Composite wood products
Behzad Ghasemi; Farshid Faraji; Sahab Hedjazi
Abstract
Abstract In this research, the effect of using natural poly lactic acid polymer and the amount of MAPP coupling agent on the physical and mechanical properties of composite manufactured by sunflower stem flour was studied. For this purpose, three levels of PLA polymer including 50, 60 and 70% and tow ...
Read More
Abstract In this research, the effect of using natural poly lactic acid polymer and the amount of MAPP coupling agent on the physical and mechanical properties of composite manufactured by sunflower stem flour was studied. For this purpose, three levels of PLA polymer including 50, 60 and 70% and tow levels of MAPP including 4 and 6 percent based on dry weight of polymer were used as variables. Then, the physical and mechanical properties of the test specimens including dimensional stability, resistance and tensile modulus, resistance and flexural modulus and impact resistance were measured. The results showed that increasing the amount of PLA polymer and reducing the share of sunflower stem flour and increasing MAPP up to 6 percent, increased the flexural, tensile and impact resistances and improved dimensional stability of the composites. But in contrast, the tensile and bending modulus of composites were reduced. However, by reviewing the results, it was found that the physical and mechanical properties of the composites made with this polymer and the particles of sunflower stem flour were competitive with other composites made with other chemical polymers and in some cases it was better than them.
Composite wood products
Hadi Ashtari; Mehdi Jonoobi; Maryam Yousefzadeh; Yahya Hamzeh
Abstract
In this study Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose nanocrysrals (CNC) composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning process. To dissolve PVA, the deionized water was used due to environmental friendly of PVA. The design of experiments (DOE) was done by the Taguchi method using the Minitab for ...
Read More
In this study Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose nanocrysrals (CNC) composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning process. To dissolve PVA, the deionized water was used due to environmental friendly of PVA. The design of experiments (DOE) was done by the Taguchi method using the Minitab for optimization of electrospinning. Polymer concentration was determined in 4, 6, 8 and 10% by solvent weight. Bead-free fibers were produced in 8% PVA concentration. CNC were added to polymer in 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% by PVA weight and DOE was applied for Needle to collector distance (cm), polymer concentration (%), polymer feed rate (mh/hr.) and applied voltage (Kv) were defined as variables, again to reach the thinnest fibers. Nanocomposites were soaked in GA 50% concentration for 48 hrs. to prevent nanocomposites decomposition. SEM and FESEM were used for morphological characterization. Diameter of the fibers was analyzed by Image software. Tensile, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Tension, Porosity, swelling and dissolving of nanocomposites were examined. Chemical reactions were traced by FTIR. Fibers with 87±16 nm in diameter were achieved in 0.5% CNC, 22 KV, 0.3 ml/hr. and 20 cm. Swelling and and solubility of nanocomposites were significantly improved by GA. FTIR spectra shows hemiacetal bounds produced during GA soaking. MOE and tensile were improved by CNC addition meanwhile tension and porosity were decreased. Same results were obtained for GA soaked nanocomposites.
Composite wood products
Ali Hasanpoor tichi; Behzad Baziyar
Abstract
In this study the effect of nano gel wollastonite usage in three level (0 , 5 and 10 percent per dry by weight of the cement) and the mixture ratios of lingocellulosic material to cement in three level 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 on physical, mechanical , microscopic and biological properties of composite ...
Read More
In this study the effect of nano gel wollastonite usage in three level (0 , 5 and 10 percent per dry by weight of the cement) and the mixture ratios of lingocellulosic material to cement in three level 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 on physical, mechanical , microscopic and biological properties of composite made from rice straw fibers- cement was investigated. Three replicates for each treatment and 27 experimental boards were manufactured. Specimens were prepared according to DIN- EN634 standard test methods to measure mechanical and physical properties. Mechanical and physical properties including static bending strength, modulus of elasticity, interior bonding(IB),water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion in the water , density and decay resistant (loss weight) were measured. Micro- structural properties of composites were evaluated by SEM images. The results showed that, bending strength , modulus of elasticity , interior bonding and density were significantly increased with increasing Nano gel wollastonite . Also, with increasing Nano gel wollastonite , dimensional stability and decay resistance were increased in comparison with the control sample. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the calcium hydroxide formed hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H gel) after addition the Nano gel wollastonite . SEM images showed that the micro- structure of the boards were improved by increasing the nano- wollastonite content.
