Comparative on the Microscopic Properties of wood near the pith to bark in Dalbergia sissoo in ShoshDanial
Babak
Nosrati
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Paper and wood Sciences Technology, Department of Natural Resources,University of Zabol, Iran
author
mohamad
haghpanah
M.Sc., Student, Composite Products Engineering, University of Zabol, Iran
author
masih
masoudifar
M.Sc., Student, Composite Products Engineering, University of Zabol, Iran
author
alireza
dorostkar
Teacher of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
In this research microscopic properties of wood near the pith to bark in Dalbergia sissoo was investigated. For this reason 3 stands of 10 years old Dalbergia sissoo trees from ShoshDanial area in Khozestan province were selected and cut. For measuring fiber biometrics of samples, from each trees one disc and from each disc 10 pell in match's size segregated and tested. Segregation of fibers was done with Franklin method. Also microscopic segments of wood near the pith and bark were studied with light microscope. The results showed that the length, total and lumen diameter, and thickness of cell wall are significantly different and this values were increased from pith to bark. Ray widths and vessel diameters in wood near the pith and bark were 36.15, 132.98 and 31.82, 98.26 µm respectively and showed a significant difference in the level of 5%. The average number of vessels and the number of rays in wood near the pith and bark were 3.46, 7.20 and 3.54, 6.68 number respectively. Also ray length means in wood near the pith and bark were 130.86 and 132.05µm respectively and didn’t show a significant difference in the level of 5%.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
351
361
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12930_32492d8ca1944d889eb714bad5288ee8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.12930
Investigation on utilization The mechanical of Fish wastes (WF) in manufacturing of biodegradable wood plastic composites (WPCs) and high density polyethylene (HDPE)
Ali
Kazemi tabrizi
دانشجوی دکترا صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واخد کرج، باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان جوان، کرج، ایران
author
Amir
Nourbakhsh
دانشیار، صنایع چوب و کاغذ، بخش تحقیقات علوم چوب و فرآورده های آن، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
author
Javad
Sepidehdam
استادیار، صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده آزاد کشاورزی مهر شهر، گروه صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه آزاد کرج
author
text
article
2015
per
In this study, the effect of fish waste powder, base material polyethylene , and also the quantity of coupling agent (MAPE) on physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite were studied. For this purpose, wood powder at 40% was mixed with 60% of HDPE. Fish waste in three levels (5, 10 and 15%) mixed into wood powder and coupling agent on three levels (0, 2 and 4) of HDPE in a blender at 180 °C and a speed rotating of 50 rpm, and samples were made with using of injection molding for standard tests. The mechanical properties: tensile and bending strength, bending and tensile modulus were investigated according of ASTM standards. This result suggests that increasing the amount of fish powder waste to 10%, increased bending strength while other strengths diminished. The amounts of all strengths were increased by increasing in percentage of coupling agent to 4%.The results shows that fish waste was suitable as a new material for wood plastics composites.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
362
375
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12994_5dee290e1fc5029be4a78cdcc59dd11a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.12994
Investigation on mechanical properties of HDPE recycled composite filled by furfural residue produced from bagasse
Hossein
Ahmadi
M.Sc. Student of wood and paper science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.
