Mechanical conversion of wood and wooden fittings
Morteza Nazerian; Alireza Rezaian; Mohamma Shamsiyan
Abstract
Bending strength of I-joist lightened via two methods of crinkleing and honeycombing using poplar species (Popolus deltoids) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) was studied. Investigated variables consisted of: a) type of flange, b) configuration of lightened core layer in web and c) thermal-pressure treatment ...
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Bending strength of I-joist lightened via two methods of crinkleing and honeycombing using poplar species (Popolus deltoids) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) was studied. Investigated variables consisted of: a) type of flange, b) configuration of lightened core layer in web and c) thermal-pressure treatment surface layers of web. Flange type at two levels: 1) LVL from poplar wood and 2) eucalyptus massive wood, configuration of web core layer at two level too: 1) crinkle and 2) honeycomb and type of treatment applied on surface layers of web which were prepared from poplar layies with 3 mm thick at two levels: 1) thrmo-compressed treated and 2) untreated veneers were selected. Mechanical properties of beam consisted of modulus of rapture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were selected and tested as dependent variables. Obtained results were analyzed in full factorial plot, statistically. After determination of results significance results, means of values were classified by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that using LVL from poplar unlike its low density had higher MOR and MOE values compared with eucalyptuse massive wood. Besides, in order to lighten beam, using honeycomb configuration in web core layer gave more strength to beam in comparison with crinkle configuration. Treatment of surface layers of web had not effect on bending strength, statistically.
Pulp and paper
Hamid reza Rudi; Morteza Nazeryan
Abstract
In this study, the effect of using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) treated pulp as mixed with refined OCC recycled pulp was investigated on paper physical properties. The LbL treatments were conducted to build 7 consecutive cationic and anionic starch layers. Afterwards, at three levels of 10, 20 and 30 percent, ...
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In this study, the effect of using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) treated pulp as mixed with refined OCC recycled pulp was investigated on paper physical properties. The LbL treatments were conducted to build 7 consecutive cationic and anionic starch layers. Afterwards, at three levels of 10, 20 and 30 percent, LbL-treated pulp was added to the 10, 15 and 20 minutes refined pulp. From mixed pulp, handsheets with basis weight of 60 g/m2 were prepared and its physical properties including: thickness, density, roughness and formation was examined. The results of LbL treatment using AFM micrographs indicated that the surface of fibers was covered with starch polymer particles by means of Layer-by-Layer treatment. Also, SEM micrographs confirm starch impregnated fibers surface and formation of rough surfaces. Analysis mutual effect of independent variables revealed that addition of LbL-treated pulp to the refined recycled pulp had only significant effect on paper thickness and surface roughness, while variation of refining time had significant influence on all physical properties. In current research, considering the results of ANOVA test and the mutual effect of the content of LbL-treated pulp and different refining time levels on the paper physical properties using response surface methodology, adding of 10 % of LbL-treated pulp to the OCC pulp and applying the refining time of about 18.66 minutes was selected as optimum condition.
Composite wood products
Morteza Nazeryan; Vahid Moazemi; Rahim Mohebi gargari
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of treatment effect of giant reed (Arundo donax) (untreated, heat-treated and hot-water-leached treatment) used in core layer of sandwich panel, and also the effect of weight ratio of almond shell powder to melamine/urea formaldehyde at three levels (3:97, 18:82 ...
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The aim of this study was the evaluation of treatment effect of giant reed (Arundo donax) (untreated, heat-treated and hot-water-leached treatment) used in core layer of sandwich panel, and also the effect of weight ratio of almond shell powder to melamine/urea formaldehyde at three levels (3:97, 18:82 and 33:67 w/w) on the dry- and wet-pull off adhesion (after 2 hours immersion in boiling water) of sandwich panel. Statistical analysis and Duncan multiple range test showed that the type of treatment of core layer particle and the ratio of almond shell powder to melamine/urea formaldehyde statistically influenced the dry and wet-pull off adhesion. According to the FTIR spectra obtained from samples made from particle treated with hot-water, the hot-water treatment caused an increase in number of hydrogen bonds. Macroscopic photos, also, showed that hot-water treatment created the best surface quality in order to forming desirable bond. Generally, panel manufactured from hot-water-treated particles in core layer and 33% of almond shell powder in glue line had the highest pull off adhesion in dry (5.01MPa) and wet (2.86 MPa) conditions.
Composite wood products
Sajad Akbari; Morteza Nazeryan; Saeid reza Farokhpayam; Babak Nosrati sheshkal
Abstract
In this study the possibility of using canola stalks mixed with poplar wood in the manufacture of particleboard was investigated. Weight ratio of canola particle to poplar particles at five levels (98, 93/75, 87/50, 81/25, 77%), the weight ratio of the urea-formaldehyde/melamine formaldehyde resin as ...
