Physics and anatomy
Hossein Familian; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad hassan Asareh; Saeed Mahdavi; Sayed mosa Sadeghi; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Ziziphus lotus of the family Rhamnaceae is distributed in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of drought - resistant tree species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. The ...
Read More
Ziziphus lotus of the family Rhamnaceae is distributed in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of drought - resistant tree species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. The results of this study revealed that Ziziphus lotus is a diffuse – porous with basic specific gravity medium and medium - textured wood. The length of vessel elements are medium, the diameter of vessel elements is small, porous with pores round to oval, intervessel pilting, opposite and intermediate, 20 vessels per square millimeter, simple perforation plates, vessel - ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape and half bordered; Vascular tracheids present, there are rarely tyloses and Gums in vessels. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits, thin - to thick – walled and fiber lengths short; Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric and rarely aliform; Ray uniseriate and sometimes biseriate, ray height is short, rays with procumbent, Square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray and one Prismatic crystals in chambered upright and square ray cells, rays 12 per mm, silica bodies in ray cells; There are 7-10 Schizogenous canals in pith.In this species also percentages of cellulose are high but ash and extractive soluble in acetone content was found to be low.
Physics and anatomy
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
Threes, six and 12 years old sample trees of Populos deltoides 77.51 were randomly selected and felled at the safrabasteh research station located in Gilan province. Sample tree transferred to the Alborz research center- Karaj for Laboratory studies; The Laboratory studies included determination of physical, ...
Read More
Threes, six and 12 years old sample trees of Populos deltoides 77.51 were randomly selected and felled at the safrabasteh research station located in Gilan province. Sample tree transferred to the Alborz research center- Karaj for Laboratory studies; The Laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and chemical composition of revealed that with increasing trees age, fiber length and fiber diameter increased. There was significant differences among three ages studied at I percent probability.
Physics and anatomy
Nooshin Toghraie; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Khashayar Keimosa
Abstract
In this research, worked on two juniper trees (Juniperus exelsa L.) in Bakhtiari region as a part of Irano-touranian district. We noted the Sp. Gr. Of wood based on saturated volume 0.52, porosity 64%, volume shrinkage and swelling 10% and 11.3% resp. Anatomical structure and microscopic characteristics ...
Read More
In this research, worked on two juniper trees (Juniperus exelsa L.) in Bakhtiari region as a part of Irano-touranian district. We noted the Sp. Gr. Of wood based on saturated volume 0.52, porosity 64%, volume shrinkage and swelling 10% and 11.3% resp. Anatomical structure and microscopic characteristics had been investigated incidentally. The average length of tracheids 1.3 mm. And the diameter, lumen diameter and thickness of cell wall of tracheids were determined 23.4, 16.3 and 3.5 microns resp. the major pulp indexes are calculated via related formulas.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Fardad Golbabaei; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abbas Fakhryan roghani
Abstract
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) grown at three different elevations of Asalem Forests located at the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 3 different elevations, at different height of trees, ...
Read More
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) grown at three different elevations of Asalem Forests located at the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 3 different elevations, at different height of trees, at 4 different geographical directions of the stems and 2 different moisture contents.The results of statistical analysis revealed that properties of Hornbeam wood from this region was influenced by elevations and to the lessees extend to geographical direction of wood specimens and tree height.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Fardad Golbabaei; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
In this experiment the optimum condition of particleboard uom Date palm residues and prosopis (Mesquite) produced in southern part of Iran was investigated. Variable factors as type of raw-material (Date palm and prosopis), resin content (9, 10 and 11 percent) and press time (5, 6 and 7 minutes) and ...
Read More
In this experiment the optimum condition of particleboard uom Date palm residues and prosopis (Mesquite) produced in southern part of Iran was investigated. Variable factors as type of raw-material (Date palm and prosopis), resin content (9, 10 and 11 percent) and press time (5, 6 and 7 minutes) and total of 18 combinations of variables were investigated.Other factors such as type of resin (UF), hardner content (2 percent) type of hardner (NH4CI)press closing time (4.5 mm/sec.), board density (0.7gr/cm3) press pressure (30 kg/cm2) and press temperature (160 C) were held constant.All boards were tested according to DIN-68763 standard. The factorial experimental design at completely random blocks test was used. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: Increasing the resin content from 9 to 11 percent increased MOR, MOE and ID and decreased thickness swelling after two and 24 hours immersion in water.The highest internal bond (IB) was related to prosopis (Mesquite) boards made at 5 minute, prass time. As far as production of date plam and prosopis (Mesquite) wood is concerned, the results revealed that the polymerization of resin and wood is better at 11 percent resin content and 5 minutes of press time. Date palm residues are important with treatment process according to reference. NO. One. Shape and dimension of chipped and flaked particles of date palm residues are important, because type and characteristics of species are different, in the mean time, as date palm residues has very high bulk density and specific surfaces than prosopis (Mesquite) which it has inverse effect on both physical and mechanical properties, thus it should be considered during the process of particleboards production.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) grown at two different elevations of Asalem Forests located an the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 2 different elevations, at different high of trees, ...
