Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Ali Nourbakhsh; فرداد Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Background and objectives: The possibility of using agricultural lignocellulosic waste as a complementary raw material for the production of wood composite products can have a good economic justification. This will be possible if the manufactured product has the desired and standard quality, however, ...
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Background and objectives: The possibility of using agricultural lignocellulosic waste as a complementary raw material for the production of wood composite products can have a good economic justification. This will be possible if the manufactured product has the desired and standard quality, however, considering that the type of wood material can have a determining effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the final product, therefore, conducting laboratory and research studies in order to recommend A raw material is essential for consumption in industry. The use of agricultural lignocellulosic waste in wood composite products industries has been the subject of various research activities in different parts of the world in recent years. In this research, in order to improve the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic, nanoclay particles have been used as reinforcements and corncob wastes have been used with poplar wood.Methodology: The amount of polypropylene and combination of materials were 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels 0, 2 and 4 wt% and the amount of coupling agent was fixed and set to 2 wt% for all treatments. The control samples were made using poly propylene material. Results: The results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths were increased by the addition 25 corncob and 75 poplar wt% particles. For tensile and flexural modulus, adding 2 wt% of nano-clay led to an increase in strength and modulus but there was a decrease when 4 wt% nano-clay was used. The impact strength increased by adding nano-clayConclusion: According to the mechanical and physical properties of all the treatments, the samples which were made of 25 corncob and 75 poplar wt% particle with 2 wt% of Nano-clay had better results compared to other samples.
Composite wood products
Moein Dehghan; Ali Ahmadi ladjimi; Habib Dahmardeh
Abstract
DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.63.66.1.1575.1610 In the present research the biodegradability Properties of poly-lactic acid-canola stem flour composites in three levels of 25, 35, and 45% canola stem flour made by compression molding technique were studied . In order to study the biocompatibility behavior ...
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DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.63.66.1.1575.1610 In the present research the biodegradability Properties of poly-lactic acid-canola stem flour composites in three levels of 25, 35, and 45% canola stem flour made by compression molding technique were studied . In order to study the biocompatibility behavior of the composite, three methods of biological degradation were used for Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum fungi, long-term water absorption and composites burial in the soil for 4 months. The results of statistical analyzes showed that the amount of composites weight loss increased against the degradation by fungi and burial in the soil by increasing the amount of rapeseed canola stem flour while pure poly-lactic acid had a very high durability against these factors. In addition, there was no effect on the weight loss of samples in the long run leach test so that the weight of composites and poly- lactic acid samples was constantly increasing and there was no effect on weight and thickness loss. The growth of myceliums fungi was clearly detectable and detectable in reviewing the images of electron microscopy from the fracture properties of composites, unlike poly-lactic acid so that fungi crossed their polymer into rapeseed shoot flour and reduced the weight of the composites. The results of the FTIR spectroscopy on poly-lactic acid prepared before and after exposure to the Gloeophyllum trabeum fungus confirmed the validity of the above results. According to the results of this study, poly-lactic acid, as a biodegradable polymer, has been shown to be very durable against degradation by natural biological agents.
Composite wood products
Hamid Ibaghi esfahani; mehdi kalagar; hosien sepahri rad
Abstract
In this study, the tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites made by poly-lactic acid polymer (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and sawdust to reinforcement 30 % weight were investigated. Maleic anhydride bonded with polyethylene (MAPE) was used to increase coupling agent ...
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In this study, the tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites made by poly-lactic acid polymer (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and sawdust to reinforcement 30 % weight were investigated. Maleic anhydride bonded with polyethylene (MAPE) was used to increase coupling agent by 3%. The use of sawdust increased the stiffness of composites while the use of this material reduced the tensile strength of composites. The highest tensile properties (elastic modulus and tensile strength) were related to poly lactic acid /polyethylene / sawdust / coupling agent composites. The addition of natural fibers to both matrices (PLA and MAPE) increased the composite storage modulus compared to pure polymers, while the modulus of storage in pure polyethylene and its composite was higher. Simultaneous use of two polymers with an equal ratio (33.5% by weight) and composite sawdust have shown the stiffness between the composites made with single polymers. The use of natural fibers reduced the mobility of the molecular chain and transported the temperature of the composite to higher temperatures, which eventually moved the corresponding corners to the right and lower. However, in some cases, the transmission of pixels has not followed the normal process. The addition of the coupling agent (MAPE) makes bonding more common between two phases in all composites and ultimately increases stiffness.
