Pulp and paper
Mehrnoosh Tavakoli; Ali Ghasemian; Mohammad Reza Dehghani Firouzabadi; Wojciech Grzeskowiak; Bartłomiej Mazela
Abstract
Background and objectives: The destructive effects of heat increasing in cellulose substrates, which are the basic materials for the packaging industries, high-quality hygiene packaging, and ammunition packaging, are obvious and inevitable. Therefore, it is essential to modify the structure of these ...
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Background and objectives: The destructive effects of heat increasing in cellulose substrates, which are the basic materials for the packaging industries, high-quality hygiene packaging, and ammunition packaging, are obvious and inevitable. Therefore, it is essential to modify the structure of these bio-based products with green and environmentally friendly materials, to increase their durability against heat.Methodology: In the current study, TEMPO-oxidized CNFs and CNCs, were initially and separately retarded using flame retardant mixtures, including dual “ammonium monophosphate+albumin”, “silica+methyltri-methoxysilane”, and quadruple “ammonium monophosphate+albumin+silica+methyltri-methoxysilane”. Using a rod coater, each combination was then coated individually on the produced cellulosic paperboards. Flame retardancy properties were evaluated by three thermal experiments, including a Mini Fire Tube, Limited Oxygen Index, and Mass Loss Calorimeter. Results: Based on the observed results, the role of mono-ammonium phosphate, due to the presence of phosphorus-containing groups as the driving force of the charring during combustion, was more prominent and significant in the dual coating mixture than the quadruple coating mixture, containing silica and phosphorus, both in the paperboards coated based on CNFs and paperboards coated based on CNCs. Comparison of the CNFs and CNCs based-flame retardant, as the main basis of the coating formulation, showed that paperboards coated with CNFs based-flame retardant, due to having amorphous and crystalline regions, had much lower amount of mass loss in the Mini Fire Tube test, almost similar Limited Oxygen Index, and Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) and Heat Release Rate (HRR) in the Mass Loss Calorimeter test, compared to those of the paperboard coated with CNCs based-flame retardant. Conclusion: In general, CNFs and CNCs based-flame retardants with mono-ammonium phosphate and albumin, even in low concentrations, can be used as effective retardants and replacements for conventional flame retardants, in high-quality cellulose-based packaging production.
Pulp and paper
somayeh heydari; Ahmad Reza Saraeyan; Mohammad Reza Dehghani Firouzabadi; Alireza Shakeri; babak shokri
Abstract
DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.100.66.1.9.1604 In this study, EVOH was coated on paper made of CMP pulp by extrusion method in order to improve the paper's barrier properties of oxygen transmission. Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) shows poor moisture resistance despite less gas permeability. Then, dimethoxydimethylsilane ...
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DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.100.66.1.9.1604 In this study, EVOH was coated on paper made of CMP pulp by extrusion method in order to improve the paper's barrier properties of oxygen transmission. Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) shows poor moisture resistance despite less gas permeability. Then, dimethoxydimethylsilane was deposited using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition on EVOH film as the hydrophobic layer. A random factorial experiment was designed with three factors at three levels including time (6-8-10 min), pressure (30-0400-500 m Torr), and radio frequency power (50-70-90 W). The contact angle, oxygen transmission rate, tensile strength, and strain energy were measured to obtain the optimum condition. Expert Design method using response surface was used to optimize the condition coating Dimethoxydimethylsilane in order to improve the hydrophobic properties, reduce OTR, increase tensile strength and strain energy. Based on this method the optimum condition was suggested as: time 6 min, pressure 499.99 m Torr and power 50W. Keywords: Extrusion , Contact angle, Oxygen transmission rate, Response Surface methodology.