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In this study the possibility of using canola stalks mixed with poplar wood in the manufacture of particleboard was investigated. Weight ratio of canola particle to poplar particles at five levels (98, 93/75, 87/50, 81/25, 77%), the weight ratio of the urea-formaldehyde/melamine formaldehyde resin as a adhesive at five levels (23, 18/75, 12/50, 6/25, 2%) and moisture content of matt at five levels (10, 12, 15, 18, 20%) were selected as production variables. Mechanical properties of boards consist of MOR, MOE and IB was tested. According to the results, with increasing the canola stalks/poplar particle ratio MOR and MOE of the boards decreased, but all of the values obtained from treatments were higher than standard. Interaction effect analysis of variables showed that the increasing the ratio of melamine formaldehyde/urea formaldehyde resin decreased the bending strength, while the increasing the moisture of mat increased MOR and MOE. IB values of all treatments are lower than the standard. According to the results of response surface methodology (RSM) and interaction effect between studied variables on the mechanical properties of the panels, the best situation for producing the panels was selected as: weight ratio of 84/32 for canola/poplar particle, ratio of 6/25 for UF/MF resin and moisture content of 12% for mattress.
Composite wood products
Samaneh Mir; Saeid reza Farokh payam; Morteza Nazerian
Abstract
In this study the possibility of using urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde with different ratios of formaldehyde and melamine for manufacture lightweight particleboard by expanded polystyrene (EPS) was investigated. Experimental panels were made with 30 percent lighter that common particleboard ...
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In this study the possibility of using urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde with different ratios of formaldehyde and melamine for manufacture lightweight particleboard by expanded polystyrene (EPS) was investigated. Experimental panels were made with 30 percent lighter that common particleboard in 25 millimeters thickness and with wood particles that had been came from a factory. Urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde with two ratios different of melamine to urea, 40 to 60 and 20 to 80 were types of adhesive. Analysis of data and obtained averages on physical and mechanical properties indicated the best combination of EPS and used resins. Amino plastics adhesives showed good compatibility result with expanded polystyrene. As reducing of the weight of the panel was the most important target in this work, internal bonding (IB) result showed it was done. Because there was no any chemical reaction between EPS and phenolic resin as adhesive, it’s using was unsuccessful. Preliminary results especially internal bonding and physical properties revealed this lightweight panel is proper for defined applications. Furthermore, using melamine urea formaldehyde as adhesive was positive effects on IB and the highest IB was for the panel made with this resin and minimum EPS content. In comparison of common panels, this new panel with maximum melamine content and hydrophobic EPS showed better results on IB and physical properties.
Composite wood products
Morteza Nazeryan; Amin Dalirzadeh; Saeid reza Farokhpayam
Abstract
The effect of old corrugated container (OCC) powder as Urea Formaldehyde resin (UF) filler on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) prepared from bagasse fibers and waste MDF was investigated. The variables in this research were the ratio of UF resin powder to OCC (at five levels; 100:0, ...
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The effect of old corrugated container (OCC) powder as Urea Formaldehyde resin (UF) filler on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) prepared from bagasse fibers and waste MDF was investigated. The variables in this research were the ratio of UF resin powder to OCC (at five levels; 100:0, 5/5:1/98, 97:3, 5/5:4/95, and 94:6) and the ratio of bagasse fibers to waste MDF at five level; 100:0, 98:2, 96:4, 94:6 and 92:8).The constant variable in all treatments were 6 mm/min. press closing time and 150°Cpress temperature. Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA) after 24h, modulus of elasticity (MOR), modulus of rupture (MOE) and internal bonding (IB)) of panels were measured according to EN standard and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that OCC powder and MDF waste had significant effect on the bending strength and modulus of elasticity. An increase in OCC improved the internal bonding (IB) while IB was reduced by increasing of MDF waste. Minimum water absorption was found in panels with the maximum waste MDF. This means that the panels with 8 percent waste MDF had the least water absorption. Moreover, the panels with highest content of waste MDF had the least thickness swelling. No significant difference was found between the effects of various OCC powder content on the physical.
Composite wood products
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Morteza Nazeryan
Abstract
Decreasing availability of raw material for Iranian wood industries and the need to conserve our limited natural forests initiated research concerning the utilization of fast-growing species in particleboard production. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of particleboard production ...
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Decreasing availability of raw material for Iranian wood industries and the need to conserve our limited natural forests initiated research concerning the utilization of fast-growing species in particleboard production. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of particleboard production from wood of two- year- old coppices of 17 experimental populus clones grown under intensive culture in the "Alborz Research Center" near Tehran. The furnish contained mixture of stem and branch wood with bark used to make 51 sample boards (3 board from each clone). Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), thickness swelling and water absorption of the specimens were tested. The results indicate that sample boards made from Populus euramericana costanzo and populus euramericana 561.41 had significantly the highest MOR and MOE. But there was no significant differences in the internal bonding strength between different clones, while, those sample boards made from populus nigra betulifolia and Populus nigra nivea showed significantly the lowest percentages of thickness swelling. The average physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard samples produced from two- year- old coppices of poplar clones compared favourably to boards made from natural grown beech wood. Therefore, using UF resin, particleboard with acceptable quality particleboards can be produced from two- year- old poplar clones.
