Chemical conversion
Saeed Hasani; Mohammad Talaei poor; behzad baziyar; Amir Homan Hemmasi; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, black poplar (Populus nigra) cut from Zanjan province was used in two age groups of 18 and 38- year-old. Timbers with thicknesses of 4, 5 and 6 cm were prepared from each age group. The prepared timbers were modified during the heat treatment process (Thermowood) at a constant ...
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AbstractIn this study, black poplar (Populus nigra) cut from Zanjan province was used in two age groups of 18 and 38- year-old. Timbers with thicknesses of 4, 5 and 6 cm were prepared from each age group. The prepared timbers were modified during the heat treatment process (Thermowood) at a constant temperature of 212 °C. Experimental samples were obtained from the surface and middle depth of heat-treated timbers. Heat-treated and control wood samples were subjected to accelerated weathering for 150 hours. Color lightness (L*), color difference (ΔΕ*) and water droplet contact angle were measured for heat-treated and control samples before and after weathering. In order to investigation of the wettability content, the method of measuring the contact angle of the water drop - static according to the ASTM D 5946 standard was used. In general, before weathering, the brightness of the heat-treated samples decreased compared to the control sample, but after weathering, the color lightness of the control samples decreased and the color lightness of the heat-treated samples increased. Also, the content of color difference of samples after weathering compared to before weathering showed a significant decrease statistically. Heat treatment increased the contact angle of water droplets of the samples 60.31% and the contact angle of water droplets of the heat-treated and control samples increased significantly after weathering compared to before weathering.
Majid Salehi; Mohammad Talaei poor; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
The use of various pretreatments, including the torrefaction process, in order to increase the efficiency and optimize the consumption of fuel briquettes, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Therefore, in this research, torrefaction pretreatment at 180 ºC temperature was used to modify ...
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The use of various pretreatments, including the torrefaction process, in order to increase the efficiency and optimize the consumption of fuel briquettes, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Therefore, in this research, torrefaction pretreatment at 180 ºC temperature was used to modify bagasse biomass. In addition, lignin binding agent was used at levels of 2, 5 and 10%. Fuel briquettes weighing 30 grams were prepared using a manual briquetting machine. The physical, resistance and thermal characteristics of the resulting briquettes were investigated. The results showed that torrefaction pre-treatment by increasing the volumetric density of the resulting briquettes and increasing the amount of fixed carbon up to about 50% was able to increase the heating value of the briquettes up to about 10%, on the other hand, this process led to a decrease in the compressive strength of the resulting briquettes, which is used lignin as a binding agent could compensate a significant amount of this resistance drop. The results showed that the number of volatile substances of briquettes was reduced by 9% with torrefaction pre-treatment, which has a significant effect on reducing the pollution of these briquettes. In the study of the effect of lignin, it was also observed that with the increase in the consumption of lignin, the density and calorific value also increased. In general, the results of this research show that the use of lignin binding agent together with torrefaction pre-treatment can make possible the production of high-quality fuel briquettes from bagasse.
Mohammad hamed Shojaie; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Mohammad Talaei poor; Esmail Ghasemi
Abstract
Utilization of ionizing rays like gamma-ray in polymers to correct their properties has attracted so much attention from researchers. Therefore, in this study, polypropylene as the composite matrix, maleic anhydride (MAPP) as the compatibilizer material, and poplar wood as the filler were placed under ...
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Utilization of ionizing rays like gamma-ray in polymers to correct their properties has attracted so much attention from researchers. Therefore, in this study, polypropylene as the composite matrix, maleic anhydride (MAPP) as the compatibilizer material, and poplar wood as the filler were placed under the radiation of gamma-ray with different doses from 0 to 75 kGy. The white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor) and, brown rot fungi (Gloeophyllum Trabeum) were used in fungal decay test. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the probable benefits of gamma-ray radiation for improvement of some of the composites physical and mechanical properties, and also, to investigate the biodegradation in fungal decay and thermal properties. The results indicates that radiation of gamma-ray improves the physical and mechanical properties of some structures, and the decay resistance of the WPCs against brown and white rot fungus according to their weight losses. The uniformity of the micrographs obtained from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that the interaction between the polymer and wood fibers.
Mohammad Reza topa esfandiyari; Mohammad Talaei poor; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; behzad baziyar
Abstract
This study uses soda lignin to modify it with furfural as adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood Poplar wood. Producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin-furfural 30% (L.70-F.30), lignin- furfural 60% (L.40-F.60) were used as the adhesive at three different levels ( 120 140 ...
