Pulp and paper
Ramin Vaysi; Hossien Resalati; Rabi Behrooze
Abstract
Background and aim: Currently, in Iran, CMP pulp and newsprint are produced from about 50% birch, 20% poplar, and about 30% mixtures of other wood species. To improve the strength properties and runbility of the papers during production and printing, it is necessary to use about 17% imported long fibers. ...
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Background and aim: Currently, in Iran, CMP pulp and newsprint are produced from about 50% birch, 20% poplar, and about 30% mixtures of other wood species. To improve the strength properties and runbility of the papers during production and printing, it is necessary to use about 17% imported long fibers. This imported pulp, which is usually coniferous kraft pulp and is imported into Iran from other countries (Finland), creates dependency and causes large amounts of foreign exchange to be spent and withdrawn from the country annually. On the other hand, in the Behshahr Linter-Pak factory, which is located in distance about 50 kilometers from Mazandaran Wood and Paper industries (MWPI), more than 10,000 tons of purified cotton linter are produced annually. Which is of great importance due to its convenient availability, ease and low cost of transporting the material. For this purpose, this research was conducted with the aim of using cotton linter instead of imported long fiber pulp in newsprint.Materials and methods: To conduct this research, test samples of purified cotton linter from the Behshahr Linter-Pak factory, imported long fiber pulp and CMP pulp from the MWPI were randomly selected. In the first stage, freeness, fiber classification and biometric properties of their fibers were measured. Then, using a PFI mill laboratory refiner, imported long fiber pulp and cotton linter were refined to freeness of 500, 450, and 400 CSF, and CMP pulp was refined to freeness of CSF450, 400, and 350 CSF. In the next step, the refined pulp of imported long fibers and cotton linters was mixed separately and in proportions of 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent with the CMP pulp of MWPI. The handsheets with a basis weight of 60 gr/m2 was prepared from selected samples and according to TAPPI standard tests. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical properties of the prepared papers, accordingly, the brightness, yellowness and opacity of handsheets was determined. Then, the strength properties, especially the tear strength, burst, tensile and breaking length of the handsheets were measured and compared using standard TAPPI tests.Results: The results of the classification of cotton linter fibers and imported long fibers showed that the weight percentage of long fibers (14 and 48 meshes) of cotton linter and its dispersion were higher and its fine particles (fines) were lower than imported long fibers. Biometric characteristics of cotton linter fibers and imported long fibers showed that the average fiber length, felting and flexibility coefficients of cotton linter fibers were higher, and their total diameter, lumen diameter, double wall thickness, and Runkel coefficient were lower than those of imported long fibers. Also, with increasing refining rounds (rpm), the freeness in long fibers and cotton linter showed a decreasing trend. By increasing the percentage of cotton linter and imported long fibers mixed from 10 to 25 percent, the brightness and yellowness of the handsheets improved and its opacity decreased. By adding long fibers and cotton linter and a mixture of cotton linter + long fibers from 10 to 25% to CMP pulp, tensile, burst, tear strengths, and breaking length increased. This increase is milder with the addition of cotton linter to CMP pulp. The paper made from adding cotton linter to CMP pulp has always had the lowest strength properties, and paper made from adding imported long fibers to CMP pulp has had the highest strength properties.Discussion: Given that cotton linter does not respond well to refining due to its crystalline structure, beater may be more suitable due to its longer and gentler refining. In this regard, the strength properties of paper made from cotton linters have always been lower than those of imported long- fibers. However, the use of a mixture of cotton linter + long fibers, especially in freeness of 400 and 450 CSF, can replace a portion of imported long fibers in newsprint due to its suitable optical and strength properties comparable to imported long fibers.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Veisi; Rabi Behroz; Iman Khajeh Ali
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of ECF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulp. For this purpose, some soda unbleached pulps were randomly selected from Pars mill. Then these pulps were bleached with OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages by oxygen, chlorine dioxide ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of ECF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulp. For this purpose, some soda unbleached pulps were randomly selected from Pars mill. Then these pulps were bleached with OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages by oxygen, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The hand sheets with 60 gr/m2 were prepared from soda unbleached and bleached from EH(control), OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages pulps, then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI Standard test methods. The results showed that residual lignin and kappa number decreased following above-mentioned of bleaching stages. The brightness, greenness and K/S ratio were increased in bagasse soda pulps by bleaching. In different treatments, the brightness, opacity, absorbance coefficient, burst, breaking length, tensile, tear strength sensible increased in OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D as compared with EH (control) mill bleaching stages. In general, first OD(Ep)P stage, then OD(Ep)D were better than EH (control) mill stage in more of were measured properties.
