Masoudreza Habibi; Saeed Mahdavi; Vahid Pezeshki; Farshid Niromand; Hossein Familian
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Bagasse alkaline treatment (hydroxide sodium) on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) properties. For this purpose, wet depitted and storage bagasse was used. Cooking process was done for fibers preraring in 10 liters digester. Liqure to bagasse ratio ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Bagasse alkaline treatment (hydroxide sodium) on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) properties. For this purpose, wet depitted and storage bagasse was used. Cooking process was done for fibers preraring in 10 liters digester. Liqure to bagasse ratio was 10 to 1. Hydroxide sodium content was 0%, 4% and 5% based on oven dry weigth of bagasse. Cooking time and temperature were 5 min and 170 centigrade respectively. Fiber slides were obtained by using optical microscope. Chemical components such as holocelloulose and lignin contents were determined. Liqures pH was mesearued before and after cooking. Urea formaldehyde resin was used for MDF producing. Resin content was 12% based on oven dried bagasse. Bending properties (MOR & MOE), internal bonding and thickness swelling of the boards were determined based on EN-310, EN-319 and EN-317 respectively. The results showed that when using 4% alkaline treatment, were seen the minimum fibers cutting and crusing. With increasing of hydroxide sodium content, lignin content decreased and holocelloulose increased. Bulk density increased when increasing hydroxide sodium content. The maximum MOR, MOE and internal bonding of the boards were obtained in 4% hydroxide sodium content. Also thickness swelling of the boards was minimum.
Saeed Mahdavi; masoudreza habibi; Kamyar Salehi; Hossein Familian; kermanian hossein
Abstract
The common reed, P.australis, covers vast region in south of Iran. Specially, there is possibility of executing harvest in Hoor-Alazim canebrake as a reed natural provenance. It has good properties for papermaking in comparison of typical nonwood materials. Chips were pulped using typical kraft, soda ...
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The common reed, P.australis, covers vast region in south of Iran. Specially, there is possibility of executing harvest in Hoor-Alazim canebrake as a reed natural provenance. It has good properties for papermaking in comparison of typical nonwood materials. Chips were pulped using typical kraft, soda and NSSC processes. Standard testing of pulp properties was made using TAPPI procedures. Pulps were beaten in a PFI mill to 400m.l.csf freeness level. Handsheets were made from the refined reed pulps for measuring strengths. Screen yield and kappa number of soda pulp were about similar to kraft pulp. NSSC pulp has lower kappa number than the soda at the equivalent screen yield. Energy consumption for beating from kraft, soda and NSSC pulps reduced respectively. Initial freeness of reed pulp was near to hardwood typical, thus good drainage and runnability on reed papermaking is expectable. The physical properties of reed handsheets were higher than newsprint and fluting pulps of Mazandaran Company. Overall, soda and NSSC reed pulps can be used in producing of newsprint and fluting papers based on the properties.
Physics and anatomy
Hossein Familian; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad hassan Asareh; Sayed mosa Sadeghi; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to ...
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Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. It seems necessary to recognize the best utilization of this wood that are potentially available and easy to caltivate in Iran.The results of this study revealed that Ziziphus spina - christi is a diffuse - porous with pores round to oval, dense, hard and fine - textured wood. The length of vessel elements is medium, and the diameter relative high, few vessels per unit area and the type of perforation plates is simple. Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric and rarely aliform. Libriform fibers length medium, thin to thick - walled. Rays 1-2 cells wide with medium length and not visible with nakedeye, crystals are common in most rays. In this species also percentages of cellulose and lignin are high but ash and extractive soluble in acetone content was found to be low.
