Composite wood products
Hamid Ibaghi esfahani; mehdi kalagar; hosien sepahri rad
Abstract
In this study, the tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites made by poly-lactic acid polymer (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and sawdust to reinforcement 30 % weight were investigated. Maleic anhydride bonded with polyethylene (MAPE) was used to increase coupling agent ...
Read More
In this study, the tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites made by poly-lactic acid polymer (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and sawdust to reinforcement 30 % weight were investigated. Maleic anhydride bonded with polyethylene (MAPE) was used to increase coupling agent by 3%. The use of sawdust increased the stiffness of composites while the use of this material reduced the tensile strength of composites. The highest tensile properties (elastic modulus and tensile strength) were related to poly lactic acid /polyethylene / sawdust / coupling agent composites. The addition of natural fibers to both matrices (PLA and MAPE) increased the composite storage modulus compared to pure polymers, while the modulus of storage in pure polyethylene and its composite was higher. Simultaneous use of two polymers with an equal ratio (33.5% by weight) and composite sawdust have shown the stiffness between the composites made with single polymers. The use of natural fibers reduced the mobility of the molecular chain and transported the temperature of the composite to higher temperatures, which eventually moved the corresponding corners to the right and lower. However, in some cases, the transmission of pixels has not followed the normal process. The addition of the coupling agent (MAPE) makes bonding more common between two phases in all composites and ultimately increases stiffness.
Composite wood products
Hossein Rangavar; Seid asghar Alavi seresht
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano-wollastonite and the use of polymers polyvinyl chloride and heavy polyethylene on the fire resistance of particleboard with three layers made of pepper stalk and industrial wood particles. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive with concentration of 12% ...
Read More
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano-wollastonite and the use of polymers polyvinyl chloride and heavy polyethylene on the fire resistance of particleboard with three layers made of pepper stalk and industrial wood particles. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive with concentration of 12% containing nanowollastonite with mixing ratio of 10% (based on dry mass of wood material) was used. The board in three levels matched (mixture industrial wood with pepper stalk particles), in the form of three layers, include the core layer pepper stalk particles and the surface layer of industrial wood particles, the core layer industrial wood particles and the surface layer of pepper stalk particles and two levels of heavy polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride polymers and nano in the two levels (with nano and without nano) were considered variable factors. Test specimens for examination of characteristics of fire resistance boards were made to include ignition timing(s), fusion time(s), weight loss(%) and carbonized area(mm2) each in two times of 2 and 30 minutes in accordance with the ISO 11925 standard was prepared and evaluated. The results showed that the use of nano-wollastonite and polyvinyl chloride and heavy polyethylene polymer and the boards were improved fire resistance .In particular, heavy polyethylene polymer has a better effect on the fire resistance of the boards. Three layers boards with industrial wood particles on the surface had a long ignition and fusion time. Moreover, percentage of weight loss and carbonized area in a three layer boards with pepper stalks particles on the surface were low
Babak Mirzaei; Kazem Dosthosseini
Abstract
Lignocellulosic material used as raw material in pulp and paper production due to major chemical alterations produce different waste compounds and composite manufacturing is an area providing the opportunity to utilize such wastes. In order to investigate the feasibility of using papermaking sludge in ...
Read More
Lignocellulosic material used as raw material in pulp and paper production due to major chemical alterations produce different waste compounds and composite manufacturing is an area providing the opportunity to utilize such wastes. In order to investigate the feasibility of using papermaking sludge in composite production, four combinations of wood flour/ papermaking sludge/ high density polyethylene ratio were formulated, then composite panels were made and the physical properties of manufactured panels were evaluated. The content of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and the polymer was constant 2% and 38% respectively, for all formulations. The results indicated that long term water absorption in particular thickness swelling decreased with increasing sludge content. Furthermore, moisture diffusion coefficient of samples containing 30% sludge and 30% wood flour was more than others. The results revealed that using papermaking sludge can be an alternative option for lignocellulosic raw material.