Composite wood products
Ahmad Samariha; Habibollah Khademi Eslam
Abstract
Abstract The effect of adding steamed and non-steamed fiber on physical and mechanical properties of the composites made of recycled polypropylene was investigated. Recycled polypropylene was used as a basic matrix at a 57% level, and poplar fibers were used at 180 °C for 1 h at a constant level ...
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Abstract The effect of adding steamed and non-steamed fiber on physical and mechanical properties of the composites made of recycled polypropylene was investigated. Recycled polypropylene was used as a basic matrix at a 57% level, and poplar fibers were used at 180 °C for 1 h at a constant level of 40% in two forms: non-steamed and steamed. The ratio of steamed fibers to non-steamed fibers in composites was 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100, respectively. For all components, the coupling agent was maleic anhydride at a level of 3%. Mixing was done using an internal mixer at 180 °C and 60 rpm, and the samples were constructed by injection molding method. To investigate the effect of steam treatment on the fiber structure and crystallization, X-ray diffraction analysis and FTIR spectra were used. The results showed that the Steaming had no significant effect on resistance. But with steaming increased mechanical properties and physical properties of reduced. Keywords: Composites, Recycled polypropylene, Steamed fiber, XRD, FTIR
Physics and Mechanical Wood
foroogh dastoorian; Mohammad Layeghi; Ghanbar Ebrahimi; Mehdi Tajvidi; Seid Majid Zabihzadeh
Abstract
In the present study, creep rupture behavior of a bagasse fiber- polypropylene composite was investigated. Two accumulated damage model (EDRM and Wood) and an energy based failure model (R-W) were adopted to describe the load duration influence on the studied composite. Results have shown that at very ...
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In the present study, creep rupture behavior of a bagasse fiber- polypropylene composite was investigated. Two accumulated damage model (EDRM and Wood) and an energy based failure model (R-W) were adopted to describe the load duration influence on the studied composite. Results have shown that at very high stress levels, the EDRM and Wood models underestimated and overestimated the time to failure than static value respectively. This was attributed to the difference between application of static loading and creep loading. Findings indicated that the all three models were able to describe the creep rupture behavior of the studied composite and among this; the Wood model has shown a better fitting with experimental data, statistically. Based on findings in the present research, it can be concluded that the R-W model was more conservative in predicting time to failure in comparison with the two other models, and the reason can be attributed to the difference between failure criteria in energy based models and accumulated damage models. Results also showed that with increasing stress levels, the secondary stage of creep will shorten and at high stress level, the tertiary stage of creep will be more dominant
Composite wood products
mahdi abasyan; asghar omidvar; mahdi mashkour; zinat farhadi
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the possibility of producing polypropylene composite- cotton stalk flour with various percentages of cotton stalk flour. Determining the best treatment in terms of physical and mechanical properties and exploring the effect of using cotton stalks in the production of the ...
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This study seeks to investigate the possibility of producing polypropylene composite- cotton stalk flour with various percentages of cotton stalk flour. Determining the best treatment in terms of physical and mechanical properties and exploring the effect of using cotton stalks in the production of the composites were among the major objectives of this study. Six treatments consisting of Polypropylene, 40, 55 and 70 percent level of cotton stalks and two fillers (cotton stalks with and without barks) were developed. Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (3% wt) was applied to each treatment. The mixing and granulation of the plastic and cotton silk flour was carried out using twin screw extruder model 4815. After preparing and shearing of samples, the mechanical properties of composites including tensile strength, rupture modulus and elasticity modulus were calculated in accordance with D-6109 and ASTM D-7031 standards. In addition, water absorption and thickness swelling tests were performed according to D-570-98 standard. The results showed that an increase in the flour of cotton stalk reduced the tensile strength and rupture modulus on the one hand, and increased the bending elasticity modulus on the other hand. In terms of the performance of the filler, there was a significant difference between values of rupture modulus and elasticity modulus at 95% level whereas this difference was not significant for tensile strength. Moreover, this difference was significant for values of water absorption and thickness swelling. The maximum tensile strength belonged to T4 with 40 percent of cotton stalk bark fibers.