Composite wood products
Leila Fathi; Mohammad mehdi Faezipoor; Mohsen Bahmani
Abstract
In this investigation the effect of using of UF and MUF Resins on Physical and mechanical Properties of Particleboards Produced from Rice Straw and Aspen Particles has been studied. The aim of this study was to determine of physical and mechanical properties of rice straw– particleboard. ...
Read More
In this investigation the effect of using of UF and MUF Resins on Physical and mechanical Properties of Particleboards Produced from Rice Straw and Aspen Particles has been studied. The aim of this study was to determine of physical and mechanical properties of rice straw– particleboard. Single-layer particleboard was produced. That was produced with 11% MUF and 11% UF. For using of UF and MUF 2% hardener was added to adhesives. The Press condition for MUF was: 1750C for 4 minutes and also for UF application was 1750C for 6 minutes. Another variable factor was the rice straw content in three levels (15%, 30% and 45%). Other factors such as board density (0/7gr/cm3), mat moisture (12%) were constant factors. The results indicate that increasing rice straw to wood particles cause some reduction in modulus of rupture , and internal bonding , and some increase in thickness swelling , and water absorption of manufactured boards. But comparing and grouping means by Duncan test showed that in the most case these effects were insignificant when rice straw add to wood particle up to 30%. Particleboard bonded with 11% MUF had the highest bending strength. Particleboards bonded with MUF had better bending strength, shear strength, thickness swelling and water absorption after 2, 24 hours immersion. Grouping the experimental data while using Duncan method was indicated of the fact that an optimum condition for manufacturing particleboard while using a mixture of rice straw and wood particles is to add 30% rice straw to the mixture , use 11% melamine urea formaldehyde resin and employ a pressing time of 4 minutes.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine ...
Read More
Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resin, and two press temperatures of 175 and 185 ° C. OSB boards using poplar wood strands, 100 millimeters long were also produced as control samples. The results of strength measurements of the boards were statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and completely randomized block design. The grouping of the averages was based on Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the effect of the resin type on the flexural properties and internal bonding of the boards is statistically significant and boards produced using phenol formaldehyde resin exhibited the lowest modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding strength. However, the adhesive type did not statistically influence the physical properties. The strand length also statistically influenced the board strength properties and boards made using poplar strands showed higher strength compared to corn stalks strands. The thickness swelling of the poplar OSB was almost twice the values of corn stalks OSB but the water absorption of these boards was lower than of corn stalks OSB. Press temperature adversely affected the modulus of rupture and elasticity, but higher press temperature improved the internal bonding strength. Higher press temperature increased the physical properties of the boards.
Composite wood products
Saeb Shabanpour; Noraldin Nazarnezhad; Maryam Ghorbani
Abstract
Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano Alumina modification on the mechanical and Surface properties of High-Density Fiberboard (HDF) made from oxidized fibers. Surface activation of fiber was done with 40% nitric acid. After fibers gluing with urea-formaldehyde (7% and 9% based ...
Read More
Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano Alumina modification on the mechanical and Surface properties of High-Density Fiberboard (HDF) made from oxidized fibers. Surface activation of fiber was done with 40% nitric acid. After fibers gluing with urea-formaldehyde (7% and 9% based on the dry weight of fibers), the boards were made by hot pressing. For veneering, two types of paper with grammage of 70 and 80 g/m2 impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde and nano-alumina 0, 1.5 and 3% were applied. According to the results, the highest bending strength, modulus of elasticity and hardness were measured in nitric acid-modified fibers/ 9% glue/ grammage of 80 g/m2/3% nano-alumina samples that was significant increase compared to the control boards a significant increase. The samples weight loss due to abrasion was decreased with increasing the veneers grammage and nano-alumina, which confirmed the positive effect of nano-alumina. Veneer grammage did not show significant effect on the resistance to cigarette burn, but the highest concentration of nano-alumina resulted to improve this surface resistance via increase of thermal conductivity.