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This study uses soda lignin to modify it with furfural as adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood Poplar wood. Producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin-furfural 30% (L.70-F.30), lignin- furfural 60% (L.40-F.60) were used as the adhesive at three different levels ( 120 140 160gm2) accompanied with ammonium chloride (1%) as the hardener and wheat flour (30%) as the filler based on the dry weight of the adhesive. Plates made with urea formaldehyde resin at 160 g/m2 were produced as control samples. characteristics of adhesives included solid material percentage, viscosity, specific weight and PH were measured. After producing the laboratory boards, the physical and mechanical properties of samples, such as thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of being soaked in water, shear strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity were measured. The results indicate that independent and interactive effects of adhesive and its consumption level on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood are not statistically significant. And in all cases, the control boards had better properties than the lignin adhesives
Mostafa Kohantorabi; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Mohammad Talaei poor; Mehran Roohnia; Behzad Baziyar
Abstract
One of the problems of non-destructive tests in the detection of the inhomogeneities in wood and wood products is their location relative to the vibrating node and antinode. Thus, the hidden inhomogeneities located at the vibration node in such materials may not have any effects on the dynamic modulus ...
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One of the problems of non-destructive tests in the detection of the inhomogeneities in wood and wood products is their location relative to the vibrating node and antinode. Thus, the hidden inhomogeneities located at the vibration node in such materials may not have any effects on the dynamic modulus of elasticity and may not be detectable. In this study, we investigated the development of simple end-to-end joint in oak beams (Quercus castaneifolia) with dimensions of 72×4×2 cm (longitudinal×Radial×Tangential), with blocks removed from the areas of 0.06 and 0.50 cm of the beam length. The blocks were removed from the same beam as the joint was developed. The results indicated that developing a joint in 0.50 cm of the beam length has no significant effect on values obtained from the dynamic modulus of elasticity while creating this joint in 0.06 cm of the beam length has a significant effect on values obtained from the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Also, in both joints, the damping and acoustic converting efficiency values were increased and decreased, respectively. The amount of these changes was more in the area of 0.06 cm of beam length. In general, it can be said that due to the effect of vibrating node and antinode and on the other hand, the location of the joint in both areas, the acoustic conversion efficiency factor is a suitable factor to estimate the location of the joint or the inhomogeneity itself.
Yashar Einollahi; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Esmaeil Ghasemi; Mohammad Talaei poor
Abstract
Considering the increase of environmental pollutant resulted from agglomerating rubbish and wastes containing stable petroleum-based polymers, substitution of these polymers with bio-polymers and solving their problems and defects in the production process as well as the final products is an important ...
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Considering the increase of environmental pollutant resulted from agglomerating rubbish and wastes containing stable petroleum-based polymers, substitution of these polymers with bio-polymers and solving their problems and defects in the production process as well as the final products is an important topic. In this study, the possibility of the production of poly lactic acid (PLA)-rice husk composite with acceptable properties, and also the effect of using flame retardant mineral fillers of aluminum three hydrates (ATH) and magnesium di-hydroxide (MDH) on physical and thermal properties of the produced composite were investigated. Results indicated that the density of PLA-rice husk composite was higher than petroleum-based polymers composites (PP/HDPE-rice husk composites); and flame retardant mineral fillers addition led to an increase in the composite density. Also, flame retardant mineral fillers addition decreased the composite water absorption and thickness swelling, in a way that they were comparable with petroleum-based polymers composites. Results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that flame retardant mineral fillers addition also decreased the temperature of the composite weight loss curve peaks, and the weight loss rate toward temperature rising.
Mohammad Reza topa esfandiyari; Mohammad Talaei poor; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
This study uses the Lignin-Glyoxal adhesive to replace chemical resins with environmental compounds producing plywood. producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin- glyoxal 15% (L.85-G.15), lignin-glyoxal 30% (L.70-G.30) and Urea-formaldehyde (control) were used as adhesive at 160 gr/m2 level. Accompanied ...
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This study uses the Lignin-Glyoxal adhesive to replace chemical resins with environmental compounds producing plywood. producing plywood, pure Lignin (L.100%), lignin- glyoxal 15% (L.85-G.15), lignin-glyoxal 30% (L.70-G.30) and Urea-formaldehyde (control) were used as adhesive at 160 gr/m2 level. Accompanied with ammonium chloride (1%) as the hardener and wheat flour (30%) as the filler based on the dry weight of the adhesive characteristics of adhesives included solid material percentage, viscosity, specific weight and PH were measured. After producing the laboratory boards, the physical and mechanical properties of samples, such as thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of being soaked in water, shear strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity were measured. In addition, the groups and bonds in the pure lignin and lignin-gloxal adhesives were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the independent effect of adhesive type on the thickness swelling of plywood after 2 and 24 hours was significant. Although the results suggest that modifying the lignin would improve the plywood in all cases, the control boards had better featurers than those made with the Lignin-Glyoxal adhesive.