Read More
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) grown at two different elevations of Asalem Forests located an the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 2 different elevations, at different high of trees, at 4 different geographical directions of the stems and 2 different moisture contents.The results of statistical analysis revealed that properties of Beech wood from this region was influenced by elevations and to the lessees extend to geographical direction of wood specimens and tree highs.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this research solid wood properties of sound absorption coefficient in over frequency were investigated. Sound absorption at 2000, 4000 and 8000 in Hertz Frequencies was measured on the influence of effective factors in solid wood. Solid wood variable factors were species (Beech, Poplar and Alder), ...
Read More
In this research solid wood properties of sound absorption coefficient in over frequency were investigated. Sound absorption at 2000, 4000 and 8000 in Hertz Frequencies was measured on the influence of effective factors in solid wood. Solid wood variable factors were species (Beech, Poplar and Alder), fiber direction (Longitudinal, Radial and Tangential) and Frequencies (2000, 4000 and 8000 in hertz). Data was analyzed using factorial experimental design at completely random blocks and DMRT test. The measurements were taken using the sound absorption with standing waves apparatus type 4002. The results of this research indicate that sound absorption at frequencies 2000, 4000 and 8000 in hertz were in maximum level for poplar wood. Longitudinal direction in solid wood had sound absorption maximum levels. Radial and Tangential direction have less sound absorption than Longitudinal direction respectively. Therefore this investigation showed that sound absorption with increasing frequency of 2000 to 8000 hertz, maximum level was considered.
Composite wood products
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Homayon Solimani ashtiani
Abstract
In order to manufacture particleboard from various populus clones species grown in four years short - rotation, eighteen clones from different species of populus grown in "Alborz Research Center" with a control sample of Beech from Caspian Forests totally 19 combination spicement were collected and 3 ...
Read More
In order to manufacture particleboard from various populus clones species grown in four years short - rotation, eighteen clones from different species of populus grown in "Alborz Research Center" with a control sample of Beech from Caspian Forests totally 19 combination spicement were collected and 3 boards from each treatment totally 57 experimental sample boards were produced.The effects of different species and clones of populus on physical and mechanical properties of boards were studied. The results showed that clones P.d 77.51 and P.e.561.41 grown four years had the maximum modulus of repture (MaR). The P.e. 561.41, P.e. vernirubensis showed a high modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bonding (IB) was the maximum in P.d. 44.9, P.n. 63.135. The minimum amount of thickness swelling after 2 hours - immersion were belong to P.d. 77.51, P.n. 42.78 and the thickness swelling after 24 hours immersion were belong to P.n. 63.135 , P.e. 42.78. respectively.It has been shown that most of the different populous clones grown four years - rotation, have the higher applicable properties than control sample for particleboard.The results of this study showed that it is possible to use 4-years-old wood of P.e. 561.41, P.d. 77.51, P.e vernirubensis, P.n. 63.135, P.e. 44.9 woods for particleboard manufacture.
Physics and anatomy
Saeed Mahdavi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; masoudreza habibi
Abstract
In order to evaluate reed as a raw material for wood & paper industries, three main regions of Iran consist of south, North and East were selected for this study. Phragmites australis is dominant species in these regions and this study concentrated on it as well.Chemical components and biometry of ...
Read More
In order to evaluate reed as a raw material for wood & paper industries, three main regions of Iran consist of south, North and East were selected for this study. Phragmites australis is dominant species in these regions and this study concentrated on it as well.Chemical components and biometry of fibers were determined with four and thirty replications respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences among three regions in fiber length and lumen diameter but reversely fiber width and cell wall thickness showed significant differences. The highest fiber length mean was 1.39mm. For North (Anzali) Coefficients of papermaking of fibers also were calculated for each region. Biometerical fiber results, showed that P. australis has good fiber compare to the Iranians hardwoods as papermaking.The results also showed that there are significant differences between regions and subregions at %5 level. North had the highest and lowest cellulose and lignin contents respectively. These results also proved that P.australis is one of the best Iranians' raw materials as cellulose and lignin contents between the others.