Composite wood products
Hamid Ibaghi esfahani; mehdi kalagar; hosien sepahri rad
Abstract
In this study, the tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites made by poly-lactic acid polymer (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and sawdust to reinforcement 30 % weight were investigated. Maleic anhydride bonded with polyethylene (MAPE) was used to increase coupling agent ...
Read More
In this study, the tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites made by poly-lactic acid polymer (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and sawdust to reinforcement 30 % weight were investigated. Maleic anhydride bonded with polyethylene (MAPE) was used to increase coupling agent by 3%. The use of sawdust increased the stiffness of composites while the use of this material reduced the tensile strength of composites. The highest tensile properties (elastic modulus and tensile strength) were related to poly lactic acid /polyethylene / sawdust / coupling agent composites. The addition of natural fibers to both matrices (PLA and MAPE) increased the composite storage modulus compared to pure polymers, while the modulus of storage in pure polyethylene and its composite was higher. Simultaneous use of two polymers with an equal ratio (33.5% by weight) and composite sawdust have shown the stiffness between the composites made with single polymers. The use of natural fibers reduced the mobility of the molecular chain and transported the temperature of the composite to higher temperatures, which eventually moved the corresponding corners to the right and lower. However, in some cases, the transmission of pixels has not followed the normal process. The addition of the coupling agent (MAPE) makes bonding more common between two phases in all composites and ultimately increases stiffness.
Composite wood products
vahid moazami; Fatemeh Afsooni
Abstract
With growth and development of the modern societies and achieve towards industrialization of the countries, Use of the water, one of the major concerns is considered. Optimal usage of water resources, has special position and considerable, that its result is importance of the reuse of rain's water as ...
Read More
With growth and development of the modern societies and achieve towards industrialization of the countries, Use of the water, one of the major concerns is considered. Optimal usage of water resources, has special position and considerable, that its result is importance of the reuse of rain's water as a reliable source for supply the consumption water. The purpose of this research was, use of rain's water, in composition with urea formaldehyde adhesive, In order to adjust the final concentration of the adhesive. To prevent damage against rain water equipment, the Lagan system was transferred through the canals constructed at Arian sina factory. Then it was treated with the package at the factory. The results of the FT_IR spectrum, obtained from composition adhesive samples with rain's water and ordinary water, showed that the rain's water increased the number of hydrogen bonds in the adhesive. But based on the t test, the difference between Mechanical strength and physical properties of use of rain's water than to the ordinary water was not significant. Qua that the glue combined with rain's water does not have any negative effect on adhesive properties. Therefore, after research, Arian Sina has been saving water consumption by using 14000 liters of water per day, due to the country's limited resources and lack of resources.
Composite wood products
Masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use of Hemp stalks in particleboard production. Mixtures of Hemp stalk and Eucalyptus wood at the ratios of 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 were used. Also two resin content of 8 and 10% (based on oven dry particle) and 2 press times of 3 and 4 minutes were employed for the production ...
Read More
The purpose of this study was to use of Hemp stalks in particleboard production. Mixtures of Hemp stalk and Eucalyptus wood at the ratios of 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 were used. Also two resin content of 8 and 10% (based on oven dry particle) and 2 press times of 3 and 4 minutes were employed for the production of laboratory particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties including thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water, modulus of rapture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding were measured data were statistically analyzed. It was observed that the increase in Hemp stalk particles in the mixture resulted in increasing of bending properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity) and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours water soaking. Also the results showed that increase in Hemp stalk particles in the mixture resulted in reduction of internal bonding. As expected, physical and mechanical properties of particleboard improved with increasing resin content. Modulus of elasticity and thickness swelling after 24 hours water soaking were improved with increasing of press time. In general, comparing the produced board mechanical properties with standard of Iran requirements, the board produced using 100% and 50% Hemp stalk, 8% resin content and 3 minutes press time showed that optimal properties. Although the physical properties of the boards did not meet the standard values, the reason for this could not be due to the lack of use of paraffin.