Physics and anatomy
Kamyar Salehi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, 16/11mm, and 3/9mm respectively.Cotton stem oven-dry density, basic density, and air-dry density were measured at 0/44 gr./cm3, 0.4Ogr/cm3, and .42gr/cm3.Shrinkage and swelling was measured at 7.7 %, 8.3% and porosity was measured at 70.5%.Chemical composition was as follow: cellulose 52%, lignin 29.2%, ash 104% and extractives 6.8%.Anatomical features were as follow: Growth ring boundaries distinct or absent Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal or radial pattern grouping:partly solitary partly in radial multiples of 2-4-6 or very small cluster Simple perforation plate. Intervesse pit alternate. Intervessel pit size: minute -< 4mm. Vestured pits absent. Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple Helical Thickening absent. Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50-100mm. Vessels per square millimeter 20-40 vessels. Mean vessel element length - < 350mm. Tyloses Gums & deposits absent. Fiber with simple to minutely bordered pits. Helical thickening in ground tissue fibers absent.Nonseptate fiber present. Fibers very thin walled. Rays with multi seriate portion as wide as uniseriate portion. Aggregate rays absent. Ray height> 1mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright And square marginal cells Ray per millimeter 4-12/mm.
Physics and anatomy
Saeed Mahdavi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian; masoudreza habibi
Abstract
Cross sectional disks were cut at breast height from three 17-year-old trees of E.camaldulensis grown in Pasand research station in Mazandaran province. Ring width, wood density, and fiber dimension were measured for each two rings from pith to the bark. Overall average disks, fiber length, fiber width, ...
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Cross sectional disks were cut at breast height from three 17-year-old trees of E.camaldulensis grown in Pasand research station in Mazandaran province. Ring width, wood density, and fiber dimension were measured for each two rings from pith to the bark. Overall average disks, fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured at 758, 15.93, 8.63, and 3.65 micrometer respectively. Mean values for the oven dry and basic. Density was 0.708 g/cm3 and 0.552 g/cm3. Cross sectional \ growth rate and wood production for the trees were measured at 11.1 mm and 12.3 m3/ha./year respectively. Chemical compositions of the wood consist or cellulose, lignin, extractives (in acetone soluble) and ash were measured at 47.44%, 30.87%, 6.96%, and 0.27% respectively. The result showed that E.camaldulensis is classified as short fiber hardwood with low frequency. Fiber dimensions and density slightly increased from pith to the bark. There was high significant correlation between cell wall thickness and density, while; there was no significant correlation between ring width and the others. Among the properties studied, cell wall thickness and fiber length showed the most variations.
Physics and anatomy
masoudreza habibi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Hossein Familian; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
In this study, annual growth, bark content, fiher dimensions of pine wood (P. eldarica) were measured. Annual ring thickness and bark content 4.95 mm, 12.15% are determined respectively. Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, cell wall thickness were determined 2.26 mm, 39.63m 29.06 m and ...
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In this study, annual growth, bark content, fiher dimensions of pine wood (P. eldarica) were measured. Annual ring thickness and bark content 4.95 mm, 12.15% are determined respectively. Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, cell wall thickness were determined 2.26 mm, 39.63m 29.06 m and 5.28 m respectively. Also felting coefficient 58.59, tear coefficient 36.24% and flexibility coefficient 18.12%were measured. Trend of variations of fibers dimensions indicated that fibers longth increased with increasing tree height from butt to crown. Also this property increased from pith to tenth annuad ring then decreased toward of bark. Cell wall thickness decreased from butt to 2 m. height and then increased. Also cell wall thickness decreased from pith toward bark.
Physics and anatomy
Hossein Familian; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad hassan Asareh; Saeed Mahdavi; Sayed mosa Sadeghi; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Ziziphus lotus of the family Rhamnaceae is distributed in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of drought - resistant tree species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. The ...
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Ziziphus lotus of the family Rhamnaceae is distributed in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of drought - resistant tree species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. The results of this study revealed that Ziziphus lotus is a diffuse – porous with basic specific gravity medium and medium - textured wood. The length of vessel elements are medium, the diameter of vessel elements is small, porous with pores round to oval, intervessel pilting, opposite and intermediate, 20 vessels per square millimeter, simple perforation plates, vessel - ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape and half bordered; Vascular tracheids present, there are rarely tyloses and Gums in vessels. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits, thin - to thick – walled and fiber lengths short; Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric and rarely aliform; Ray uniseriate and sometimes biseriate, ray height is short, rays with procumbent, Square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray and one Prismatic crystals in chambered upright and square ray cells, rays 12 per mm, silica bodies in ray cells; There are 7-10 Schizogenous canals in pith.In this species also percentages of cellulose are high but ash and extractive soluble in acetone content was found to be low.
