Research Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Volume 36, Issue 1 - Serial Number 74Volume 36, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7412603110.22092/ijwpr.2021.126031FAJournal Article20220302https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_126031_d09bb31aa221642056756a80f9d7cf58.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Effect of using waste tire rubber on physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia Oriented strand boardsEffect of using waste tire rubber on physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia Oriented strand boards11312322210.22092/ijwpr.2021.343643.1625FAHusseinSamoueiM.Sc., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Gonbad Kavous university, Gonbad, IranFarshidFarajiAssistant Professor, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Gonbad Kavous university, Gonbad, IranLoyaJamaliradAssociate Professor, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Gonbad Kavous university, Gonbad, IranVahidVaziryAssistant Professor, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Gonbad Kavous university, Gonbad, IranJournal Article20200711In this study, the effect of adding WTR on the physical and mechanical properties of OSB production from Paulownia wood was investigated. Fixed factors of this research are: Strands of Paulownia species with dimensions of 0.20 × 0.8 × 120 mm, Phenol formaldehyde resin (in strands 8% dry weight of strands and in waste tire powder 10% dry weight of tire powder). Laboratory boards with a thickness of 17 mm, dimensions of 40 × 40 cm with a nominal density of 0.5 g / cm3, pressing time was 10 minutes and the pressing temperature was 180 ° C. The OSB were production made of 3 layers (top and bottom layer 25%, and middle layer 50% by weight). The OSB were made of 3 layers (top and bottom layer 25%, and middle layer 50% by weight). Variable factors are: the amount of tire powder was 10, 20 and 30% and the distribution of tire powder particles in 3 layers was scattered in the surface layers, in the middle layer and in all three layers. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured as defined in relevant European standards test methods EN 300. The results of physical properties showed, that increasing the waste tire powder improved the thickness swelling of the boards, so that the minimum amount of thickness swelling in the maximum presence of waste tire powder was 30% and scattered in all three layers. The highest amount of mechanical strength was observed in panels made of 10% tire powder, so that the highest amount of MOR in 10% of tire powder and scattered in all three layers and the highest amount of MOE and IB in The same level of consumption was obtained by dispersing the tire powder in the surface layers.In this study, the effect of adding WTR on the physical and mechanical properties of OSB production from Paulownia wood was investigated. Fixed factors of this research are: Strands of Paulownia species with dimensions of 0.20 × 0.8 × 120 mm, Phenol formaldehyde resin (in strands 8% dry weight of strands and in waste tire powder 10% dry weight of tire powder). Laboratory boards with a thickness of 17 mm, dimensions of 40 × 40 cm with a nominal density of 0.5 g / cm3, pressing time was 10 minutes and the pressing temperature was 180 ° C. The OSB were production made of 3 layers (top and bottom layer 25%, and middle layer 50% by weight). The OSB were made of 3 layers (top and bottom layer 25%, and middle layer 50% by weight). Variable factors are: the amount of tire powder was 10, 20 and 30% and the distribution of tire powder particles in 3 layers was scattered in the surface layers, in the middle layer and in all three layers. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured as defined in relevant European standards test methods EN 300. The results of physical properties showed, that increasing the waste tire powder improved the thickness swelling of the boards, so that the minimum amount of thickness swelling in the maximum presence of waste tire powder was 30% and scattered in all three layers. The highest amount of mechanical strength was observed in panels made of 10% tire powder, so that the highest amount of MOR in 10% of tire powder and scattered in all three layers and the highest amount of MOE and IB in The same level of consumption was obtained by dispersing the tire powder in the surface layers.https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123222_262fb877f78f90b7fc87086667c5697c.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Investigation of the effect of nano-wollastonite on the functional properties of gypsum-based composites made of rice strawInvestigation of the effect of nano-wollastonite on the functional properties of gypsum-based composites made of rice straw142512322110.22092/ijwpr.2021.352257.1645FAAliHasanpoor TichiAssistant Prof, Dep. of Wood Science and Engineering, Technical Faculty of No. 2,
Mazandaran Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Sari, IranFardadGolbabaeiWood and Forest Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,
Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, IranMojtabaRezanezhadB.Sc, Student, Dep. of Wood Science and Engineering, Technical Faculty of No. 2, Mazandaran Branch, Technical and Vocational
University (TVU), Sari, IranJournal Article20201019In this study, the possibility of making gypsum-based boards from rice straw chips with different levels was investigated. Variable factors in this study were considered in nano at three levels of 0, 3 and 7% and also the ratio of mixing rice straw to gypsum at three levels ( 5:95 , 10:90 , 15: 85 %). Thus, with the consideration of nine treatments, a total of 27 laboratory boards were constructed. The specific mass of the first target 1.10 gr/cm3 was considered. Mechanical and physical properties of composites include modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours of immersion, and density of boards according to standard (DIN-EN-634) and fire resistance (weight loss percentage) they were measured according to a standard ISO-11925. In order to investigate the common chapter of rice straw and gypsum as well as the distribution of nano-wollastonite, microscopic images (SEM) of the fracture surface of the samples were prepared and the results showed that the composites made with nano-wollastonite had higher mechanical and physical strengths. Microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that the boards made with 7% nano had stronger internal connections and created a uniform structure. In this study, composites made of 7% nano wollastonite with 5% rice straw were selected as the optimal treatment.In this study, the possibility of making gypsum-based boards from rice straw chips with different levels was investigated. Variable factors in this study were considered in nano at three levels of 0, 3 and 7% and also the ratio of mixing rice straw to gypsum at three levels ( 5:95 , 10:90 , 15: 85 %). Thus, with the consideration of nine treatments, a total of 27 laboratory boards were constructed. The specific mass of the first target 1.10 gr/cm3 was considered. Mechanical and physical properties of composites include modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours of immersion, and density of boards according to standard (DIN-EN-634) and fire resistance (weight loss percentage) they were measured according to a standard ISO-11925. In order to investigate the common chapter of rice straw and gypsum as well as the distribution of nano-wollastonite, microscopic images (SEM) of the fracture surface of the samples were prepared and the results showed that the composites made with nano-wollastonite had higher mechanical and physical strengths. Microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that the boards made with 7% nano had stronger internal connections and created a uniform structure. In this study, composites made of 7% nano wollastonite with 5% rice straw were selected as the optimal treatment.https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123221_b8127ec6547c13674e44a6f4960767a0.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Comparing growth rate, wood fiber biometry, and adaptability of different tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla L.) populations planted in GarmsarComparing growth rate, wood fiber biometry, and adaptability of different tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla L.) populations planted in Garmsar263912335310.22092/ijwpr.2021.351954.1637FARezaOladiDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.HamidrezaYavarianDepartment of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, ItanMohammadHosseinSadeghzadeh HallajResearch Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranKambizPourtahmasiDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of TehranJournal Article20200921Tamarisk is a drought-resistant tree that is important environmentally and has industrial applications in some countries. The aim of this study was to compare different populations of this species in terms of diameter growth rate (growth ring width), physiological adaptability (vascular characteristics) and wood application characteristics (fiber biometry). The study was conducted on ten-year-old saplings of six tamarisk populations that had previously been collected from different regions of Iran (Qom, Kashan, Khash, Zabol, Garmsar and Yazd) and planted in Garmsar. The results showed that Garmsar population has the largest diameter and radial growth among populations. This population chose the best strategy for adapting to cold and dry climates by keeping the vessels small and significantly increase their number, instead. This has been the reason for its better radial growth. Although the biometric properties of fibers and paper ratios showed significant statistical differences between populations, these differences were not so great as to have a significant impact on the quality of the resulting paper in practice. Therefore, although the population of Yazd was of better quality in terms of paper parameters, the selection of the best population for industry should not be only based on fiber biometry and other features such as production volume, adaptability to habitat