Composite wood products
Shoboo Salehpour; Mehdi Jonobi; Masoud Ahmad Zadeh; Fatemeh Rafieian
Abstract
The biodegradability of cellulose nananofiber-PVA nanocomposites were studied under controlled composting conditions and the quality of the compost was evaluated. The nanocomposite based on PVA with 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt % of CNF was prepared by using liquid nitrogen and freeze drying techniques. Specimens ...
Read More
The biodegradability of cellulose nananofiber-PVA nanocomposites were studied under controlled composting conditions and the quality of the compost was evaluated. The nanocomposite based on PVA with 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt % of CNF was prepared by using liquid nitrogen and freeze drying techniques. Specimens were buried in compost obtained from municipal solid waste of a compost Factory, Karaj municipality, Iran, for 150 days. The biodegradability of materials was assessed by calculation the visual observation, weight loss, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemistry and transparency (FTIR). The ecotoxicological impact of compost samples was evaluated via plant growth tests with cress and spinach. Biodegradation studies of the films during municipal solid waste confirmed that the biodegradation time of PVA/CNF films greatly depends on the CNF content. The SEM analysis showed that the biodegradability of the films at surface of the samples (deep pores and cracks) was increased with increased the CNF content. By considering the ecotoxicological test using plants growth, it seems that all nanocomposite and pure PVA did not generate a negative effect on germination or development of the vegetal species.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The potential of cotton stalks residues for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients (10% core:10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables were produced. Then the mechanical and ...
Read More
The potential of cotton stalks residues for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients (10% core:10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables were produced. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The results of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) measurements showed that as the resin dosage gradient increases, these properties increased and the effect of this variable on these properties was statistically significant. The highest values were reached when either 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients were applied. The effect of resin dosage gradient on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was also statistically significant and these properties were improved. The effect of press time on thickness swelling was also statistically significant and the lowest thickness swelling was observed at 5 minutes press time. The results indicated that if 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients and either 4 or 5 minutes press time is applied for the manufacturing of particleboards using cotton stalks residues, the specification of the boards meet the EN specification.
Composite wood products
masoudreza habibi; Ahmad Jahan Latibari; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage time and moisture content of bagasse on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. For this purpose, wet depitting bagasse was used and samples were maintained in bailing storage method. In this study, was applied 4 storage ...
Read More
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage time and moisture content of bagasse on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. For this purpose, wet depitting bagasse was used and samples were maintained in bailing storage method. In this study, was applied 4 storage times (1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 months) and 2 moisture content of Bagasse (45% and 55%). According to these variables, particleboards were made. Also chemical properties (pH, acid and alkaline buffering capacity) of Bagasse were determined. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and complete randomized design. Then Duncan multiple range test was used for grouping of the averages. The results revealed that with decreasing of Bagasse moisture content, Bagasse sample pH and acid buffering capacity were decreased and increased, respectively. Also bending properties and thickness swelling after 24 hours immersion of the boards were improved. With increasing of storage time, the chemical properties of Bagasse tend to be alkaline, and the minimum of board internal bond strength was obtained in 1.5 month storage time. The physical properties of boards were improved with increasing of storage time
Composite wood products
Mohammad Ahmadi; Bita Moezzipour; mearaj sharari
Abstract
In this study properties of fibers recycled from MDF wastes as one of the potential important resources as raw materials for MDF production were investigated. For this purpose, two different methods including ohmic heating (for 2 and 4 min) and hydrothermal method (at 105˚c for 150 min) were utilized ...
