Management and Economics wood
Ebrahim Farashiani; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Satar Zinali
Abstract
Sart long horn beetle (Aeolesthes sarta) is one of the most important pests of elm, walnut, poplar, sycamore and... in Iran. The wood of these trees is valuable and they can be attacked by A. sarta. For the first time in the world, during 1997 -2001, quality and quantity of damage of A. sarta on host ...
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Sart long horn beetle (Aeolesthes sarta) is one of the most important pests of elm, walnut, poplar, sycamore and... in Iran. The wood of these trees is valuable and they can be attacked by A. sarta. For the first time in the world, during 1997 -2001, quality and quantity of damage of A. sarta on host trees was investigated. To evaluate damage amount and reduction of wood production, the number and volume per cubic meter of galleries, and quantity of wood fed by the larvae were evaluated.Also for evaluation of quality damage, nonaffected wood as well as infected wood were compared in terms of economical and industrial values. The results indicated that the quantity damage on the wood of trees was considered as high and larvae fed about 20% of wood. In the mean time, because of dying of the trees, production of wood stopped completely.Sometimes, heartwood particularly pith of the trees was fed and about 50% Of trunk become hollow. Because of damages and existence of numerous galleries, the quality of wood has lowered and so wood has no industrial use and some of tree:species such as walnut and alder lost their economical value up to 90%.
Physics and anatomy
vahidreza safdari; shadman Pourmosa
Abstract
The Avicennia tree genus was named in honor of Ibn Sina, a 10th century Persian philosopher and physician known more commonly as Avicenna. In this paper wood anatomical property of Avicennia marina (Acanthaceae) which is one of the most important species of Iranian Mangrove forest has been investigated. ...
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The Avicennia tree genus was named in honor of Ibn Sina, a 10th century Persian philosopher and physician known more commonly as Avicenna. In this paper wood anatomical property of Avicennia marina (Acanthaceae) which is one of the most important species of Iranian Mangrove forest has been investigated. Wood samples were taken from trunk of three adult trees, and and micro -sectioned and dyed by Astrablue and Safranin O and finally mounted by Canada balsam. Also Wood chips (match size) were placed in equal parts of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide and were put in the oven at 60°C for 48 hours, then counted and stained on microscope slides. The presence of concentric included phloem which is surrounded by lignified conjunctive parenchyma (axial parenchyma) and scleroid bands are the most important anatomical characteristics of Avicenna marina. The variability of anatomical characteristics of Avicennia marina in different references can be attributed to grwoing site condition (altitude and latitude).
Management and Economics wood
Amir Tavakkoli; Ajang Tajdini; Mehran Roohnia; Ahmad Jahan latibari
Abstract
Corrugated board is considered as a valuable community for packaging at both international and domestic markets. Therefore for the development of corrugated board industry in Iran and to understand the variation in demand for this product, it's necessary to identify the consumption ...
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Corrugated board is considered as a valuable community for packaging at both international and domestic markets. Therefore for the development of corrugated board industry in Iran and to understand the variation in demand for this product, it's necessary to identify the consumption and production patterns as well as the most important and effective variables influencing it's status. Then the demand & supply for corrugated board can be forecasted. In this study, the dynamic econometric model has been used to demonstrate simultaneous relationship between supply and demand. Coefficients of the model were estimated using 3sls method with the time series data from 1981 to 2007. The results indicated that in the demand function, intercept, price, GNP in previous period, population, CPI, industrial added value(Iav), production index of large-scale industries(PILSI) and the war dummy variables are significant at 0.05 level. In the supply function, intercept, production quantity in previous period, inflation rate, corrugated board price-raw material price ratio in previous period, import quantity in previous period, cost price all in previous period and subsidy dummy variables are significant at 0.05 level. Results indicate that the mentioned variables influence consumption and production, simultaneously. The results of projection also demonstrate that corrugated board production & consumption will increase into 2012.
Management and Economics wood
Ebrahim Farashian; Hmid Yarmand; Majid Tavakkoli; Bahman Sadghyan; Hassan Ale mansor; Sayed mirsl Ahmadi
Abstract
The natural forests and rangelands of Iran are reach in their insect fauna. The survey caring out in many province of Iran during 1993-2005 and the long horn beetles (Cerambycidae) were collected from these areas. In this regard different setting of ecosystems such as forests, urban vicinities, poplar ...
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The natural forests and rangelands of Iran are reach in their insect fauna. The survey caring out in many province of Iran during 1993-2005 and the long horn beetles (Cerambycidae) were collected from these areas. In this regard different setting of ecosystems such as forests, urban vicinities, poplar plantations, poplar research stations, fruit garden, lumberyards in many part of Iran had been visited and the beetles Were captured directly by hand, light trap, sweeping net, chopping the infested logs of host trees.The collected specimens were identified and geographic distribution and economic importance of them were studied. Theretofore, about 80 specimens were identified and sixteen of them are the pest of different trees and they have economic importance. These specimens belong to four subfamilies namely Prioninae, Lamiinae, Cerambycinae and Parandrinae as follow: Prioninae (Megopis scabricernis Scopolu Prionus coriarius L.), Lamiinae (Saperda spp. L. Oberea oculata L., Morimus verecundus Faldermann, Monochamus sutor (L.), Cerambycinae (Osphranteria coerulescens Red, Cerambyx cerdo L., Xehopachys matthiesseni Reitt., Aeolesthes Sarta Solsky, Aromia moschata L., seudophilus testacyeus Gah., Derolus mauritanicus iranensis Gahan. Stromatium Fulvum Villers., Hylotrupes bajulus L.), Parandrinae (Parandra caspica Men).
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 ...
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In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 for sapwood respectively. Mean of fiber length, diameter and cell wall thickness were measured at 0.78 mm, 15.68 mm and 4.560 mm for heartwood respectively. The corresponding figures for sapwood are 0.84 mm, 15.72 mm and 4.88 mm.Pulps were produce by two processes, Kraft (as a chemical process) and NSSC (as a semi-chemical process). Pulp properties of these two processes were compared. Yield and Kappa number of Pulp depend on cooking condition are 36.42-53.25 percent and 21.68-87.68 for Kraft Pulps and 64.59-70.91 percent and 130-189 for NSSC pulp respectively. Physical properties of pulps consist of burst and tear Index and breaking length were measured at 3.90-4.84 kPa.m2/g and 8.34-11.01 mN.m2/g and 5.36-6.94 Km for Kraft Pulps respectively. These properties for NSSC Pulp are 1.72-2.89 kPam2/g, 7.46-8.26 mNm2/g and 4.11-5.14 Km.