Pulp and paper
Hamd Unesi kord khalili; Mehran Jalilvand; Rabi Behroz
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different loading levels and addition of urea formaldehyde and polyethylene on the creep behavior of composites made from wastes of OCC recycling mills. The composites manufactured by hot press method and three-point ...
Read More
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different loading levels and addition of urea formaldehyde and polyethylene on the creep behavior of composites made from wastes of OCC recycling mills. The composites manufactured by hot press method and three-point bending test performed before creep test. In general, the results showed positive effects of additive materials such as urea formaldehyde and polyethylene on the creep behavior of the composites. While adding UF and PE decreased primary and final creep as well as return deformation percentage of the composites. Also the obtained results indicated that remaining creep had higher sensitivity to loading levels compared to primary and final creep. Also the increase of the load levels from 20% to 30% led to an increase in creep content of the composites.
Pulp and paper
Babak Mirzaei; Kazem Dos hosseini; Esmaeil Ghasemi; Yahya Hamzeh
Abstract
In this study two types of paper sludge, prepared by Mazandaran wood and paper company and Latif papermaking company along with wood flour utilized as plastic filler in polypropylene and high density polyethylene based composites. Weight percentage ratio of coupling agent, polymer and filler were kept ...
Read More
In this study two types of paper sludge, prepared by Mazandaran wood and paper company and Latif papermaking company along with wood flour utilized as plastic filler in polypropylene and high density polyethylene based composites. Weight percentage ratio of coupling agent, polymer and filler were kept constant 2%, 38%, and 60% in all formulations, respectively and composites were prepared by varied ratios of paper sludge and wood flour include 0: 60, 40: 20, 20: 40, and 60:0. Density, water absorption and thickness swelling of injection molded composites then measured. The results indicated the gradual substitution of wood flour by paper sludge increases the density of composites, and improves their water absorption and thickness swelling. The ratio of paper sludge to wood flour had statistically significant difference on all these properties, but the paper sludge type showed statistical difference just on the density of composites. Further to that, polypropylene based composites demonstrated lower density, water absorption and thickness swelling compared to high density polyethylene based ones.
Management and Economics wood
Sayed mahmood Kazemi; Mehran Jalilvand
Abstract
Wood Plastic Composite as new wood component products is made by wood fiber or powder elements with thermoset or thermoplastic materials. In recent periods of ten years the components have been produced by west industrial countries and as well in UnitedState of America as wood water resistant materials. ...
Read More
Wood Plastic Composite as new wood component products is made by wood fiber or powder elements with thermoset or thermoplastic materials. In recent periods of ten years the components have been produced by west industrial countries and as well in UnitedState of America as wood water resistant materials. Samples of wood plastic and untreated wood specimens of maple and elm were prepared in laboratory. The effects of water, fire and fungus (Trametes versicolor) on the wood samples with using ASTM and EN standards were investigated. The results showed that the highest resistance wood samples against fire was related to wood plastic made by polypropylene and the lowest resistance of wood samples was associated to untreated maple. In the case of floating samples in water, results indicated that increase cross section of wood plastic decreases the rate of water penetration in wood samples. The results of fungal attack in laboratory tests on wood plastic samples showed that component made by 30 % polypropylene and 30% polyethylene and 40% wood fiber is able to resist significantly against rotting fugal.
The weight loss of untreated maple samples against fungal attack was 38.5% that probably is related to being high percent of sugar and starch materials in wood species. There was a difference about 3% of weight loss between natural maple (control) and maple treated by sea water. Therefore, maple is a perishable species in wood durability classification. Heartwood of elm was very resistant to wood rotting fungus and the mean weight loss of wood samples was 3.75%. As a result in wood classification this wood specie is very durable. Appling of sea water only 0.5% increased wood resistance to fungal activity. The results of fungus attack on wood plastic showed this wood product is very resistant and during 6 weeks incubation only 3.14% of its weight was decreased.