Read More
In this study properties of fibers recycled from MDF wastes as one of the potential important resources as raw materials for MDF production were investigated. For this purpose, two different methods including ohmic heating (for 2 and 4 min) and hydrothermal method (at 105˚c for 150 min) were utilized for recycling the wastes of MDF and original fibers were studied as control sample. The chemical composition of fibers (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content), as effective variable on quality of fibers was measured. Also for probing the chemical characteristic of fiber surface, FT-IR test was utilized. In addition, the wettability of fibers also was determined by measuring the contact angels between fibers surface and water drop. The results showed that the chemical composition of fibers is changed within recycling process. Most changes were occurred in hemicellulose and extractives content. The results of FT-IR test revealed the existence of more carbonyl groups and furfural and lower amount of hydroxyl groups in recycled fibers compared to original fibers which caused by esterification process. The wettability of fibers was decreased after recycling process especially in hydrothermal method.
Composite wood products
Laya Jamalirad; Fereshteh Kor; Farshid Faraji; Sahab Hedjazi
Abstract
In this research, the manufacture of particleboard using lignocellulosic residues including wheat straw and tobacco stalks mixed with industrial wood chips were studied. The variable factors included the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalks with industrial wood chips in four levels 0/100, 20/80, ...
Read More
In this research, the manufacture of particleboard using lignocellulosic residues including wheat straw and tobacco stalks mixed with industrial wood chips were studied. The variable factors included the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalks with industrial wood chips in four levels 0/100, 20/80, 40/60 and 60/40 (In any combination, according to the desired levels, tobacco stalks and wheat straw were used equally) and the amount of urea formaldehyde resin was at two levels 12 and 14% of the dry weight of the wood chips. The results showed that by increasing the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalk up to 60 percent, the physical and mechanical properties of the boards decreased significantly. But increasing the amount of adhesive consumption up to 14 percent had a positive impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards and improved internal bonding, bending strength and modulus of elasticity and dimensional stability of the boards. It means that by increasing the use of this type of wastes up to 40 percent with an increase in the amount of UF adhesive up to 14% can be produced the boards with the mechanical properties at standard level.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
In this research was to use the effects micro cellulose, and Multi walled Carbon Nanotube on the mechanical properties of wood plastics composites. This article presents the application of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics. ...
Read More
In this research was to use the effects micro cellulose, and Multi walled Carbon Nanotube on the mechanical properties of wood plastics composites. This article presents the application of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics. The effects of loading micro cellulose and Multi walled Carbon Nanotube content on the mechanical properties were also studied. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composites made with 50 micron cellulose and 1.5 and 2.5 % of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube were significantly superior to those of the lower length (20 micron) and control samples. Addition of Multi walled Carbon Nanotube could enhance the mechanical properties of the blends, due to the improvement of interface bond between the filler and matrix of wood plastics composites. The significant improvements in mechanical properties of the blends composites made with Multi walled Carbon Nanotube and micro cellulose were further supported by SEM and TEM micrographs.
Composite wood products
Mostafa Yahyavi; Abolghasem Khazaeyan; Alireza Shakeri
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this research is the possibility of using black liqour and nano Graphene oxide (GO) for making three-layer particle board. In this study, the amount of black liqour was as 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent and Graphene oxide was 0, 0.25 and 0.5 percent (based on oven dried weight of UF). Wood ...
Read More
Abstract The aim of this research is the possibility of using black liqour and nano Graphene oxide (GO) for making three-layer particle board. In this study, the amount of black liqour was as 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent and Graphene oxide was 0, 0.25 and 0.5 percent (based on oven dried weight of UF). Wood particles was pressed with using a laboratory hydraulic press. Mechanical and physical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24h soaking in water) of the produced boards were measured according to EN standards. The effect of each of the variables was studied on the properties and analyzed at 95 percent with using SPSS software and variance analysis factorial design. The results showed that increasing black liqour resulted in decreasing the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding. The results also indicated that water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24h soaking in water increased with increased black liqour and Graphene oxide percent. The results show that increasing of nano ghraphen resulted in increasing modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding.
Composite wood products
Maryam Ghorbani; null null; farhad fooladian
Abstract
The Use of agricultural plants wastes as an alternative forest resources in the cellulose industry can be recommended due to the severe shortage of wood raw material and restriction of forest harvesting. The aim of current research was to investigate the effect of thermal modification on applied properties ...