and survival rate of seedlings should be given more importance. The positive correlation between the width of the growth rings and the length of the fibers from the perspective of wood cultivation is very favorable because the treatments that increase the growth rate will also improve the fiber properties. In general, it can be concluded that Garmsar population is the best option for planting and cultivating tamarisk in terms of adaptability to environment and wood farming.Tamarisk is a drought-resistant tree that is important environmentally and has industrial applications in some countries. The aim of this study was to compare different populations of this species in terms of diameter growth rate (growth ring width), physiological adaptability (vascular characteristics) and wood application characteristics (fiber biometry). The study was conducted on ten-year-old saplings of six tamarisk populations that had previously been collected from different regions of Iran (Qom, Kashan, Khash, Zabol, Garmsar and Yazd) and planted in Garmsar. The results showed that Garmsar population has the largest diameter and radial growth among populations. This population chose the best strategy for adapting to cold and dry climates by keeping the vessels small and significantly increase their number, instead. This has been the reason for its better radial growth. Although the biometric properties of fibers and paper ratios showed significant statistical differences between populations, these differences were not so great as to have a significant impact on the quality of the resulting paper in practice. Therefore, although the population of Yazd was of better quality in terms of paper parameters, the selection of the best population for industry should not be only based on fiber biometry and other features such as production volume, adaptability to habitat and survival rate of seedlings should be given more importance. The positive correlation between the width of the growth rings and the length of the fibers from the perspective of wood cultivation is very favorable because the treatments that increase the growth rate will also improve the fiber properties. In general, it can be concluded that Garmsar population is the best option for planting and cultivating tamarisk in terms of adaptability to environment and wood farming.https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123353_1ce6df3e8fc1103054e7e328006debea.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421The effect of harvesing time on kenaf biomass and quality of carton top linerThe effect of harvesing time on kenaf biomass and quality of carton top liner405212358410.22092/ijwpr.2021.343118.1618FASaeedMahdaviPh.D., Wood and Paper Science Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands , Iran,Mohammad HadiRezvaniWood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Materials Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201103Kenaf as an industrial plant can play an important role in providing shortage of virgin fiber for paper and board based on the history of cultivation in Iran. Harvesting time of kenaf is one of the most important economic-technical aspect, so the growth rate of kenaf (variety of Cuba) and the weight ratio of bast, core and pith individually were measured at 5, 6 and 7 months after planting and kenaf biomass was determined after 7 month. Soda-AQ pulping from kenaf bast fiber was adjusted at 14% and 16% chemical charges, 175°C, 120 min., liquor to bast fiber of 5:1 and adding 0.2% AQ. Handsheet was made by the bast pulp from the three harvested times with base weight of 110 g/m2. The results showed that by increasing the harvest period from 5 to 6 and 7 months, stalk height and diameter increased 9% and 5%, and vice versa, respectively. The weight ratio of kenaf bast to core has decreased by increasing of harvest time. Dry and green biomass of kenaf was determined at 33.1 and 7.7 t/ha, respectively. Screen yield, kappa number, and reject were of pulp were measured for combinations of optimal cooking in range of 48.8% to 52.9%, 35.4 to 72.6, and 0.92% to 2.5%, respectively. The beating energy consumption of pulp that prepared from 7 month harvesting time was greater than the others. Optimal conditions were determined as harvesting time of 5 month and cooking variables of 120 min, 165 °C and 16% NaOH for carton top liner. Handmade paper properties compared to kraft liner paper confirms the superiority of paper made from virgin kenaf bast fiber according to national standard of Iran (ISIRI 3054).Kenaf as an industrial plant can play an important role in providing shortage of virgin fiber for paper and board based on the history of cultivation in Iran. Harvesting time of kenaf is one of the most important economic-technical aspect, so the growth rate of kenaf (variety of Cuba) and the weight ratio of bast, core and pith individually were measured at 5, 6 and 7 months after planting and kenaf biomass was determined after 7 month. Soda-AQ pulping from kenaf bast fiber was adjusted at 14% and 16% chemical charges, 175°C, 120 min., liquor to bast fiber of 5:1 and adding 0.2% AQ. Handsheet