels of 10 and 12% (based on the dry weight of the particles) and two press times of 5 and 6 minutes were used for the production of laboratory particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption and thickness swelling after 24 hours soaking in water, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding were measured and the data were statistically analyzed. It was observed that the increase in corn stalk particles in the mixture resulted in reduction of water absorption, thickness swelling after 24- hours water soaking and the internal bonding. The modulus of rupture and elasticity of the boards were increased at higher ration of corn stalk particles. The higher dosage of resin and higher press time imposed significant effect on all properties boards and improving properties were reached. In general, comparing the produced boards properties with EN 312 requirements, the boards produced using 70% corn stalk particles, 12% urea-melamine formaldehyde and 6 minutes press time showed optimal properties.
taherh Gholipour; Hossein Rangavar; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this study, physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite made of Canola stem flour and polypropylene were investigated. Variable factors were four levels of canola stem flour (25, 50, 75 and 100 percent based on the dry weight of the wood flour) with and without pit. The control samples ...
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In this study, physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite made of Canola stem flour and polypropylene were investigated. Variable factors were four levels of canola stem flour (25, 50, 75 and 100 percent based on the dry weight of the wood flour) with and without pit. The control samples were made of only wood flour and polypropylene. Physical and mechanical properties including screw withdrawal strength perpendicular on the surface, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water were measured in accordance with EN standards. Results showed that increasing the mixing ratio of canola stem flour to wood flour up to 25% resulted in increase in screw withdrawal strength perpendicular to the surface. Increasing this factor up to 50% led to increase in MOR and MOE. Thereafter, any increase in the mixture, decreased mechanical strengths. Increasing the mixing ratio of canola stem flour to wood flour resulted in increase in water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hrs. The specimens without pit showed lowest amount of water absorption and thickness swelling levels and highest mechanical properties (screw withdrawal resistance, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity).