Read More
The Use of agricultural plants wastes as an alternative forest resources in the cellulose industry can be recommended due to the severe shortage of wood raw material and restriction of forest harvesting. The aim of current research was to investigate the effect of thermal modification on applied properties of composite made from sunflower stem flour-polypropylene. Thermal modification of sunflower stems was done at temperatures of 160, 180 and 200°C for 30 minutes and mixed with polypropylene in ratio of 30wt%. Test samples were prepared with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene as coupling agent by injection molding method. FTIR spectroscopy of sunflower stem flour confirmed the chemically changes due to thermal modification. More integration and uniform distribution, and less cavities were observed in the scanning electron micrographs of failure surface. The removal of hemicellulose of sunflower stem flour improved the thermal stability of composite, which thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) confirmed it with increasing in modification temperature up to 180°C. Modification at 200°C decreased thermal stability compared to other temperatures. Thermal modification leads to significant decrease in water absorption and improvement in bending and tensile properties due to hemicellulose degradation, increasing the crystallinity, loss of polarity, increased compatibility between the two phases of composite and uniform distribution of fillers in polymeric matrix. Notched impact strength of modified composites decreased due to better adhesion between lignocellulosic filler and polymer that facilitate the crack development along the interface.
Composite wood products
Mohammad Zafari sarmori; saeid reza Farokhpayam; Ehsan Sanei; mohammad shamsian
Abstract
Although many studies have been done about the application of waste materials such as used plastics but returning of wood plastic products (Regrind) to the production cycle was rarely reported. In this work, the effect of once and twice regrind on the functional properties of WPC made from high density ...
Read More
Although many studies have been done about the application of waste materials such as used plastics but returning of wood plastic products (Regrind) to the production cycle was rarely reported. In this work, the effect of once and twice regrind on the functional properties of WPC made from high density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied. The specimens were fabricated with powder raw materials and by the flat press under laboratory conditions. HDEP and poplar wood flour were mixed with a weight ratio of 50-50 percent. The estimation of regrind process, physical and mechanical properties of boards were measured after each regrinding and also to evaluate of regrinding on filler particle size and the interface between the polymer and wood flour some Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were prepared. The results of this research showed that regrinding of WPC leads to a decrease in mechanical properties including bending strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus and on the other hand regrinding process leads to improved physical properties including water absorption and thickness swelling after hours. SEM photographs showed that during the process of regrinding, filler particle size is reduced while matrix surrounding the filler particles better.
Composite wood products
Ahmad Samariha; Habibollah Khademi Eslam
Abstract
Abstract The effect of adding steamed and non-steamed fiber on physical and mechanical properties of the composites made of recycled polypropylene was investigated. Recycled polypropylene was used as a basic matrix at a 57% level, and poplar fibers were used at 180 °C for 1 h at a constant level ...
Read More
Abstract The effect of adding steamed and non-steamed fiber on physical and mechanical properties of the composites made of recycled polypropylene was investigated. Recycled polypropylene was used as a basic matrix at a 57% level, and poplar fibers were used at 180 °C for 1 h at a constant level of 40% in two forms: non-steamed and steamed. The ratio of steamed fibers to non-steamed fibers in composites was 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100, respectively. For all components, the coupling agent was maleic anhydride at a level of 3%. Mixing was done using an internal mixer at 180 °C and 60 rpm, and the samples were constructed by injection molding method. To investigate the effect of steam treatment on the fiber structure and crystallization, X-ray diffraction analysis and FTIR spectra were used. The results showed that the Steaming had no significant effect on resistance. But with steaming increased mechanical properties and physical properties of reduced. Keywords: Composites, Recycled polypropylene, Steamed fiber, XRD, FTIR
Composite wood products
Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In this study, the reinforcing effect of recycled newsprint paper (RNP) in cement boards has been investigated. The experiment was designed to apply two variable factors, RNP and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Cement-fiber boards with the density of 0.7 kg/m3 were manufactured using fiber/cement ratios of ...