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Habialah Arabtabar; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Familian; Nayeralsadat Sadraei; Masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalytus steriaticalyx from Dehnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were ...
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Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalytus steriaticalyx from Dehnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood.The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM samples for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. steriaticalyx from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.935, fiber length of 0.881 mm, fiber diameter of 16.063 m, lumen diameter of 4.465 m, cell wall thickness 5.789 m, cellulose content of 47.07 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 67.35 MPa, 8649 MPa and 35.36 MPa and air- condition were 117.53 MPa, 13397 MPa and 72.31 MPa respectively.Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
Physics and anatomy
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian; Kamyar Salehi; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Fardad Golbabaei; Habibalah Arabtabar; Nayeralsadat Sadraei
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus intertexta from Sarab bahman experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) ...
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Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus intertexta from Sarab bahman experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood. The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM methods for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. intertexta from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.86, fiber length of 0.71 mm, fiber diameter of 25.26 mm, lumen diameter of 4.04 mm, cell wall thickness 5.62 mm, cellulose content of 45.95; lignin 28.2; extractives soluble in alcohol - Banzen 4.28 and ash 0.62 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 74.21 MPa, 8454 MPa and 38.52 MPa and air-dried condition were 123.47 MPa, 14667 MPa and 77.99 MPa respectively. Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
Hossein Familian; Davood Parsa pazhoh; Abdilrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari
Abstract
In this investigation, Biological, Anatomical, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Phragmites australis Var australis (Cav) Trin. Where investigated in nine plots, at the Hooralazim in southern Iran and talab Anzali in northern of Iran. investigation of biological characteristics indicated ...
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In this investigation, Biological, Anatomical, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Phragmites australis Var australis (Cav) Trin. Where investigated in nine plots, at the Hooralazim in southern Iran and talab Anzali in northern of Iran. investigation of biological characteristics indicated that the mean culm diameter the culm pith diameter and internod length of reeds in the north is more than south. The average biological characteristics of P. australis is: culm length, 5.17 mm.; culm diameter, 13.99 mm. culm pith diameter 10.98 mm.; culm wall-thickness, 1.33mm.; Number of nods, 31 and internod length, 10.22 cm. Investigation of Physical characteristics indicated that, density, shrinkage and swelling, in samplaes from south is significantly higher than samples from north. The investigation of chemical characteristics indicated that, there is not significant difference between chemical characteristics.
Physics and anatomy
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Hossein Familian; Saeed Mahdavi; Sayed javad Sepidehdam
Abstract
In this investigation, samples were collected from three tamarix species including: Tamarix meyeri from northern part and T. aphylla and T. strica from the southern parts of Iran. Nine dominat tamarix trees were felled, three for each species. From each tree 10 cm thick cross-sections at three different ...
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In this investigation, samples were collected from three tamarix species including: Tamarix meyeri from northern part and T. aphylla and T. strica from the southern parts of Iran. Nine dominat tamarix trees were felled, three for each species. From each tree 10 cm thick cross-sections at three different heights (5, 25 and 50% of the tree height) were cut. These disks were used for anatomical study, and remaining logs were transferred to laboratory for physical and chemical tests. The results of this study revealed that wood from these three species of tamarix is considered unsuitable for pulping and in the case, It is used for pulping, the pulp yield will be low and the strength of the pulp will be quite low, which is the consequence of short and thick-walled fibers that will not provide adequate fiber bonding. In addition, because of the large diameter and thick-walled fibers, the strength properties of the woods are also low.