Mohammad Ali Hossein; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; behzad baziyar; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
The effect of applying the sequence of enzymatic treatment and refining was investigated on the properties of deinked pulp from mixed office waste paper (MOW). Refining was applied for 700 and 1500 revolutions. Enzymatic treatment was applied for 60 minutes with temperature of 60°C and 13% of consistency. ...
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The effect of applying the sequence of enzymatic treatment and refining was investigated on the properties of deinked pulp from mixed office waste paper (MOW). Refining was applied for 700 and 1500 revolutions. Enzymatic treatment was applied for 60 minutes with temperature of 60°C and 13% of consistency. Applying enzymatic treatment led to decrease in strength properties of paper and also decrease in freeness of the pulp. The refining process resulted in increase of paper properties and decrease in freeness of the pulp. By applying enzymatic treatment before refining, the freeness of pulp changed significantly so that, the freeness of the pulp was 496 and 390 for 700 and 1500 refining revolution respectively just for refining but these numbers changed to 397 and 544 for same revolutions for “enzymatic treatment + refining” sequence. In a normal condition increase of refining revolution lead to decrease in pulp freeness but that was interestingly the freeness increased for 1500 refining revolution. This means that the enzymatic treatment was effective. Generally, refining itself improved the quality parameters of pulp and paper, but applying this process after enzymatic treatment changed everything.
Composite wood products
Farhad Ghotbaldin; Habib alah Khademieslam; Amir Nourbakhsh; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study polymerization conditions and important production factors, the amount of resin and press temperature, on physical and mechanical properties of produced boards by urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) were compared. Purify UF resin (control treatment) ...
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An experiment was conducted to study polymerization conditions and important production factors, the amount of resin and press temperature, on physical and mechanical properties of produced boards by urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) were compared. Purify UF resin (control treatment) and its mixture with MUF at 25, 50 and 75% proportions in 170 and 180˚C temperature were used to make homogen particle boards. The proportion of resin to particles was 10 percent by dry weight. Other production factors were assumed as fix factors. Eight experimental groups (treatment) with three replications per each were studied. Produced particles were derived from species Alnus subcordata. Physical and mechanical properties measurement prepared samples were based on European EN standard. Examined Physical characteristics were water absorption and thickness swelling and mechanical characteristics were modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and so internal bond. The data were analyzed in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (4*2). Statistical significances among treatment means were determined by multiple range test of Duncan. The results of this study showed that physical and mechanical properties of boards were improved by increasing the level of MUF resin and temperature. Eventually, with consideration all results and so quality and economical aspects of produced particleboard by MUF resin and its comparison with control group we have concluded that 50 percent of MUF resin and 180 degree centigrade of press temperature are optimal levels.
Jafar Ebrahimpour Kasmani; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Amir homan Hamasi; Ahmad Samariha
Abstract
The strength properties of paper produced from pulp obtained after 1, 2 and 4 weeks treatment of hornbeam chips with the Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM - 1767 fungus was evaluated and compared with control samples. After preparing fungal specimens, hornbeam chips were exposed to this fungus for one ...
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The strength properties of paper produced from pulp obtained after 1, 2 and 4 weeks treatment of hornbeam chips with the Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM - 1767 fungus was evaluated and compared with control samples. After preparing fungal specimens, hornbeam chips were exposed to this fungus for one of the three periods of 1, 2 and 4 weeks at 39oC temperature and 65% relative humidity. Then CMP pulp was prepared using treated chips, chemical treatment temperature of 165oC, for either 80 or 90 minutes and sodium sulfite charge of 14, 18 and 22% (based on oven dry weight of the wood). The liquor to chips was constant at 7 to 1. The results showed that the CMP pulping yield from treated chips was lower than control sample and the reduction after treatments for 1, 2 and 4 weeks was almost 1.64, 2.84, 6.20 percent respectively. Also the strength indices of paper such as tensile strength, burst strength, tear strength and folding endurance paper prepared from treated chips were lower than control chips
Pulp and paper
Amir hooman Hamasi; Mehdi Sabor; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Mohammad Azadfallah
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of xylanase enzyme obtained from Trichoderma viride on APMP pulp from Populus nigra wood. Treatment temperature, time, enzyme dosage and pulp consistency were varied. The results demonstrated that treating by xylanase has considerable effects on ...