Elham Marzban Moridani; Mohammad Talaeipour; Amir houman Hemmasi; esmaeil Ghasemi; Mehdei Kalagar
Abstract
In this research, the mechanical properties of composite produced from recycled polymers (polyethylene and polypropylene) and paper mill sludge from two different sources (waste water sludge (s) and sludge on the DAF) were examined. Three levels of paper sludge (15, 30 and 45 wt %) were used to produce ...
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In this research, the mechanical properties of composite produced from recycled polymers (polyethylene and polypropylene) and paper mill sludge from two different sources (waste water sludge (s) and sludge on the DAF) were examined. Three levels of paper sludge (15, 30 and 45 wt %) were used to produce composites. Haake machine was used to blend materials and to produce standard samples, injection molding system was utilized. The mechanical properties including bending (strength and modulus) and impact strength were measured. The results showed that composites containing PP polymer and waste water sludge have higher mechanical properties than PE polymer and sludge on the DAF. The addition of both types of sludge as filler, results in enhancement of tensile properties compare to pure polymer. In the case, the higher content of sludge on the DAF was used, tensile strength of the composite decreased. Adding both types of sludge as filler, impact strength was lower than pure polymer. It was shown that composites containing sludge on the DAF have lower impact property than waste water sludge.
Babak Mirzaei; Mehdi Tajvidi
Abstract
Stress relaxation behavior of milled newsprint/HDPE composite containing coupling agent was studied. Composites containing 25 and 50% filler in weight were produced, and were compared to neat polymer. Melt blending followed by injection molding was the manufacturing process. Results showed that incorporating ...
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Stress relaxation behavior of milled newsprint/HDPE composite containing coupling agent was studied. Composites containing 25 and 50% filler in weight were produced, and were compared to neat polymer. Melt blending followed by injection molding was the manufacturing process. Results showed that incorporating filler to polymer increases the flexural strength and modulus. It was observed that higher stress is needed to maintain higher strain levels. Furthermore, comparing the stress ratio patterns revealed that the difference among relaxation of different samples develops over time. Power law computed parameters showed that higher strain level results in higher stress relaxation amplitude (A) and lower time exponent (t). It was also found that, almost complete linear relationship could be established between strain level and parameter A, and the effect of strain level on parameter A is more pronounced at higher filler contents.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Reza Hajihassani; Fardad Golbabaei; Moghgan Kohpayeh zadeh
Abstract
Wood fibers are increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastic composites due to their low cost, high specific strength properties and renewable nature. The ultimate goal of our research was to find the fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of poplar wood fiber/polypropylene ...
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Wood fibers are increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastic composites due to their low cost, high specific strength properties and renewable nature. The ultimate goal of our research was to find the fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of poplar wood fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. The effect of wood fiber concentrations and compounding temperature on the mechanical properties of composites, prepared using MAPP as the coupling agent, was investigated. In the sample preparation, four levels of fiber loading (10, 20, 30, and 40 w/w%) and three compounding temperatures (180, 190, and 200oC) were used. The results revealed that the major changes in composite properties occurred at fiber contents above 30%. The results clearly showed that the fiber loading of 30 and 40 w/w% at 190oC provided adequate reinforcement to increase the tensile and flexural strength of the composite. The modulus also increased with increasing fiber content, because poplar wood fibers are believed to be more rigid than polymer. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in the reduction of both elongation and impact strength properties of the composites. The FTIR spectroscopy showed that the polymer was bonded to the fibers by ester linkages and hydrogen bonds at 1705–1735 cm-1.
