Chemical conversion
Seyyed Pedram Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Seyyed Peyman Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Asghar Tabei
Abstract
This study has been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of fibers and amount of chemical components of grapevine branches cultivated in Astara in province of Guilan. For this purpose the number of 53 branches, with same size and diameter, were cut from some grapevine and sent to laboratory ...
Read More
This study has been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of fibers and amount of chemical components of grapevine branches cultivated in Astara in province of Guilan. For this purpose the number of 53 branches, with same size and diameter, were cut from some grapevine and sent to laboratory of wood and paper industries in Islamic Azad university Astara branch. To separate the fibers and for studying their morphological characteristics, wooden chip sampling from the branches was conducted at 3 heights of them (5%, 50% and 75%). Fiber separation was done by method (Franklin 1954) and then dimensions of fibers and their biometric coefficients were determined. From a number of separated branches, wood flour was prepared in two modes of with skin and without skin and then, percentage of chemical components of them was determined according to TAPPI standard. The overall average percentage of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemi cellulose, cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, alcohol extractives, hot water extractives, cold water extractives and ash were measured as 87.59, 56.99, 30.59, 47.20, 25.16, 5.90, 2.53, 4.41, 1.79 and 1.79 percent, respectively. Also, the total average of fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were measured as 0.96 mm, 26.45 µm, 15.48 µm and 5.49 µm, respectively. Also, the total average of slenderness, flexibility and runkel coefficients were calculated as 36.29, 58.50 and 0.71, respectively. The results showed that, in the debarked branches of grapevine trees, the amounts of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemi cellulose and cellulose are more than with skin branches and debarked branches have less lignin, extractives and ash than with skin branches. Also. The results showed that dimensions of the fibers including fiber length, fiber diameter and fiber lumen diameter, except cell wall thickness, decreased with increasing of height.
Pulp and paper
Seyed_Pedram Hashemi; Asghar Tabei; Seyyed Peyman Hashemi
Abstract
In this study the effect of different values of peroxide in three levels 3%, 4%, 5% and sodium hydroxide in two levels 2%, 3%, on bleaching of tobacco stalks ( Nicotiana tabacum L. 'PVH 19') soda pulp was investigated. Tobacco stalks were soda pulped using 22% alkali in 170°C for 100 minutes. Produced ...
Read More
In this study the effect of different values of peroxide in three levels 3%, 4%, 5% and sodium hydroxide in two levels 2%, 3%, on bleaching of tobacco stalks ( Nicotiana tabacum L. 'PVH 19') soda pulp was investigated. Tobacco stalks were soda pulped using 22% alkali in 170°C for 100 minutes. Produced pulp had 37.1 % yield and kappa number 62. Bleaching process included two stages: chelating and alkali peroxide bleaching. Results indicated that brightness increased and kappa number decreased by increasing sodium hydroxide and peroxide Hydrogen level.The data related to 3% caustic soda and 5% peroxide treatment without chelating stage, indicated that initial chelating stage significantly affected on the brightness, kappa number and yield of the bleached pulp, and this treatment had the lowest brightness and the highest kappa number and yield among all treatments. Finally, 3% caustic soda-5% peroxide treatment with initial chelating stage had the highest brightness (44.50%) and the lowest yield (83.20%), was selected as the best treatment.
Pulp and paper
Seyyed Peyman Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Seyyed Pedram Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Asghar Tabei
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotianan tabacum) and an old industrial plant in the north, Iran to supply tobacco leaf to produce significant amounts of stem tobacco cultivation and the annual production is in the north of the country. In this research stems of tobacco variety Coker 347 randomly Gilan district, city of ...
Read More
Tobacco (Nicotianan tabacum) and an old industrial plant in the north, Iran to supply tobacco leaf to produce significant amounts of stem tobacco cultivation and the annual production is in the north of the country. In this research stems of tobacco variety Coker 347 randomly Gilan district, city of Astara was prepared according to the TAPPI standard test, wood flour were prepared and extractives were determined. The results showed that the mean shoot extractive tobacco varieties Coker 347 (10.41 percent). The extractive solvent toluene - ethanol volume ratio (2 : 1) of milled wood was extracted. Extractive made into a glass vial and transferred to the BSTFA reagent was added. Samples for one hour at room temperature and 70 ° C water bath and then by (GC / MS) were analyzed. Atotal of 11 chemical compounds in tobacco stem wood extractives variety Coker 347 were identified with different percentages of tobacco stem wood Coker 347 varieties exist. These compounds include, P- Prydyn , 1 – tri methyl Saylyl , 1,2 - benzene di- carboxyl acid , alpha - D - Golokopyranoz , 11, 8 – di methyl - 13 - (4 - aksu -1 - methyl ) , tri Floyver methyl isopropyl sulfide are the highest values.
Vahid Safdari; Seyyed Peyman Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Asghar Tabei; Seyyed Khalil Hosseinihashemi
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the non-wood species and its stalks are the main crop after harvesting which can be used in composite board and paper industry. For better use of this non-wood fibrous raw material, the evaluation of anatomical, morphological and chemical components are necessary. ...
Read More
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the non-wood species and its stalks are the main crop after harvesting which can be used in composite board and paper industry. For better use of this non-wood fibrous raw material, the evaluation of anatomical, morphological and chemical components are necessary. Tobacco stalks "Coker"cultivar 347 which is widely planted in Gilan province of Iran were randomly sampled. Anatomical properties (cross, tangential and radial sections) and morphological properties (fiber length, fiber diameter, and cell wall thickness) were measured and the indices and ratio of the fibers including: slenderness index, runkel index, flexibility ratio in three heights of stem (5%, 50% and 75%) were calculated. The Chemical components including: Cellulose, lignin, ash, alpha cellulose and hemicellulose of stem with bark and without bark were recorded according to related standards and the results were ststistically analyzed. Results showed that the chemical components of the tobacco stalk were desirable but the index of L/D of fibers were lower than many non-woods and hardwoods. Therefore, it is assumed that the paper produced from tobacco stalks do have suitable tear strength. The runkel index (2 cell wall thickness / fiber diameter) is close to hardwoods and many non-woods, Therefore, it is presumed that paper have appropriate tensile, burst and folding strength. It is predicted that tobacco stalks combined with softwoods with long fibers can produce good quality paper.