was made by the bast pulp from the three harvested times with base weight of 110 g/m2. The results showed that by increasing the harvest period from 5 to 6 and 7 months, stalk height and diameter increased 9% and 5%, and vice versa, respectively. The weight ratio of kenaf bast to core has decreased by increasing of harvest time. Dry and green biomass of kenaf was determined at 33.1 and 7.7 t/ha, respectively. Screen yield, kappa number, and reject were of pulp were measured for combinations of optimal cooking in range of 48.8% to 52.9%, 35.4 to 72.6, and 0.92% to 2.5%, respectively. The beating energy consumption of pulp that prepared from 7 month harvesting time was greater than the others. Optimal conditions were determined as harvesting time of 5 month and cooking variables of 120 min, 165 °C and 16% NaOH for carton top liner. Handmade paper properties compared to kraft liner paper confirms the superiority of paper made from virgin kenaf bast fiber according to national standard of Iran (ISIRI 3054).https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123584_de33b5f768e00a460aaac096a3b595ba.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Investigation of the use of chitosan and carboxylic acids as a substitute for urea formaldehyde adhesive in medium density fiberboardInvestigation of the use of chitosan and carboxylic acids as a substitute for urea formaldehyde adhesive in medium density fiberboard536312358510.22092/ijwpr.2021.342658.1606FAAisonaTalaei, Assistant Professor, Department of Wood science & Technology, Material Engineering and New technologies Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityVahidHeydariMSc Student, Department of Wood science & Technology, Material Engineering and New technologies Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20200419In the present study, the functional properties of medium-density fiber board made with formaldehyde urea resin as a control with MDF made with chitosan and carboxylic acids were investigated and compared. Various compounds including chitosan acetate solution, chitosan acetate –butane tetra carboxylic acid solution, chitosan acetate -citric acid solution and citric acid solution were investigated. The chemical structure of specimens was investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of spectroscopy clearly showed the difference in the use of different compounds. The formation of cross-links between cellulose chains and carboxylic acids was confirmed, as well as the formation of hydrogen bonds between chitosan and lignin. Specimens made with the combination of acetate chitosan-BTCA showed better dimensional stability. Also, the internal bonding of MDF specimens made with chitosan acetate solution was higher than controls. Boards made of Chitosan acetate -BTCA compound can be considered as a successful substitute for urea-formaldehyde adhesive due to its better dimensional stability and good internal bonding.In the present study, the functional properties of medium-density fiber board made with formaldehyde urea resin as a control with MDF made with chitosan and carboxylic acids were investigated and compared. Various compounds including chitosan acetate solution, chitosan acetate –butane tetra carboxylic acid solution, chitosan acetate -citric acid solution and citric acid solution were investigated. The chemical structure of specimens was investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of spectroscopy clearly showed the difference in the use of different compounds. The formation of cross-links between cellulose chains and carboxylic acids was confirmed, as well as the formation of hydrogen bonds between chitosan and lignin. Specimens made with the combination of acetate chitosan-BTCA showed better dimensional stability. Also, the internal bonding of MDF specimens made with chitosan acetate solution was higher than controls. Boards made of Chitosan acetate -BTCA compound can be considered as a successful substitute for urea-formaldehyde adhesive due to its better dimensional stability and good internal bonding.https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123585_3fd1db666f76c346218395516f89d618.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Synthesis of a new heterogeneous acidic catalyst from Luffa as a lignocellulosic materialSynthesis of a new heterogeneous acidic catalyst from Luffa as a lignocellulosic material647712378810.22092/ijwpr.2021.351602.1632FAAliKazemi TabriziDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHabibollahKhademi EslamDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAmir HoomanHemmasiDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranBehzadBazyarDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranVahidAtghiaDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200824Abstract<br /> In this study, acidified Luffa (AHS@L), by sulfonic acid, as an effective and biodegradable solid acid catalyst was produced. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results indicated that modified Luffa flour had an intense acidic property. The FT-IR analyze show a broad peak at 3400cm-1 that improve the acidification of the Luffa surface. Also the XRD analyze clearly show the change in the morphology of Luffa after acidification. The TGA analyze show us the heat resistance of the catalyst up to 245 ° C and the SEM images clearly showed that the catalyst surface was hydrated as a result of acidification. The synthesized catalyst was used to protect the amines in the N-tert butyl carbamate reaction under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Different types of aliphatic and aromatic amines have been produced as related monocarbamates with excellent yields and short reaction times. This method was mild and selective and has advantages such as heterogeneous catalysis, low cost and catalyst recovery capability.Abstract<br /> In this study, acidified Luffa (AHS@L), by sulfonic acid, as an effective and biodegradable solid acid catalyst was produced. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the results indicated that modified Luffa flour had an intense acidic property. The FT-IR analyze show a broad peak at 3400cm-1 that improve the acidification of the Luffa surface. Also the XRD analyze clearly show the change in the morphology of Luffa after acidification. The TGA analyze show us the heat resistance of the catalyst up to 245 ° C and the SEM images clearly showed that the catalyst surface was hydrated as a result of acidification. The synthesized catalyst was used to protect the amines in the N-tert butyl carbamate reaction under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Different types of aliphatic and aromatic amines have been produced as related monocarbamates with excellent yields and short reaction times. This method was mild and selective and has advantages such as heterogeneous catalysis, low cost and catalyst recovery capability.https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123788_c09e90e22fb8376c8e3e87e789e875ca.pdfResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsIranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research1735-091336120210421Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of Nanocomposites made of polyvinyl alcohol - Nanofiber cellulose and Nano silicon dioxideEvaluation of physical and mechanical properties of Nanocomposites made of polyvinyl alcohol - Nanofiber cellulose and Nano silicon dioxide788912378910.22092/ijwpr.2021.351805.1635FAMohamadBaiPhd student., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranBehzadBazyarAssistant Prof., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHabibollahKhademi EslamProf., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAbdolahNajafiAssistant Prof., Wood and Paper Sciences & Technology Department. The Faculty of agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, IranAmir HoomanHemasiProf., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200923In this study, the effect of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites made with polyvinyl alcohol was studied and the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Samples were prepared by casting with different ratios of 0, 5 and 10% by weight. The morphology of nanocomposites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Observations of water vapor permeability and water uptake by adding cellulose and nanoxide oxide nanofibers in pure polyvinyl alcohol control film and nanocomposite films with different compositions were significantly different from each other. Tensile strength of nanocomposites showed that increasing the amount of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and the percentage of elongation increased with the addition of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles decreased. The results of the present study show that the addition of small amounts of nanocellulose fibers and silicon nanoparticles strengthens the polyvinyl alcohol polymer and improves the physical and mechanical properties and increases the performance of nanocomposites.In this study, the effect of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites made with polyvinyl alcohol was studied and the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Samples were prepared by casting with different ratios of 0, 5 and 10% by weight. The morphology of nanocomposites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Observations of water vapor permeability and water uptake by adding cellulose and nanoxide oxide nanofibers in pure polyvinyl alcohol control film and nanocomposite films with different compositions were significantly different from each other. Tensile strength of nanocomposites showed that increasing the amount of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and the percentage of elongation increased with the addition of cellulose nanofibers and silicon nanoparticles decreased. The results of the present study show that the addition of small amounts of nanocellulose fibers and silicon nanoparticles strengthens the polyvinyl alcohol polymer and improves the physical and mechanical properties and increases the performance of nanocomposites.https://ijwpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_123789_d62423751288eb90af8e4ad9e23f483d.pdf