author
Amir hooman
hemmasi
Associated Prof., Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
author
Saeed
Mahdavi
Associated Prof., Wood and forest product, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
author
text
article
2015
per
The aim of this study is investigating the mechanical properties of recycled HDPE (high-density polyethylene) filled by furfural residue produced from bagasse. For this purpose, rHDPE was used at three levels 58, 68 and 78% and furfural residue as a filler was added at levels of 20, 30 and 40%. The grafted maleic anhydride with polyethylene (PE-g-MA) was used at constant amount of 2% as compatibilizer which prepared from Arya polymer Co. The ingredients mixed in two screw extruder and test samples were made using injection molding method. Composite properties such as tensile strength, flexural and V-notch impact were measured according to ASTM standards. The results showed that with increasing the filler content of 20 and 30% by weight, tensile modulus and flexural strength increased compared to the control and then reduced by 40 percent of filler. FTIR spectroscopy of the furfural residue and composite filled by 30% was carried out. Also, by increasing the filler content of 20 to 40% by weight, V-notch impact strength of composite decreased. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the absorption bands of carbonyl groups (C=O) in 1750-1600 cm-1 wavelength has slightly increased in the present of maleic anhydride compatibilizer which resulted maximum increasing of mechanical properties of composite using 30% residual furfural.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
376
387
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_13004_dbad62da8cfce2aee560ce1f9e83aa8b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13004
Study on the Effect of flour glue additive to reduce the gypsum curing time and improve the physical and mechanical properties of wood gypsumboard made from poplar particles and canola stem wastes
Hossein
Rangavar
Associate Professor of Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee
Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, Email: hrangavar@yahoo.com.
author
text
article
2015
per
One of the major problems in wood gypsum particleboard production, faster hydration and thus reducing its physical and mechanical properties. In order to increase the curing time of gypsum, was used from flour glue in wood gypsum particleboard production by using of canola wastes and poplar particles wood. To assess the time of setting of gypsum, the Vicat Needle was used based on the ASTM C191. For this purpose, pure gypsum paste and the pastes with ratios of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % flour glue to dried gypsum were settled in the mentioned device, then the setting time was determined. Thus amount 0.1% flour glue was selected on the manufacturing of wood gypsum particleboard. To evaluate the effects of flour glue and canola straw wastes on the physical and mechanical properties wood gypsum particleboard, two levels of flour glue (0 and 0.1 %) compared to the mass of the gypsum and the amount of canola straw wastes in 5 levels including (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) compared to the mass of poplar particles wood as a research variable factors were considered. Density of boards was 0.9 gr/cm3 and their thickness was 16 mm. The test specimens were prepared for measuring their physical and mechanical properties according to EN standard. Results obtained showed, flour glue lead to increase in gypsum hydration time and improved all of the physical and mechanical properties of wood gypsum particleboard. Also using of canola stem wastes increased value of water absorption & thickness swelling at 2 and 24 hours immersion. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the boards were increase, up to 25% canola wastes compared with dry mass of poplar particles wood, however internal bond of the boards were decreased by the increasing the amount of the canola wastes.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
388
398
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12997_efa481d05f7aa23eed468b56c932b0fb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.12997
Comparative Investigation on the properties of Soda and Soda-Ethanol pulps from three hardwoods
Hosein
Valayi
Specialist, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
author
Ahmad
Jahan Latibari
Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, College of Agriculture
and Natural Resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Strength properties and the yield of soda and soda-ethanol pulps produced using hornbeam, beech and poplar woods were investigated. Soda pulps were produced applying 20% active alkali and the soda-ethanol pulps were made using 10% active alkali and 50% ethanol. The pulping temperature was constant at 175 C and the soda pulping time was selected at 120 minutes and the soda-ethanol pulping times were 120 and 180 minutes. The highest accepted pulping yield at 58.54% was reached using soda pulping on poplar wood and the lowest yield (49.29%) was related to soda-ethanol pulp produced from beech wood applying 180 minutes pulping time. The accepted yield of soda-ethanol pulping was low, but the kappa numbers of these pulps were almost 20 units lower than soda pulps. The strength properties of soda-ethanol pulps were superior to soda pulps and the difference was statistically significant at 99% confidence level. The results of this study indicated that the delignification of soda-ethanol pulping process is faster than soda pulping from the selected hardwoods especially poplar wood.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