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The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of xylanase enzyme obtained from Trichoderma viride on APMP pulp from Populus nigra wood. Treatment temperature, time, enzyme dosage and pulp consistency were varied. The results demonstrated that treating by xylanase has considerable effects on pulp. Paper brightness improved in average 2.5% ISO and the highest gain was 4.5%. Also, using enzyme resulted in enhancement of tear and burst indices. Breaking length of paper from enzyme treated pulp was increased to 4098 meters. Further treatment by xylanase reduced the pulp yield by 2.78% as compared to sample without enzyme treatment. The impact of other treatment such as washing by distilled water and alkaline extraction revealed that these treatments did not have significantly effect on the results of enzyme treatment. The optimum temperature, time, enzyme dosage and pulp consistency were 40-50° C, 70 minutes, 10 U/g of oven dried pulp and 10% respectively.
Pulp and paper
Amir mohsen Nazry; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
The effects of different fines with different shape and size of mechanical Pulp on Paper Properties in two fractions was investigated. Fines was classified in two categories including fibrils and flakes , and then effect of these particles on pulp properties was studied.The fibril fraction was consist ...
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The effects of different fines with different shape and size of mechanical Pulp on Paper Properties in two fractions was investigated. Fines was classified in two categories including fibrils and flakes , and then effect of these particles on pulp properties was studied.The fibril fraction was consist of fibrillar material, i.e., ribbons, fibrils, and thin lamella particles. The flake fraction consist of flake like material i.e., fiber wall fragments and thick lamella. An advanced image analysis method was used to characterize the properties of fibrils and flakes. The results indicate that the fibrils and flake fractions have distinct characteristics and effect on sheet properties. The fibrils strongly affected the strength properties, while the flakes improved light scattering. Generally, the smaller size Particles afforded higher sheet density and strength. Fines content and fibrillar material are very important parameters in mechanical pulping and can also affect quality controlling of mechanical pulp and papermaking.
Farshad Sarkhosh rahmani; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
This study was carried out with the aim of producing fluting paper from wheat straw soda–AQ pulp and OCC pulp blend. Handsheets at 120 gr/m2 basis weight were made by blending the unbleached wheat straw pulp with OCC pulp at ratios of 25, 50 and 75%. Physical and strength properties of these papers ...
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This study was carried out with the aim of producing fluting paper from wheat straw soda–AQ pulp and OCC pulp blend. Handsheets at 120 gr/m2 basis weight were made by blending the unbleached wheat straw pulp with OCC pulp at ratios of 25, 50 and 75%. Physical and strength properties of these papers were measured and compared to unblended papers. Results indicated that, paper properties were considerably affected by incorporation of the wheat straw pulp. In other words, in case of utilizing wheat straw soda – AQ pulp in OCC pulp , acceptable physical and strength properties can be produced , so that , the incorporated 75% of wheat straw pulp to OCC pulp, the best thickness, air resistance, roughness, tear index, burst index, folding endurance, breaking length, CMT and RCT can be achieved. According to obtained results, unbleached wheat straw soda – AQ pulp can be used not only to enhance the physical and strength properties of fluting paper but also as a lignocellusic source for making fluting paper.
Khodadad Malmir cheghini; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Shademan Pormosa
Abstract
Paper and ink characteristics effect on print density were investigated. For this purpose three types of papers and four types of printing inks at 2 viscosities levels (25-30, 50-55) were used. Then characteristics of paper & ink were measured. Inks on sampled papers Printed and then printing ...
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Paper and ink characteristics effect on print density were investigated. For this purpose three types of papers and four types of printing inks at 2 viscosities levels (25-30, 50-55) were used. Then characteristics of paper & ink were measured. Inks on sampled papers Printed and then printing density was measured. Statistical analysis was conducted based on a complete randomized design in factorial experimental model and means were analyzed and grouped by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) using SPSS software. Result indicated that Solid content, pH and particles diameter of inks have significant effect on print density. While roughness and water absorption of papers do not have on significantly influences print density. There was not any significant different between two viscosity level and print density
Amir Eshraghi; Habib alah Khademeslami; Amir Nourbakhsh; Behzad Bazyar; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, ...
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In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, 3- %75 OCC +%25 aspen. Indeed in this study these two mentioned factors are variable and other factors such as press temperature: 165 ºC, press time: 5 minute, mat moisture %12, board density 0.75 g/cm3 and press pressure 30 kg/cm2 were constant. After the boards were manufactured according to DIN-68763 standard, were undergone different tests such as: bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding strength and thickness swelling after 2 & 24 hours immersion in water. The results indicate that second ratio(%50 OCC and %50 aspen chips) is proper for bending applications and the first ratio(%25 OCC and %75 aspen chips) is proper for tensile and thickness swelling applications. Therefore, applying the OCC more than %50 in manufacturing combination; result in decreasing the physical and mechanical properties. Moreover the results show that when the resin content increases, the board features improve.
