Physics and anatomy
Farshid Basiji; Vahid reza Safdari; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The objective of adding reinforcing fillers, such as natural fibers to plastics is to increase the strength compared with neat plastic and wood. In this research the effect of wood pulp fiber length (short, medium and long), aspect ratio and fiber content (27%, 37%, 47% and 0% (non-reinforced PP)) with ...
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The objective of adding reinforcing fillers, such as natural fibers to plastics is to increase the strength compared with neat plastic and wood. In this research the effect of wood pulp fiber length (short, medium and long), aspect ratio and fiber content (27%, 37%, 47% and 0% (non-reinforced PP)) with 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene on wood plastic composites (WPCs) has been studied. Results showed that increased fiber length or aspect ratio and fiber content increases mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus and MOE). Impact strength had an inverse correlation with fiber content and fiber length, but fiber content was a much more important factor than fiber length for impact strength. The impact strength of composite of softwood pulps was much higher than wood floor composite plastic. The significant interaction between fiber length and fiber content, and the lack of a specific trend in the treatments made assessment of the effect of fiber properties on MOR difficult.
Shima Ramezani; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Misam Aliabadi; Asghar Tabeai; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
Samples were prepared from the native poplar species (Populus alba) grown in Mehnan, a region in Bojnourd at the ages 5 and 25 and the anatomical, biometrical and chemical characteristics of the samples sections in three directions (cross section, radial and tangential) of the tree were measured. ...
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Samples were prepared from the native poplar species (Populus alba) grown in Mehnan, a region in Bojnourd at the ages 5 and 25 and the anatomical, biometrical and chemical characteristics of the samples sections in three directions (cross section, radial and tangential) of the tree were measured. Dioxan and Klason lignin were measured. Structural similarities in vascular cavities or impacted vessels in the form of binary, tripple or tetraploidy groups in juvenile and mature wood was observed primarily in radial direction. Fiber length and cell wall thickness variation in the juvenile and mature wood was significantly different and as the age of the tree increases, such difference is more significant. This point need to be considered by cellulose industries. As the age of the tree increase and the wood matures, significant change in vessel size in samples from 5 or 25 years old trees was not detected. The result showed that the older wood contains lower content of extractive and lignin and higher content of cellulose
Physics and anatomy
Neda Sakhavati; Moslem Akbari nia; Hoshangh Zanganeh
Abstract
Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill is among the important broad-leaved trees in Zagros forests. Good bending property and the pleasant aroma helped the tree species to find a long history of rural and local uses. Wood consumption is closely influenced by the physical, biometric and other engineering properties. ...
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Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill is among the important broad-leaved trees in Zagros forests. Good bending property and the pleasant aroma helped the tree species to find a long history of rural and local uses. Wood consumption is closely influenced by the physical, biometric and other engineering properties. Three sound trees were harvested and tested according to ASTM-D143 standards testing procedures. Results showed that Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill has semi-heavy wood with high bending ability. Its compression strength parallel strain was measured as 48.45 MPa. The average fiber length and fiber diameter was 0.71 mm and 19.85 m respectively. Mean volume shrinkage and swelling was measured as 6.09% and 6.69% respectively. The radiant and tangent shrinkage and swelling after 2 and 24 hour immersion in water was 19.65%, 19.74%, 19.9%, 19.89%, 20.62% and 21.16% respectively. Mean annual diameter growth as well as mean height growth were 4.96 mm and 0.31 m respectively.
Physics and anatomy
Meisam Aliabadi; Eiman Akbarpoor; Ahmadreza Saraeyan; Jalil Roshnasan
Abstract
This research was performed to investigate fiber biometrical properties (length, diameter and fiber thickness) of hornbeam species from Astara in Iran. Initially, disks were prepared with three trees of hornbeam species and then fiber isolation was carried out using Franklin method. Length, diameter ...
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This research was performed to investigate fiber biometrical properties (length, diameter and fiber thickness) of hornbeam species from Astara in Iran. Initially, disks were prepared with three trees of hornbeam species and then fiber isolation was carried out using Franklin method. Length, diameter and wall thickness of fiber provided were determined by laboratory microscope using eye scaled lens. The measurement of fiber dimensions was made at the pith region and at the distances of 2,6,12 and 15 centimeters and four geographical sides. The results indicated that length, diameter and wall thickness of fiber increased significantly with enhance of distance from pith. The highest fiber length, diameter and wall thickness obtained were 1.509 mm, 23.93 µm and 3.897 µm, respectively. The consequences attained from changing of fiber dimensions at various distances from pith to bark indicated that fiber dimensions change decreased by increase in distance from pith up to 15 cm and the highest change of fiber was observed at distance of 2-6 cm from pith. The results of measuring the fiber dimensions at various geographical sides didn't indicate any significant deference between the values of fiber length, diameter and wall thickness at 1% level of probability. The combined effects of distance from pith and different geographical sides also did not show any significant deference on fiber dimensions.
Pulp and paper
Reza Hosseinpoor; Ahmad Jahan - Latibari; Ajang Tajdini; Sayed javad Sapideh dam; Ramin Farnod
Abstract
The impact of chemical treatment variables including treatment time and temperature, chemical charge as well as pulp freeness on fiber quality of Colza stem chemi-mechanical pulp was studied using Fiber Quality Analyzer (FQA). Three treatment times (15, 30 and 45 minutes), two treatment temperatures ...
