Hossein Yousefi; Elyas Afra; Davood Rasouli; mahdi mashkour
Abstract
In this study, paper and nanopaper were first produced and then treated with dodecyltriethoxysilane to prepare water repellent cellulose paper and nanopaper were made using dodecyltriethoxysilane. As the result of silane treatment, the hydrophilic surface of paper and nanopaper converted to hydrophobic ...
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In this study, paper and nanopaper were first produced and then treated with dodecyltriethoxysilane to prepare water repellent cellulose paper and nanopaper were made using dodecyltriethoxysilane. As the result of silane treatment, the hydrophilic surface of paper and nanopaper converted to hydrophobic surfaceones. The micrographs of FE-SEM confirmed the nano-scale size of cellulose nanofibers. XPS results showed that the surface of specimens contains silane. With the treatment of silane, the water droplet contact angle increased to 104 and 153 degree in nanopaper and 153 paper, respectivelydegree in paper. Because of this, the surface of treated paper can be regarded as super hydrophobic surface. TGA confirmed that the ash content of treated specimens were higher than those of untreated ones and also it was revealed that the silane treatment made a multi-layers coating on the surface of specimens. The treated specimens showed less water absorption and higher mechanical properties than untreated ones. The silane coupling treatment made water hydrophobic surfaces onof cellulose paper and nanopaper made them water-proof which can led to the development of their applications for outdoorshumid conditions.
Pulp and paper
Mohsen Mohammadi Achachlouei; Fahimeh Yousefi
Abstract
Paper is a dominant tool that is traditionally used for recording human knowledge and cultural heritage. Paper as organic material is at risk of biodegradation processes by various microorganisms including fungi, which cause irreversible degradation, color modification and instability of the historical ...
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Paper is a dominant tool that is traditionally used for recording human knowledge and cultural heritage. Paper as organic material is at risk of biodegradation processes by various microorganisms including fungi, which cause irreversible degradation, color modification and instability of the historical papers. Thus, the utilization of appropriate conservation methods and restoration treatments to minimize the adverse effects of fungi on historical papers have received great attention. Recently, Benomyl as an antifungal revealed a significant inhibitory effect on the fungal growth on the historical papers. In this study, the effect of Benomyl on gall ink as a popular and important ink used in cultural heritage was investigated. In a first step of the evaluation, the gall ink was prepared based on the historical recipes and then was implemented on surface on filter paper. The prepared samples were dipped into 100 ppm Benomyl-ethanol solution and aged after drying. The effect of Benomyl on gall ink was evaluated by the pH values of aqueous extracts, CIE Colorimetry, paper strengths, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. Results indicated that the Benomyl in concentration of 100 ppm had no adverse effect on the gall ink and paper surface. However, dipping of paper in the Benomyl-ethanol solution resulted in a significant loss of paper strengths. In order to overcome this problem, it would be necessary to use a suitable solvent or another technique such as spraying for surface application of Benomyl.
Management and Economics wood
mahboob abdolalizadeh; mehrnaz azadi boyaghchi; mohammad mohammadypour; mohsen mohammadi achachluei
Abstract
Paper works are more attacked by biological agents such as fungi, bacteria and insects due to its organic nature. In archives, most of the biological destruction of paper is related to fungi. The importance of paper works conservation has led to applying different methods to fungus removal. ...
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Paper works are more attacked by biological agents such as fungi, bacteria and insects due to its organic nature. In archives, most of the biological destruction of paper is related to fungi. The importance of paper works conservation has led to applying different methods to fungus removal. The chemical disinfection is of of the most common disinfection methods. In this research, the application of Thiophanate methyl in paper destructive fungi has been studied. Laboratory studies to evaluate the effects of Thiophanate methyl on paper and fungus include accelerated ageing, the evaluation of effectiveness of antifungal Thiophanate methyl on fungi such as Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusflavus and Penicilliurnsp and determination of antifungal stability after accelerated ageing. Examination shows that Thiophanate methyl has successfully prevented spread of fungus in all density of 10, 50, 100,200 and 500 ppm. Aspergillus flavus fungus had a slight growth at 10 ppm, but no growth were observed in other density. Aspergillusniger fungus had no growth capacity in density more than 100 ppm. According to the results, treated papers are still able to control fungus growth after being in accelerated ageing condition. In general, the results obtained by fungus growth halo and non-growth halo indicate that all fungi are controllable in density of 200 ppm.
