Chemical conversion
Seyyed Pedram Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Seyyed Peyman Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Asghar Tabei
Abstract
This study has been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of fibers and amount of chemical components of grapevine branches cultivated in Astara in province of Guilan. For this purpose the number of 53 branches, with same size and diameter, were cut from some grapevine and sent to laboratory ...
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This study has been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of fibers and amount of chemical components of grapevine branches cultivated in Astara in province of Guilan. For this purpose the number of 53 branches, with same size and diameter, were cut from some grapevine and sent to laboratory of wood and paper industries in Islamic Azad university Astara branch. To separate the fibers and for studying their morphological characteristics, wooden chip sampling from the branches was conducted at 3 heights of them (5%, 50% and 75%). Fiber separation was done by method (Franklin 1954) and then dimensions of fibers and their biometric coefficients were determined. From a number of separated branches, wood flour was prepared in two modes of with skin and without skin and then, percentage of chemical components of them was determined according to TAPPI standard. The overall average percentage of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemi cellulose, cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, alcohol extractives, hot water extractives, cold water extractives and ash were measured as 87.59, 56.99, 30.59, 47.20, 25.16, 5.90, 2.53, 4.41, 1.79 and 1.79 percent, respectively. Also, the total average of fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were measured as 0.96 mm, 26.45 µm, 15.48 µm and 5.49 µm, respectively. Also, the total average of slenderness, flexibility and runkel coefficients were calculated as 36.29, 58.50 and 0.71, respectively. The results showed that, in the debarked branches of grapevine trees, the amounts of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemi cellulose and cellulose are more than with skin branches and debarked branches have less lignin, extractives and ash than with skin branches. Also. The results showed that dimensions of the fibers including fiber length, fiber diameter and fiber lumen diameter, except cell wall thickness, decreased with increasing of height.
Iraj Shiyarkar; Asghar Tabei; Arash Farajpoor Roodsari
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine and compare the morphological characteristics and chemical components of Corn stalks (Zea mays: 704 & Oilseed varieties) cultivated in Astara area. Samples were prepared from both varieties, a part of stalks were selected for chemical components determination ...
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This study was conducted to determine and compare the morphological characteristics and chemical components of Corn stalks (Zea mays: 704 & Oilseed varieties) cultivated in Astara area. Samples were prepared from both varieties, a part of stalks were selected for chemical components determination and the rest was used to examine the morphological features. The average of fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and fiber wall thickness for oilseed variety and 704 variety were measured as0.859 mm, 23.63 µm, 16.62 µm ,3.51 µm and0.727 mm, 18.77 µm, 11.39 µm and 3.7 µm respectively. The average percentage of cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, alcohol extractives, hot water extractives and ash for oilseed variety was measured as 36.99, 20.5, 13.85, 2.02, 7.53 and 6.71, respectively. The relevant values for 704 varieties were 34.33, 17.5, 12.35, 1.35, 6.30 and 5.55 percent. Fiber dimensions and biometric coefficients between nodes and internodes, and between the varieties were compared and the results showed that there were significant differences between fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen and biometric coefficients. The fiber dimensions and biometric coefficients between nodes and at the internododal sections of both varieties are compared and there was significant difference between all variables. The comparison of chemical components between stalk with and without bark for each variety showed that there were significant differences between the content of cellulose, lignin, hot water extractives and ash. However, there was no significant difference between lignin from 704 varieties. In comparison of chemical components between two varieties in stalk with bark, there were significant differences between the content of cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, hot water extractives and ash; whereas in the case of stalk without bark, these differences were significant only for the acetone extractives, hot water extractives and ash.