Pulp and paper
Hamd Unesi kord khalili; Mehran Jalilvand; Rabi Behroz
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different loading levels and addition of urea formaldehyde and polyethylene on the creep behavior of composites made from wastes of OCC recycling mills. The composites manufactured by hot press method and three-point ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different loading levels and addition of urea formaldehyde and polyethylene on the creep behavior of composites made from wastes of OCC recycling mills. The composites manufactured by hot press method and three-point bending test performed before creep test. In general, the results showed positive effects of additive materials such as urea formaldehyde and polyethylene on the creep behavior of the composites. While adding UF and PE decreased primary and final creep as well as return deformation percentage of the composites. Also the obtained results indicated that remaining creep had higher sensitivity to loading levels compared to primary and final creep. Also the increase of the load levels from 20% to 30% led to an increase in creep content of the composites.
Composite wood products
Fataneh Azad; Mohammad mehdi Faezipoor; Mehdi Tajvidi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of compatibilizer, (MAPP), on physical and mechanical properties of reed stem flour- polypropylene composites, 60 mesh size reed stem flour particles were compounded at 60% and 70% by weight with a polypropylene homopolymer with a melt flow index of 18 g/10min. Two ...
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In order to investigate the effect of compatibilizer, (MAPP), on physical and mechanical properties of reed stem flour- polypropylene composites, 60 mesh size reed stem flour particles were compounded at 60% and 70% by weight with a polypropylene homopolymer with a melt flow index of 18 g/10min. Two compounds were prepared from which formulations with 60 mesh particle size and 60% and 70% filler loading were selected to evaluate the role of the compatibilizer. One of them was without MAPP and the other one had 3% MAPP by weight. Totally, 4 compounds were prepared. Composites were produced using a twin screw counter rotating extruder. Then, mechanical tests including static flexural test, tensile test, Izod impact test and hardness test were carried out. Physical tests including water absorption and thickness swelling were also performed. All testing was in accordance with ASTM D7031-04 specification. The results of physical tests have indicated that by the increase in reed flour content, maximum water absorption and maximum thickness swelling increased. Generally, by adding the coupling agent (MAPP), the physical and mechanical properties significantly improved.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Kazem Dosthosseini; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of production variables on physical and strength properties of air-formed OCC fibers / polymer composites. A combination of 12 treatments of OCC fibers and coupling agents for air-forming were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of the sample were ...
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This study investigated the effects of production variables on physical and strength properties of air-formed OCC fibers / polymer composites. A combination of 12 treatments of OCC fibers and coupling agents for air-forming were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of the sample were analyzed using factorial experimental design with completely randomized and DMRT test is used to classified the averages. The results of this study showed that addition of 70% OCC fibers to the polymers in air forming resulted in composites with higher strengths and modulus of rupture and 55% OCC fibers increased internal bonding, tensile strength and modulus, and lowered thickness swelling. Thickness swelling after 2 h water-soak and mechanical properties were improved by addition 2 and 4 % coupling agent
Amir Nourbakhsh; Bohuslav V.Kokta; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) addition as a coupling agent at four levels and also the type of cellulosic materials as a reinforcing component on processing and mechanical properties of modified Populus deltoides fiber and flour/ polypropylene composites.The ...
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This study investigates the effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) addition as a coupling agent at four levels and also the type of cellulosic materials as a reinforcing component on processing and mechanical properties of modified Populus deltoides fiber and flour/ polypropylene composites.The results indicate that the interfacial bond between reinforcing-fiber/ flour and the matrix show great influence on the mechanical properties of composites. Furthermore it has been demonstrated that the addition of coupling agent during processing significantly improves the mechanical properties of fiber/ flour polypropylene composites. The results of this investigation indicates that the highest the mechanical properties of composites are as follow; The mechanical properties of the poplar fiber with 2% MAPP is higher than poplar flour without MAPP, which proves that the addition of functional group C=O acts as a good bonding agent. The notched Impact Izod strength value of poplar fiber with 2% MAPP is less than pure PP. But it is higher than other treatments. The results indicate that the interfacial bond between reinforcing fibers and flour with polymer matrix modified MAPP play a significant role in improving the measured mechanical properties of the composites.