Composite wood products
Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Nayeralsadat Sadraei; masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
In this study, the effect of board type, press time and resin content on the strength of particleboard have been evaluated. The boards made for this study contained bagasse and logging residues of Eucalyptus wood particles at a 50 to 50 ratio and employed Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as the binder. Variable ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of board type, press time and resin content on the strength of particleboard have been evaluated. The boards made for this study contained bagasse and logging residues of Eucalyptus wood particles at a 50 to 50 ratio and employed Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as the binder. Variable factors are as follows:- type of board; single layer, three layer- press time; 5 , 6 , 7 , minutes- resin content; 9 , 10 , 11 percentThree boards' were manufactured for each combination of variables. Samples of all the boards made were tested by the methods described in DIN 68763 standard to obtain mean values of bending strength, and internal bond strength (LB). In addition samples of each type of board were tested for thickness swelling after immersion in water for 2 hours and 24 hours respectively.The results of this study show clearly that three layer particleboard has significantly higher bending strength than single layer, but single layer boards have better properties from the physical aspect.
Increasing the content of U.F resin from 9 per cent to 10 per cent was found to reduce the thickness swelling, and tended to improve the strength properties of the board, in both single layer and three layer boards. Press time has significant effect on bending strength and I.B Highest MOR and MOE were observed on three layer board pressed for 7 minutes.
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Nooshin Toghraie; Fardad Golbabaei; Nayeralsadat Sadraei
Abstract
In order to investigate The properties of wood eight-nineteen-years- old trees of Eucalyptus microtheca from De-hnow exprimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several ...
Read More
In order to investigate The properties of wood eight-nineteen-years- old trees of Eucalyptus microtheca from De-hnow exprimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 metres intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transfered to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood. The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM samples for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. microtheca from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.804, fiber length of 0.811 mm, fiber diameter of 15.9 mm, lumen diameter of 5.7 mm, cell wall, thickness 5 mm, cellulose content of 44.47 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 72.50 MPa, 8066.6 MPa and 38.5 MPa and air-dried condition were 120.7 MPa, 12013.8 MPa and 69.80 MPa respectively.Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and et
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Habibalah Arabtabar; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ali Rezanezhad; Ghanbar Ebrahimi
Abstract
The economical importance of railroads and their development in Iran have been caused those annually 500000 wood sleepers to be required, if sleepers are to be maintained in suitable condition. However, the wood resources are also limited, specially producing roadbeds with high classes. For conservation ...
Read More
The economical importance of railroads and their development in Iran have been caused those annually 500000 wood sleepers to be required, if sleepers are to be maintained in suitable condition. However, the wood resources are also limited, specially producing roadbeds with high classes. For conservation of natural resources (Forests) we need to use logs with lower classes as well. The process of lamination can permits manufacturing sleepers from small logs. Therefore, the manufacturing of two half laminated ties (interface vertical or horizontal) were lower. As in Iranian beech is usually used for manufacturing sleepers, in this study it was also utilized to make dowel-laminated sleepers. The results of this study showed that, the processes of impregnation of dowel-laminated sleepers with preservative (Creosote) and depth of its penetration were better established than in usual sleepers. Laboratory test indicated that modulus of elasticity of two half laminated - vertical sleepers was the same as the usual sleepers but this resistance in two half laminated - horizontal sleepers was decreased. Finally after five years exposure under extensive service, tests no failures in dowel-laminated sleepers especially in vertical shapes were observed.
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 ...
Read More
In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 for sapwood respectively. Mean of fiber length, diameter and cell wall thickness were measured at 0.78 mm, 15.68 mm and 4.560 mm for heartwood respectively. The corresponding figures for sapwood are 0.84 mm, 15.72 mm and 4.88 mm.Pulps were produce by two processes, Kraft (as a chemical process) and NSSC (as a semi-chemical process). Pulp properties of these two processes were compared. Yield and Kappa number of Pulp depend on cooking condition are 36.42-53.25 percent and 21.68-87.68 for Kraft Pulps and 64.59-70.91 percent and 130-189 for NSSC pulp respectively. Physical properties of pulps consist of burst and tear Index and breaking length were measured at 3.90-4.84 kPa.m2/g and 8.34-11.01 mN.m2/g and 5.36-6.94 Km for Kraft Pulps respectively. These properties for NSSC Pulp are 1.72-2.89 kPam2/g, 7.46-8.26 mNm2/g and 4.11-5.14 Km.