Mahboob abdolalizadeh; Mehrnaz Azadi; Mohsen Mohammadi achzchluei
Abstract
The most of the fungicide that are used to prevent or stop the biological destruction of the historical papers have been used at the first time in domains of science and industrial So thiophanate methyl which is most useful in agriculture, have been tested in repairing and protection ...
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The most of the fungicide that are used to prevent or stop the biological destruction of the historical papers have been used at the first time in domains of science and industrial So thiophanate methyl which is most useful in agriculture, have been tested in repairing and protection of papers and it’s one of the most useful materials in agriculture antifungals.The main aim of this research was assessment of aesthetic and structural effects on paper after treatment by Thiophanate-methyl compound. Experimental method (laboratory experience) and library study wre applied in this research. ATR-FTIR spectra showed that spray of Thiophanate-methyl on paper did not produce any degradation effect. The compound had not changed aesthetical properties and pH values. Tensile strength of paper did not reduce due to the treatment. This indicates nondestructive effects of Thiophanate-methyl on paper which signifies its great capability for application in conservation and restoration of paper.
Pulp and paper
Mehran Roohnia; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Sayed Zyae Aldin Hosseini
Abstract
In this research, pulping of rinds from sunflower seeds by soda process is studied. Fiber length was 0.89 millimeters and its chemical content, contained 40.5% Cellulose, 30.5% Lignin, 3.33% Ash and 1.93% Extractives. Conditions of Soda process were three different soda consummations of (Chemical charge) ...
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In this research, pulping of rinds from sunflower seeds by soda process is studied. Fiber length was 0.89 millimeters and its chemical content, contained 40.5% Cellulose, 30.5% Lignin, 3.33% Ash and 1.93% Extractives. Conditions of Soda process were three different soda consummations of (Chemical charge) 14%, 16% and 18%. Liquor on rinds ratio, was equal to 6, and period of digestion was 30 minutes. Yield and Kappa number on the best choice of conditions of pulping (165 degree of centigrade temperature and 16% soda consumption) were measured respectively 55.7% and 74.96.Using PFImill, four kinds of pulps with four different free nesses were produced from the proper Pulp and were changed to hand sheets. Study on mechanical strength of hand sheets showed that beating has no effect on tear strength from 30 to 40 SR and it reduces this strength after more beating. Practically, no effect was observed on burst strength and breaking length during beating from 30SR to 60SR. This lignocellulose, agricultural residue is a cheap by-product in Sunflower-oil producer factories. Some of them is as a food for live-stocks and some is burned as a source of energy. Because of this, using rind from sunflower seeds in Paper and other cellulosic industries can be useful.
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 ...
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In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 for sapwood respectively. Mean of fiber length, diameter and cell wall thickness were measured at 0.78 mm, 15.68 mm and 4.560 mm for heartwood respectively. The corresponding figures for sapwood are 0.84 mm, 15.72 mm and 4.88 mm.Pulps were produce by two processes, Kraft (as a chemical process) and NSSC (as a semi-chemical process). Pulp properties of these two processes were compared. Yield and Kappa number of Pulp depend on cooking condition are 36.42-53.25 percent and 21.68-87.68 for Kraft Pulps and 64.59-70.91 percent and 130-189 for NSSC pulp respectively. Physical properties of pulps consist of burst and tear Index and breaking length were measured at 3.90-4.84 kPa.m2/g and 8.34-11.01 mN.m2/g and 5.36-6.94 Km for Kraft Pulps respectively. These properties for NSSC Pulp are 1.72-2.89 kPam2/g, 7.46-8.26 mNm2/g and 4.11-5.14 Km.