399
407
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12993_85e49ca9d6d0582380187e4b7b7f538a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.12993
The Possibility of Using Kiwi Wood Residues for Kraft Pulp and Liner Paper Production
Ramin
Veysi
Associate Professor, Wood and Paper Department, Islamic Azad University of Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
In this research, chips of kiwi residues from western Mazandaran (Tonkabon region) were randomly chosen and its kraft pulp was prepared with yield of 53% for 105 minutes. The kraft liner handsheets were prepared from both kiwi and Chooka Mill kraft pulps (control sample), first in a separate and second, in mixed way. Then, their optical and mechanical properties were compared according to TAPPI standard test methods. Results showed that the highest tear strength and cobb 60 and the lowest breaking length, burst and CMT values were in the handsheets obtained from pure kiwi kraft pulp. The handsheets’ properties increased in the samples prepared from mixed pulps. In general, the highest values of breaking length, burst strength, tear strength, cobb 60, brightness and RCT were observed in the handsheets prepared from mixed 10-30% kiwi kraft pulp and mill kraft pulp. The results also pointed out that the above mentioned strengths could be improved by adding 10-30% of kiwi kraft pulp to 30-70% mill kraft pulp replaces part of mill kraft pulp, but it is not possible for pure kiwi kraft pulp.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
408
418
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12998_47eb35d8264eec7c334b33e85bf1ee21.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.12998
Effect of Hornbeam chips fungal pre-treatment on bleachability of its Bio-kraft pulp
Esmaeil
Rasooly Garmaroody
Assistant Prof., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University,
Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
Iraj
Mohammadi
M.Sc., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Bio-kraft pulp made from Hornbeam chips fungal pre-treated (1, 2 and 3 weeks) was used for investigation of its bleachability by DED sequence. Before and after of each step in mentioned sequence, pulps and bleaching spent liquors characterized and then 60g/m2 standards handsheets made from above pulps and tested in optical properties. Results shown that by increasing in chips pre-treatment time, lignin contents of pulps is more lacked by passing of DED sequence steps. Also, pulp viscosity and DP are lacked by increasing in pre-treatment time simultaneously increasing in hexenuronic acids and this is due to not full selectivity of fungle. Fungal pre-treatment of chips has not significant effect on brightness of unbleached pulps but due to softening in lignin structure, could be improved bleaching process as with increasing in pre-treatment time brightness increased and opacity decreased in final paper. Generally, it seems that Hornbeam chips fungal pre-treatment has good efficiency on its pulp bleachability although chemical consumption in bleaching increased up to 3 weeks pre-treatment.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
419
429
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12999_5c65a8314d874edfbc72724d1c06cca2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.12999
The possibility of utilization of soy straw powder in wood/plastic composites produced with polypropylene
Abolfazl
Kargarfard
Associate Prof., Wood and Forest Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of
Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
author
Amir
Nourbakhsh
Associate Prof., Wood and Forest Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of
Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Abstract The objective of this study was to produce natural fiber –plastic composite using soy straw powder as reinforcing component and to investigate the effect of nano-clay particles addition on the mechanical properties of the composite. Two levels of soy straw powder (35 and 45%) based on the weight of the composite, three levels of nano-clay (0,3 and 6%) based on the weight of the polypropylene as the matrix was used. Five percent Maleic Anhydride Ploy Propylene (MAPP) was added as the coupling agent. Composites compound was made and then
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
434
446
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_12996_a565be0a92c35261521da9de921edfd0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2016.12996
Chemical Treatment of Rice Husk with Acetic Acid substitute for MAPE Compatibilizer in Rice Husk/High Density Poly Ethylene Composites
Abdollah
Najafi
Assistant Prof., Department of Wood Science and Technology Islamic Azad University Chaloos Branch, Chaloos, Iran
Chaloos, Iran,
author
text
article
2015
per
