Farhad Zeinaly; Ali Kazemi Tabrizi; Amirhosein Jafari Mofidabadi
Abstract
Growing industrial trees is one of the solutions to overcome the wood resources lack. Thus, for efficient investment in wood cultivation, some cases such as annual growth of cultivated species, species adaptation to the climate of the region, adaptation to the soil of the culture site and also the quality ...
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Growing industrial trees is one of the solutions to overcome the wood resources lack. Thus, for efficient investment in wood cultivation, some cases such as annual growth of cultivated species, species adaptation to the climate of the region, adaptation to the soil of the culture site and also the quality of the produced wood and its capability as a raw material used in lignocellulosic industries, must be regarded. One of the recently introduced extremely fast growing poplar cultivars is the “Mofid” hybrid poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv. × P. alba L.). Since the wood and wood-waste produced during the wood mechanical conversion, are used as the main source in the wood-plastic composite production, in this study, the use of 4-year-old Mofid” hybrid poplar wood-flour as filler in the polyethylene wood-plastic production was investigated. Results indicated that the composites with Mofid poplar lignocellulosic filler had acceptable mechanical and physical properties, in a way that they were comparable with the composites containing hardwoods wood-flour filler (control treatment). Results showed that the plasticity and irreversible-strain during applying force were less in poplar filler-composites, so the tensile and flexural moduli were higher than control composites. Results indicated that the use of poplar wood-flour reduced the impact resistance value. Also, among the treatments of 20, 30 and 40% filler, the 30% filler treatment had the highest mechanical properties. All samples had acceptable water-absorption and thickness-swelling characteristics.
Ali Kazemi Tabrizi; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Amir Hooman Hemmasi; Behzad Bazyar; Vahid Atghia
Abstract
Abstract In this study, acidified Luffa (AHS@L), by sulfonic acid, as an effective and biodegradable solid acid catalyst was produced. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results indicated that modified Luffa flour had an intense acidic property. The FT-IR analyze ...
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Abstract In this study, acidified Luffa (AHS@L), by sulfonic acid, as an effective and biodegradable solid acid catalyst was produced. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results indicated that modified Luffa flour had an intense acidic property. The FT-IR analyze show a broad peak at 3400cm-1 that improve the acidification of the Luffa surface. Also the XRD analyze clearly show the change in the morphology of Luffa after acidification. The TGA analyze show us the heat resistance of the catalyst up to 245 ° C and the SEM images clearly showed that the catalyst surface was hydrated as a result of acidification. The synthesized catalyst was used to protect the amines in the N-tert butyl carbamate reaction under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Different types of aliphatic and aromatic amines have been produced as related monocarbamates with excellent yields and short reaction times. This method was mild and selective and has advantages such as heterogeneous catalysis, low cost and catalyst recovery capability.
Pulp and paper
Farhad Zeinaly; Ali Kazemi Tabrizi; yashar Einollahi; Faraz Asadi Malek Jahan
Abstract
The first act to ameliorate bleaching process is the major elimination of lignin. Actually, the use of oxygen delignification stage before bleaching process is the essential stage in improving bleaching process and reducing process emission. In this study, the effect of conducting oxygen-delignifying ...
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The first act to ameliorate bleaching process is the major elimination of lignin. Actually, the use of oxygen delignification stage before bleaching process is the essential stage in improving bleaching process and reducing process emission. In this study, the effect of conducting oxygen-delignifying process under different process condition, on chemical, physical, mechanical and optical properties of kenaf bast kraft pulp was investigated. The kenaf bast kraft pulp with the kappa number of 22, 1154 ml/g viscosity, and 38% ISO brightness was prepared. Oxygen-delignifying treatments were carried out with three different temperatures of 90, 100 and 110°C, and two oxygen pressures of 5 and 7 bars, with and without magnesium sulfate addition. Results indicated that oxygen delignification treatment led to intense decrease in pulp kappa number, while the pulp viscosity did not change significantly. Results of measuring delignified pulp viscosity showed that the magnesium sulfate addition caused to prevention of pulp viscosity downfall. The increase in reaction temperature had a significant effect on the process improvement, but raising the oxygen pressure did not have a meaningful effect on the process. Also, the pulp brightness was increased about 7%.
Pulp and paper
Farhad Zeinaly; Ahmad Reza Saraeian; Mohammadhadi Aryaei monfared; Ali Kazemi Tabrizi
Abstract
In conducting environmentally friendly processes for pulp production, first step is to reduce the effluent pollution load in each stage, and because the bleaching process is the most polluting stage in the production of pulp, improving it is one of the most important matters. The first act to ameliorate ...
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In conducting environmentally friendly processes for pulp production, first step is to reduce the effluent pollution load in each stage, and because the bleaching process is the most polluting stage in the production of pulp, improving it is one of the most important matters. The first act to ameliorate bleaching process of chemical pulps is the reduction of colored materials, mostly lignin, which enter to the bleaching section. Thus, the use of oxygen delignification stage after pulping and before bleaching process is the key stage in improving process and cleaner production. In this study, the effect of conducting oxygen-delignifying treatment by two kinds of machines, and under different process condition, on chemical, physical, mechanical and optical properties of bagasse soda pulp was investigated. The bagasse soda pulp with the kappa number of 20, 955 ml/g viscosity, and 37% ISO brightness was prepared from Pars Hafttapeh Company. Oxygen-delignifying treatments were carried out with three different temperatures of 90, 100 and 110°C, and two oxygen pressures of 5 and 7 bars, with and without magnesium sulfate addition, by two kinds of machines. Results indicated that oxygen delignification treatment led to intense decrease in pulp kappa number, while the pulp viscosity did not change. Results of measuring delignified pulp viscosity showed that the magnesium sulfate addition caused to prevention of pulp viscosity downfall. The increase in reaction temperature had a significant effect on the process improvement, but raising the oxygen pressure did not have a meaningful effect on the process. The pulp brightness was increased about 4-6%. And also, due to the need of shorter time in order to reach the reaction temperature in the Iranian made machine, pulp delignifying by this machine was a little lower than Quantum machine.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Ali Kazemi tabrizi; Amir Nourbakhsh; Javad Sepidehdam
Abstract
In this study, the effect of fish waste powder, base material polyethylene , and also the quantity of coupling agent (MAPE) on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite were studied. For this purpose, wood powder at 40% was mixed with 60% of HDPE. Fish waste in three levels (5, 10 ...
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In this study, the effect of fish waste powder, base material polyethylene , and also the quantity of coupling agent (MAPE) on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite were studied. For this purpose, wood powder at 40% was mixed with 60% of HDPE. Fish waste in three levels (5, 10 and 15%) mixed into wood powder and coupling agent on three levels (0, 2 and 4) of HDPE in a blender at 180 °C and a speed rotating of 50 rpm, and samples were made with using of injection molding for standard tests. The mechanical properties: tensile and bending strength, bending and tensile modulus were investigated according of ASTM standards. This result suggests that increasing the amount of fish powder waste to 10%, increased bending strength while other strengths diminished. The amounts of all strengths were increased by increasing in percentage of coupling agent to 4%.The results shows that fish waste was suitable as a new material for wood plastics composites.