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The impact of chemical treatment variables including treatment time and temperature, chemical charge as well as pulp freeness on fiber quality of Colza stem chemi-mechanical pulp was studied using Fiber Quality Analyzer (FQA). Three treatment times (15, 30 and 45 minutes), two treatment temperatures (125 and 145 °C), two chemical charges (4% NaOH + 8% Na2SO3 and 8% NaOH +12% Na2SO3) as well as pulp refining were evaluated. The results revealed that at higher values of treatment variables, fiber average length was reduced and varied between 0.49 and 0.65 mm. However, the influence of pulp refining on fiber average length was not very pronounced. Pulps contained between 55 -63 % fines, which is on the high range and refining increased the fine content by 5%. Fiber coarseness varied between 10 and 41 mg/100m which was raised to 14 and 53 mg/100m upon refining. Even though refining did not alter fiber curl, but fiber kinks were increased.
Physics and anatomy
Davood Efhami; Ahmad reza Saraeyan
Abstract
In this study Populus alba native clone and Populus euramericana 476 clone trees from Gorgan University educative forest were used. Some applied anatomical and physical properties of these species were determined. Results showed that the juvenility age for both species is approximately 10 years .In both ...
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In this study Populus alba native clone and Populus euramericana 476 clone trees from Gorgan University educative forest were used. Some applied anatomical and physical properties of these species were determined. Results showed that the juvenility age for both species is approximately 10 years .In both species with increase of annual rings upto tenth ring the fiber length increase intensively. After tenth ring in P. alba this trend keep on slowly but in P. euramericana the average length of fiber decreased as increase of annual rings. With regard to the annual growth the juvenile wood percentage in the P. alba and euramericana species were 46.8% and 73.8%, respectively. Basic density of breast height in P. alba and P. euramericana species were 0.329 and 0.318 g/cm3 respectively, that increases from pith to bark. Furthermore there is significant difference between density of juvenile wood and mature wood in both species. The pattern of shrinkage in studied species had decreasing procedure from pith to bark.
Physics and anatomy
Saeed Mahdavi; masoudreza habibi
Abstract
Growing interest in wood and paper consumption in Iranian industries and forest utilization constraints call for alternative approaches on the exploitation trend. Lately, industrial countries consider utilization of small diameter trees and branches residual wood. European hornbeam with vast coverage ...
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Growing interest in wood and paper consumption in Iranian industries and forest utilization constraints call for alternative approaches on the exploitation trend. Lately, industrial countries consider utilization of small diameter trees and branches residual wood. European hornbeam with vast coverage among the other species in Iran can be an alternative to tree shortage of raw material for the sector. This study showed that the branch fiber dimensions have significantly differed compare to trunk.Average fiber length was measured as 1.76mm for breast height of three trunks and 1.43 mm for two branches samples. Fiber length increased from crown downward to the stump and also from pith to bark, but there was a significant negative correlation between the variations and tree height. Fiber length increased in trees of up to 30 years of age and decreased afterwards. There is no orderly pattern from tree base to the upper branches.Runkel and flexibility coefficients of branch were better than trunk despite of higher fiber dimensions in trunk.
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Nooshin Toghraie; Fardad Golbabaei; Nayeralsadat Sadraei
Abstract
In order to investigate The properties of wood eight-nineteen-years- old trees of Eucalyptus microtheca from De-hnow exprimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several ...
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In order to investigate The properties of wood eight-nineteen-years- old trees of Eucalyptus microtheca from De-hnow exprimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 metres intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transfered to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood. The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM samples for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. microtheca from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.804, fiber length of 0.811 mm, fiber diameter of 15.9 mm, lumen diameter of 5.7 mm, cell wall, thickness 5 mm, cellulose content of 44.47 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 72.50 MPa, 8066.6 MPa and 38.5 MPa and air-dried condition were 120.7 MPa, 12013.8 MPa and 69.80 MPa respectively.Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and et
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Habialah Arabtabar; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Familian; Nayeralsadat Sadraei; Masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalytus steriaticalyx from Dehnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were ...
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Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalytus steriaticalyx from Dehnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood.The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM samples for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. steriaticalyx from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.935, fiber length of 0.881 mm, fiber diameter of 16.063 m, lumen diameter of 4.465 m, cell wall thickness 5.789 m, cellulose content of 47.07 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 67.35 MPa, 8649 MPa and 35.36 MPa and air- condition were 117.53 MPa, 13397 MPa and 72.31 MPa respectively.Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
Physics and anatomy
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian; Kamyar Salehi; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Fardad Golbabaei; Habibalah Arabtabar; Nayeralsadat Sadraei
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus intertexta from Sarab bahman experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) ...
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Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus intertexta from Sarab bahman experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood. The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM methods for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. intertexta from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.86, fiber length of 0.71 mm, fiber diameter of 25.26 mm, lumen diameter of 4.04 mm, cell wall thickness 5.62 mm, cellulose content of 45.95; lignin 28.2; extractives soluble in alcohol - Banzen 4.28 and ash 0.62 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 74.21 MPa, 8454 MPa and 38.52 MPa and air-dried condition were 123.47 MPa, 14667 MPa and 77.99 MPa respectively. Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