In this study, chemical treatments of rice husk flour on physical and mechanical properties of rice husk flour / high density polyethylene composites were studied. Rice husk was milled and its flour through the sieve of 60 meshes was selected for using. Initially, dried rice husk flour was subjected to chemical treatment with acetic acid and then, was mixed with powder of high density polyethylene at weight ratio of 60% filler loading in an internal mixer. After milling of mixed matreials, samples of composites were made by injection moulding method. Physical and mechanical properties of treated rice husk flour / high density polyethylene composites were compared to untreated composite and a composite including a PE-g-MA coupling agant (MAPE) that were produced in the same method. Dynamic Mechanical-Thermal Analyze (DMTA) of specimens in the temperature range of -50 to +150 ◦C were taken and storage modulus and loss modulus were measured. FT-IR spectra of chemical treatments of rice flour husks were also investigated to what extent changes in the functional groups being studied. Results of FT-IR indicated that the chemical treatment of rice husk led to a change of OH group absorbance on 3436 cm-1 and a peak in the region of 1741 cm-1 related to functional group of C=O. Results of tests also indicated that all of properties in composites including of treated rice husk flour with acetic acid were improved.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
443
456
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_13000_9a426aed927056db2697b097f73ca7c2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13000
Properties of cement made from agricultural waste
Fardad
Golbabaei
M.Sc., Wood and Forest Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,
Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
The main purpose of the production of cement or wood products, composite panels by binding mineral particles mixed with organic materials such as wood and mineral lignocellolosic connectors such as cement, plaster, etc. This study was conducted with the objective of investigating the feasibility of making wood-cement using Poplar sawdust and Portland cement. A total of 30 bricks were made in the laboratories of Wood and production based on ratios of sawdust to cement (5-95, 10-90, 15-85, 25 -75 persent). Mass and volume of samples were measured and then density of bricks was calculated. The composites were tested for compressive strength using testing machine. The mean compressive strength values were 1.75 and 0.38 MPa composites with sawdust to cement ratios of 5-95 and 25-75 respectively, soaked composites swelled irrespective of the sawdust to cement ratio. The compressive strength for the soaked bricks was approximately 40% of the dry weight strength. The composite bricks were found to be unfit for paving and medium heavy load wall construction. Due to their light weight, by imparting decorative mosaics they can be used for interior wall paneling and decoration, where minimal wetting is experienced
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
457
465
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_101561_72e032a8779671578cd8800fed76d8b2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.101561
Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis precursor in hydrothermal method on structure and physical properties of poplar wood
Elham
Hatamzadeh
M.Sc., Student, Department of Wood and paper, Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources University, Sari, Iran.
author
Maryam
Ghorbani
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
author
Poria
bi parva
Assistance professor, Department of sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari,
Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
In this research, effect of the alkaline precursors of soda and ammonia as reagent deposition of zinc oxide nanoparticles using hydrothermal method in structure and physical properties of poplar wood were investigated. The samples of physical test were prepared with dimensions of 2*2*2 cm3 according to ASTM-D4446-05, and divided to three levels; control, Zncl2/NH3 and Zncl2/Naoh at 0.05M concentration and pH=10. Test samples were impregnated with salty precursor in the experimental cylinder using vacuum-pressure method, and in order to adjust the pH, soda and ammonia added. Due to the electron microscope images, change the type of precursor deposition, caused the different structure of ZnO nanoparticle. Retention of zinc oxide nanoparticles, density changes, water absorption, swelling and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) were determined after synthesis. Retention of zinc chloride precursor with ammonia and soda acidity regulator was determined 4.43 and 1.71kg/m3 respectively. Water absorption increased at first hours of immersion, and then decreased. These treatments increased water absorption of wood. Least swelling and water absorption, and maximum ASE were measured in Zncl2/NH3 level.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
466
474
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_13001_08188aa0c09fcffe745aee597d095233.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13001
Evaluation of the effective indexes on industrial buyer satisfaction in the supply chain of the home wooden furniture industry in Tehran province
Asghar
Sobhi Nosrat
Ms.c Student/Islamic Azad University,Karaj Branch
author
Ajang
Tajdini
دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ/ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج،
author
Shademan
Pourmousa
Assistant professor/Islamic Azad University,Karaj Branch
author
text
article
2015