Pulp and paper
Mohammad Talaeipoor; Habib alah Khademi eslam; Khodadad Malmir chegini
Abstract
Effect of roughness & water absorption of paper and ink characteristics on optical properties was investigated. For this purpose three type of paper and four type of printing ink was used.Then characteristics of paper & ink was measured. Inks on sampled papers Printed and then L, ...
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Effect of roughness & water absorption of paper and ink characteristics on optical properties was investigated. For this purpose three type of paper and four type of printing ink was used.Then characteristics of paper & ink was measured. Inks on sampled papers Printed and then L, a & b was measured. Result indicated that the effect of roughness and water absorption on L, a & b are not significant. But Solid content, PH and particles diameter of four type of ink on L, a & b have significant effect
Pulp and paper
Alireza Khakifiroz; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; Amir homman Hamasi; Hababalah Khadmieslam; Mohammad Talaei poor
Abstract
Permanent or durable paper is a kind of paper that has a high degree of permanence and is likely to retain the properties which influence readability and document handling when storing in a protected environment for a long period. Permanence depends mainly on the chemical stability of the paper itself. ...
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Permanent or durable paper is a kind of paper that has a high degree of permanence and is likely to retain the properties which influence readability and document handling when storing in a protected environment for a long period. Permanence depends mainly on the chemical stability of the paper itself. Stability may be impaired by chemical reactions involving the paper's own components and by reactive agents from the environment and human being i.e., from air or filing enclosures. Poor chemical stability produces a chain reaction which in long term storage has a pronounced adverse effect on the mechanical or optical properties of the document. The main reactions causing mechanical deterioration are acid hydrolysis and oxidation. Yellowing is due to photochemical and thermal processes. Whatever the fibers used to make paper are longer , alkaline paper making is used , cationic elements such as Fe+2, Fe+3, Cu+2, Mn+2 and kappa number of pulp are minor, it is expected that the paper made is more permanent .In this research imported bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp was used. The used pulp was refined according to tappi test method T248 cm-85 with PFI mill to reach freeness (300±25) CSF at number of beating revolutions 12000 .Hand sheets were made according to SCAN C25-65 standard with grammage 70.AKD sizing were used 2% oven dry weight of pulp and EDTA as chelating agent was used in concentrations 0 , 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 percent. For more assurance deionized water was used. furthermore, 20% calcium carbonate was used as residual alkaline and filler. Then hand sheets were laid under U.V radiation with wavelengths between 330 to 440 nm in 0,10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 hours interval and were conditioned in controlled temperature and relative humidity . pH of Extractive solutions were adjusted between 7 to 7.5 . At last, each strength indices were measured with three measurement frequencies and to compare the amount of mean strengths of produced handsheets, variation analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan test were used with SPSS software and the charts were drawn with Excel software.
Pulp and paper
Mohammad Talaei poor
Abstract
The effect of refining of recycled pulp on the optical, physical and mechanical properties of paper was investigated.The results showed that, except tear strength, all of mechanical strength of paper significantly increases by refining.While, by refining of recycled pulp the brightness increases but ...
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The effect of refining of recycled pulp on the optical, physical and mechanical properties of paper was investigated.The results showed that, except tear strength, all of mechanical strength of paper significantly increases by refining.While, by refining of recycled pulp the brightness increases but the opacity decreases.Also, caliper and roughness of paper decreases.Refining of recycled pulp result in increasing Porosity.
Pulp and paper
Amir mohsen Nazeri; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie
Abstract
The present study deals with effects of CMP fines on optical and physical properties of newsprint papers, for which, different batches for CMP fines (0%, 10%. 20%. 30%) of totally 80% pulp is taken, Where the remaining 20% of imported long fiber pulp was taken as fixed amount .
The study ...
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The present study deals with effects of CMP fines on optical and physical properties of newsprint papers, for which, different batches for CMP fines (0%, 10%. 20%. 30%) of totally 80% pulp is taken, Where the remaining 20% of imported long fiber pulp was taken as fixed amount .
The study focused on surving the effects of CMP fines on optical and physical properties of newsprint paper ,after mixing the pulps and making the handsheets .
Generally, the results show the increase in CMP fine amount lead to increase ,Air Resistance and Opacity and decrease Caliper and Roughness, Also that changes in CMP fines has no effect on Brightness .
