Physics and anatomy
asghar tarmian
Abstract
In this study, some anatomical, chemical and physical properties of toothbrush wood (Salvadora persica L.) of Zabol region in Sistan and Baluchestan province were investigated. Anatomical studies showed that thi s species has short vessel with intermediate diameter, simple perforation plate and alternative ...
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In this study, some anatomical, chemical and physical properties of toothbrush wood (Salvadora persica L.) of Zabol region in Sistan and Baluchestan province were investigated. Anatomical studies showed that thi s species has short vessel with intermediate diameter, simple perforation plate and alternative intervessel pits. Ray parenchyma is homogeneous and of the procumbent cell type. Axial parenchyma is storied as seen in the tangential section and resembles paratracheal confluent arrangement in the cross section. Included phloem was present in xylem. The average fiber length, total diameter, lumen diameter and fiber wall thickening were 1898.5, 19.4, 8.2 and 5.6 µm, respectively. Chemical characteristics also showed that, toothbrush wood has average cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash content about 33.5, 21.5, 6.8 and 7.5%, respectively. The results also showed that the specific gravity of the wood was 0.49 and its mean tangential, radial and longitudinal shrinkages were 7.4, 7.8 and 0.98 %, respectively.
Asghar Taremian; Zinab Frozan; Amir Sepehr; Hadi Ghlamian; Reza Oladi
Abstract
In this study, the physical and anatomical properties of old date palm wood (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and its drying behavior was studied. Four old date palm trees grown in Bam city (Kerman provenience) were felled. Then, boards with the dimension of 300 × 50 × 30 mm were cut at DBH of trees ...
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In this study, the physical and anatomical properties of old date palm wood (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and its drying behavior was studied. Four old date palm trees grown in Bam city (Kerman provenience) were felled. Then, boards with the dimension of 300 × 50 × 30 mm were cut at DBH of trees from pith to bark. After measuring the green moisture content and specific gravity, boards were dried in a semi-industrial kiln to reach the final moisture content of 8% using a mild wood drying schedule. Cross-sectional anatomical measurements were performed on the nearest boards to the bark and pith. Results showed that the green moisture content and specific gravity of date palm wood ranged between 150-260% and 0.29–0.39 and the moisture content was increased and the specific gravity was decreased from pith to bark. Anatomical observations and statistical analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between average number of vessel elements and vessel bundles between pith and bark, but the mean vessel area in pith was considerably greater than bark. Results also showed that the drying rate of date palm wood was high reaching to the final moisture content of 8% within 7 days. Drying rate of bark samples was higher than those of the pith and no deformation and surface crack was observed in the dried boards.
Physics and anatomy
Hossein Familian; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad hassan Asareh; Sayed mosa Sadeghi; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to ...
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Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. It seems necessary to recognize the best utilization of this wood that are potentially available and easy to caltivate in Iran.The results of this study revealed that Ziziphus spina - christi is a diffuse - porous with pores round to oval, dense, hard and fine - textured wood. The length of vessel elements is medium, and the diameter relative high, few vessels per unit area and the type of perforation plates is simple. Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric and rarely aliform. Libriform fibers length medium, thin to thick - walled. Rays 1-2 cells wide with medium length and not visible with nakedeye, crystals are common in most rays. In this species also percentages of cellulose and lignin are high but ash and extractive soluble in acetone content was found to be low.
Physics and anatomy
Kamyar Salehi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, 16/11mm, and 3/9mm respectively.Cotton stem oven-dry density, basic density, and air-dry density were measured at 0/44 gr./cm3, 0.4Ogr/cm3, and .42gr/cm3.Shrinkage and swelling was measured at 7.7 %, 8.3% and porosity was measured at 70.5%.Chemical composition was as follow: cellulose 52%, lignin 29.2%, ash 104% and extractives 6.8%.Anatomical features were as follow: Growth ring boundaries distinct or absent Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal or radial pattern grouping:partly solitary partly in radial multiples of 2-4-6 or very small cluster Simple perforation plate. Intervesse pit alternate. Intervessel pit size: minute -< 4mm. Vestured pits absent. Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple Helical Thickening absent. Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50-100mm. Vessels per square millimeter 20-40 vessels. Mean vessel element length - < 350mm. Tyloses Gums & deposits absent. Fiber with simple to minutely bordered pits. Helical thickening in ground tissue fibers absent.Nonseptate fiber present. Fibers very thin walled. Rays with multi seriate portion as wide as uniseriate portion. Aggregate rays absent. Ray height> 1mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright And square marginal cells Ray per millimeter 4-12/mm.