per
In this research by using the professors and specialists ideas and studying the related papers, the effective factors of relations between companies and industrial suppliers were identified and satisfaction concept in the supply chain was measured with investigating trust‚ relation‚ cooperation ‚ accordance with expectations ‚ quality ‚ cost and material provision time and production ‚ order time ‚ and delivery time until transferring to the final costumer variables. Statistics population of the research was considered ‚ all of managers of the companies and raw material suppliers which are active in the home wooden industry of Tehran province in the field of furniture ‚ and considered data were collected by using questionnaire .The research method is based on goal ‚ is applied form and according to implementation way and data collection is correlation description. We have used frequency distribution tables for findings description. In the inference step ‚ we have used spearman correlation tests and path analysis with the help of SPSS16 software. The seven hypothesis are used which one of them was omitted in the analysis step and from six hypotheses which were used, one of them was not accepted. The research results showed that there are significant and heavy relationships between trust ‚ relation and cooperation and cost variables and industrial buyers’ satisfaction. In the case of the time delivery speed, although there is relationship but it isn’t high correlation
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
475
490
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_101472_85825d376932fcfb07ec9a66abd94613.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.101472
Investigation on the mechanical and decay resistance properties of wood modified with maleic anhydride and methyl metacrylate
Azadeh
Nikkhah Shahmirzadi
M.Sc., Student, Department of Wood and paper, Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources University, Sari, I.R. Iran.
author
Maryam
Ghorbani
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources University, Sari, I.R. Iran
author
Seyed Mojtaba
Amininsab
Chemistry department, Sciences faculty, Koordestan University
author
text
article
2015
per
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of modification with maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate on mechanical properties and decay resistance of poplar wood. Samples of mechanical and biological resistance tests were prepared according to ASTM D143-94 and EN113 standards. Treatment levels were divided into 4 groups; control, methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride and combined of maleic anhydride/ methyl methacrylate. Samples were impregnated with maleic anhydride and monomer using vacuum- pressure method with experimental cylinder. Maleic anhydride treated samples were heated in oven for 4 and 24 hours at 150 and 103ºC. For polymerization, methyl methacrylate monomer treated samples were heated in oven at 90ºC for 24 hours, consequently at 103ºC for the same time. Methyl methacrylate polymer coating formed on the cell wall, causing 22.57% improvement in the lateral stability under pressure parallel to grain. Highest value in modules of rupture, elasticity and hardness were measured in combined level with 24.13, 47.13 and 45.53% improvement compared with the control, respectively. Maleic anhydride in the presence of methyl methacrylate, with decreasing polarity of the wood and create a good distribution of the particle and the polymer, resulting in the cross linking formation and transmission of uniform tension that would lead to improved mechanical properties. Also, decay resistance was improved in all levels of modification, so that weight loss declined from 80.4% in control to 4.29% in combined level. Modified with maleic anhydride because of the wood composition change, reduction in moisture absorption ability of cell wall and bulking effect, and the presence of methyl methacrylate in the cell cavities as a physical barrier to the movement of fungi mycelium and moisture, were leading to improved decay resistance.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
490
503
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_13002_a97a6672751c55714abb2ca9865cb486.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13002
Effect of nano-wollastonite, poly vinyl chloride and heavy polyethylene polymers and board structure on fire resistance of particleboard made of pepper stalk and industrial wood
Hossein
Rangavar
Associate Professor of Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee
Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
author
Seid asghar
Alavi seresht
M.sc, Wood Science and Technology Department, The Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher
Training University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano-wollastonite and the use of polymers polyvinyl chloride and heavy polyethylene on the fire resistance of particleboard with three layers made of pepper stalk and industrial wood particles. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive with concentration of 12% containing nanowollastonite with mixing ratio of 10% (based on dry mass of wood material) was used. The board in three levels matched (mixture industrial wood with pepper stalk particles), in the form of three layers, include the core layer pepper stalk particles and the surface layer of industrial wood particles, the core layer industrial wood particles and the surface layer of pepper stalk particles and two levels of heavy polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride polymers and nano in the two levels (with nano and without nano) were considered variable factors. Test specimens for examination of characteristics of fire resistance boards were made to include ignition timing(s), fusion time(s), weight loss(%) and carbonized area(mm2) each in two times of 2 and 30 minutes in accordance with the ISO 11925 standard was prepared and evaluated. The results showed that the use of nano-wollastonite and polyvinyl chloride and heavy polyethylene polymer and the boards were improved fire resistance .In particular, heavy polyethylene polymer has a better effect on the fire resistance of the boards. Three layers boards with industrial wood particles on the surface had a long ignition and fusion time. Moreover, percentage of weight loss and carbonized area in a three layer boards with pepper stalks particles on the surface were low
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
503
512
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_13003_b9176a410a548d62e612469d7b9ae4b0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13003
Depended pH behavior of chitosan on surface modified fibers of Kraft pulp
Noraldin
Nazarnezhad
Associate Prof, Wood and Paper Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources
University, Sari, Iran
author
Naser
Rasol pour hedayati
M.Sc., of pulp and paper industry. Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
author
Omid
Ramazani
Assistant Prof, Cellulose and Paper Technology Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Ziraab, savadkooh, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Chitosan is known as a natural polymer which improves strengths of papers. So, in this study investigated improvement of chitosan absorption on modified craft fibers and increase its efficiency. The effects of chitosan were experimented in three levels of 0%, 0.75% and 1.25% on modified kraft fibers surfaces with 3% hydrogen peroxide in different pH levels (5.5, 7 and 8.5). The results showed that chitosan had better performance at low dosages and alkaline conditions. Also surface fibers modification by hydrogen peroxide caused increase of carboxyl groups and fibers anionic charge. Fibers anionic charge with participant of chitosan formed a dual system. The apparent density increased from acidic pH to alkaline. As, the highest apparent density were reached in alkaline pH and 0.75 % of chitosan. Also, tensile index and burst index of paper were reached in alkaline pH and 0.75 % of chitosan. Whereas, chitosan and the surface modified fibers of kraft pulp did not have a significant level on the tear index
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
513
524
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_101474_827369703178343758576c99609e93c2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.101474
Climate and environmental impacts on beech and oak wood
production in the Hyrcanian forests
Mostafa
Jafari
Member of scientific board and Director of Forest Research Division of RIFR and Lead Author of AR4 & AR5/ IPCC., Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland
author
text
article
2015
per
Environmental and climatic conditions influence growth of the trees as well as beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), a species which is widely spread in the Hyrcanian forests in northern region of Iran. However, in the northern border of the forests, Oak (Quercus macranthera) dominates. Despite the variation in the growth and environmental preferences of beech and oak trees, but experiencing similar climatic and environmental impacts. Therefore, the response of the species could be evaluated simulteneously in various watershed districts. Height and standing volume of Fagus orientalis Lipsky and Quercus castaneifolia as wood producing criteria in response to changes in precipitation, temperature, evaporation, longitude, latitude, elevation and ratio of forest cover to total watershed areas across Hyrcanian forest from Astara to Golidaghi-Golestan was investigated. Results showed, mean forest cover elevation increase significantly with increase in longitude but decreased as latitude increases. The ratio of forest covers to total watershed district areas decreased with increasing longitude and latitude. K-means Cluster Analysis for all variables has been done in 2, 3, 4, and 5 cluster groups using SPSS statistical software to produce cluster dendrograms. In all cluster groups, forests category groups were; height and volume of beech, height and volume of oak, precipitation, the ratio of forest cover area to total areas of watershed districts and temperature, The outcome of this research showed that, beech and oak wood production and growth are primarily affected by the precipitation, the ratio of forest cover to total watershed areas and the temperature, and in the secondary level by longitude, latitude and evaporation. Pearson Correlation at the significance levels of 0.01 and 0.05 are presented.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0913
30
v.
3
no.
2015
386
408
https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_116183_049a401dd33085b47d82dbe133a448ae.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.116183