Read More
In this study, the reinforcing effect of recycled newsprint paper (RNP) in cement boards has been investigated. The experiment was designed to apply two variable factors, RNP and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Cement-fiber boards with the density of 0.7 kg/m3 were manufactured using fiber/cement ratios of 10:90, 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75 (w/w) and 3% and 5% CaCl2 as accelerator. Minimum four boards (replications) were fabricated for each combination of variables, and the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were evaluated. The statistical analysis showed that the effect of the RNP and CaCl2 contents on modulus of rupture of cement fiber boards were significant at 1% significant level. The results showed that addition of CaCl2 enhanced the mechanical properties of the boards. All properties of the boards were improved as the CaCl2 content was increased from 3% to 5%. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards decreased with addition of RNP, and the maximum values were obtained at RNP loading of 10%. The results also showed that as the fiber content was increased, significant increase in water absorption and thickness swelling occurred. Increasing RNP fiber content from 10% to 25% reduced both the mechanical and physical properties considerably. The optimum condition was obtained when the RNP and CaCl2 contents were 10% and 5%, respectively.
Composite wood products
Hamid Ibaghi esfahani; Mehdi Kalagar; Hossein Sepehridad
Abstract
To study the tensile properties and impact strength in Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) polypropylene as a matrix and teada pine sawdust as reinforcement / filler is used. Ethylene / propylene / Diane / monomer (EPDM) as modified impact resistance with 10, 20 and 30 percent improved impact resistance and ...
Read More
To study the tensile properties and impact strength in Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) polypropylene as a matrix and teada pine sawdust as reinforcement / filler is used. Ethylene / propylene / Diane / monomer (EPDM) as modified impact resistance with 10, 20 and 30 percent improved impact resistance and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) at a rate of 3 percent as a fasteners to improve response and polymers and fillers were added to the composite. To evaluate the fracture surface of a structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The apply of 10 % elastomer and 3 % coupling agent cause to improved of tensile properties and the use of higher levels of elastomer (20 and 30 %) has shown a decreasing trend in these properties. The results showed that PP matrix by adding sawdust to a significant reduction in impact strength of composite than pure PP is observed. An EPDM additive used in all contents of composites PP / sawdust has improved impact strength. Simultaneous use of EPDM and MAPP used a positive effect in tensile properties and impact strength. The apply of EPDM (30%) and 3% (MAPP) has demonstrated the highest level of impact strength. SEM images show that the use of EPDM and MAPP composites will improve the connection of interface.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
Investigation on the Effect of Resin Gradient Consumption on Particleboard Properties Made Using Rose Flower Stalks Residues Abolfazl Kargarfard *Associate Prof., Wood and Paper Science and technology Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and rangeland, Tehran, Iran, kargarfard@rifr-ac.irAbstractThe ...
Read More
Investigation on the Effect of Resin Gradient Consumption on Particleboard Properties Made Using Rose Flower Stalks Residues Abolfazl Kargarfard *Associate Prof., Wood and Paper Science and technology Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and rangeland, Tehran, Iran, kargarfard@rifr-ac.irAbstractThe potential of rose flower stalks for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients of 0, 2 and 4% (10% core: 10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables and boards were produced. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The results of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) measurements showed that as the resin dosage gradient increases, these properties improved and boards produced using either 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients generated the highest values. The effect of resin dosage gradient on these properties was statistically significant. As the resin dosage gradient increases, both thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was improved. The effect of press time on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was also statistically significant and these properties were improved when 5 minutes press time was used The results indicate that if 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients and either 4 or 5 minutes press time is applied for the manufacturing of particleboards using rose flower stalks residues, the specification of the boards will meet the EN specification.Keywords: Particleboard, Rose flower stalks, Resin dosage gradient, Mechanical Properties, Physical Properties
Composite wood products
Sina Khodaparast; Ahmad Jahan - Latibari; Mehran Rohnia
Abstract
The effect of compounding process applying two methods of one and two step mixing on the properties of nanocomposite is investigated. Nanocomposites were produced using polypropylene, cellulosic fibers, MAPP and nanolay as reinforcement. 1.5 and 3% MAPP and 0,2, and 4% nanoclay were used as the variable ...
Read More
The effect of compounding process applying two methods of one and two step mixing on the properties of nanocomposite is investigated. Nanocomposites were produced using polypropylene, cellulosic fibers, MAPP and nanolay as reinforcement. 1.5 and 3% MAPP and 0,2, and 4% nanoclay were used as the variable factor and 20% fibers was used. Melt flow index was measured on compounds produced using one or two steps mixing. Either compounds were mixed with fibers and MAPP and then the test specimens were made and tested according to ASTM test procedures. The results revealed that the two steps mixing increased the mechanical properties. The melt flow index of one step mixing was lower and the melt flow index of initial mixing of polypropylene with nanoclay was very high and it was reduced after compounding with fibers and MAPP. The results revealed that at higher dosages of the nanoclay tensile and bending modulus of the composite increased and tensile strength and modulus of rupture decreased.
Composite wood products
Ahmad Jahan- Latibari; Roozbeh Abidnejad; Mehran Roohnia
Abstract
At this research, the influence of Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (Non-functionalized and functionalized) on mechanical properties of polypropylene – old corrugated container (OCC) fibers composites was investigated. OCC fibers polypropylene composites were prepared using 20% OCC fibers, 80% polypropylene ...
Read More
At this research, the influence of Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (Non-functionalized and functionalized) on mechanical properties of polypropylene – old corrugated container (OCC) fibers composites was investigated. OCC fibers polypropylene composites were prepared using 20% OCC fibers, 80% polypropylene and 3% MAPP. Three levels of multi walled carbon nano tubes (0% - 0.5% - 1%) were added. Acidic oxidation method was used to functionalize the MWCNTs. Mechanical properties were measured as defined in ASTM testing methods. The results indicated that at higher dosage of MWCNTs, the tensile strength properties of the composite were improved but the influence of the functionalizing was not statisitaclly significant. The bending strength and elasticity as wellas the izod impact were increased as the higher amount of nanotubes were added to the composite. Scanning Electron Microscopes showed the development of bonding between the composite components. Compostes without coupling agent showed lower bonding strength between polypropylene and fiber as indicated by fiber pull out. However, in the composites containing coupling agent, the fiber fracture was observed.
Composite wood products
vahid moazami; Fatemeh Afsoni; Saeid Dadashi; Esmaeil Dadashi
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluation the mechanical properties of medium density fiber board of domestic production of Iran Company and imported medium density fiber board (Malaysia). Due to lack of knowledge and lack of access_to information, factors and variables influencing in production of fiberboard ...
Read More
The aim of this study was evaluation the mechanical properties of medium density fiber board of domestic production of Iran Company and imported medium density fiber board (Malaysia). Due to lack of knowledge and lack of access_to information, factors and variables influencing in production of fiberboard papers in industry especially imported boards, to better understand the differences of infrared radiation to reveal a vertical density profile of boards and infrared Spectroscopy (FT_IR), to identify compounds of fibers and the links caused by adhesive and dimensional analysis of fibers of the boards were used. The results of statistical analysis showed that the boards of domestic production_than to the imported boards have high mechanical strength. So that average flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in order for boards constructed in the country 34.56 and 2762 MPa and 2277 MPa, and it is 24.87 for imported supplies. The average internal bond strength of boards manufactured domestically MPa 0.78 and 0.58 have been of imported for the board. The results of density profile showed that the boards made into the country, in middle layer have 599 up to 615 kg/ m3 density and also surface layers have 1060 kg/m3, while the imported boards in middle layer have 533 up to 571 kg/m3 density and also surface layers have 1020 kg/m3 density. According to the results obtained from FT_IR spectra’s of the samples. Domestic boards than to the imported boards have more hydrogen links. Beside, pictures of analysis of fibers showed that the highest, lowest and average of fibers length for the domestic boards 260, 10 and 120 and lowest and average of fibers length for the imported boards 190, 5 and 45 were obtained, respectively.