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Habialah Arabtabar; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Familian; Nayeralsadat Sadraei; Masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalytus steriaticalyx from Dehnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were ...
Read More
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalytus steriaticalyx from Dehnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. From each tree, 10 cm thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood.The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM samples for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. steriaticalyx from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.935, fiber length of 0.881 mm, fiber diameter of 16.063 m, lumen diameter of 4.465 m, cell wall thickness 5.789 m, cellulose content of 47.07 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 67.35 MPa, 8649 MPa and 35.36 MPa and air- condition were 117.53 MPa, 13397 MPa and 72.31 MPa respectively.Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
Physics and anatomy
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian; Kamyar Salehi; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Fardad Golbabaei; Habibalah Arabtabar; Nayeralsadat Sadraei
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus intertexta from Sarab bahman experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) ...
Read More
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus intertexta from Sarab bahman experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood. The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM methods for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. intertexta from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.86, fiber length of 0.71 mm, fiber diameter of 25.26 mm, lumen diameter of 4.04 mm, cell wall thickness 5.62 mm, cellulose content of 45.95; lignin 28.2; extractives soluble in alcohol - Banzen 4.28 and ash 0.62 percent.It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 74.21 MPa, 8454 MPa and 38.52 MPa and air-dried condition were 123.47 MPa, 14667 MPa and 77.99 MPa respectively. Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Noshin Toghraei; Nayerolsadat Sadraei; Fardad Golbabaei; Ahmad Hemati
Pulp and paper
Kamyar Salehi; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing bagasse in high yield pulping, CMP and CTMP pulp from bagasse was compared.APMP pulping process was also investigated. Bagasse fiber length, diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 1166mm, 19.63 mLm,7.47 mLm, and ...
Read More
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing bagasse in high yield pulping, CMP and CTMP pulp from bagasse was compared.APMP pulping process was also investigated. Bagasse fiber length, diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 1166mm, 19.63 mLm,7.47 mLm, and 6.09 mLm respectively. Chemical composition was as follow: cellulose 553 %, lignin 20.5 %, ash 1.98% and extractive 2.9 %.The results and comparison of CMP and CTMP pulp are as follow: CTMP pulp yield was 3-4% higher than CMP pulp and the highest CTMP pulp at 80.7% was obtained at 15% NaOH application and 15 minutes chemical treatment time.Breaking length of both pulp was almost equal, but the burst index of CMP pulp was higher and the tear index was lower than CTMP. The highest breaking length of 3.85Kmwas obtained at 15% NaOH and 10 minutes, highest burst index of 4.81 KPa.m2/grat 20% NaOH and 20 minutes and highest tear index at 6.87 mN.m2/grat 15% NaOH and 15 minutes treatment time. Various treatments in APMP pulping reveald the following results: - Two stage pulping yield was almost 6% higher than one stage pulping and addition of H2O2 did not significant improve the yield.- The highest breaking length was related and two stage pulping. But addition of H2O2 in last stage and the lowest breaking length was related and two stage pulping with split application both NaOH and H202.- Even though two stage pulping with the addition of H2O2 in one stage produced highest burst index, but lowest burst index was with the CMP pulps.- Addition of DTPA produced highest brightness and opacity.
Physics and anatomy
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Fardad Golbabaei; Nayeralsadat Sadraei
Abstract
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus camaldulensis from De- hnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) ...
Read More
Eight-nineteen-year-old trees from Eucalyptus camaldulensis from De- hnow experimental Plantation located 160 Km. South west of Shiraz were selected randomly and fell two from each of the four blocks. Form each tree, 10 cm. thick cross-sectional discs at several different heights (3 meters intervals) were cut and together with remaining boles then transferred to the Alborz Research Center-Karaj for laboratory studies. The laboratory studies included determination of physical, anatomical and mechanical properties as well as chemical compositions of wood.The mechanical properties were evaluated on the ASTM methods for air-dry and green conditions. The following conclusions were drawn from this study:E. camaldulensis from one site in southern region of Iran has an average specific gravity of 0.806, Fiber length of 1.043 mm, fiber diameter of 15.38 mm, lumen diameter of 4.84 mm, cell wall thickness 5.29 mm, cellulose content of 42.5 percent. It was found that the mean values of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength-parallel to grain tested at green condition were 81.19 MPa, 10887 MPa and 67.39 MPa respectively.Data are also presented on other mechanical properties such as impact strength, nail withdrawal cleavage and etc.
Pulp and paper
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation some anatomical, chemical and pulping suitability of two Iranian hardwood species which predominate in the Caspian forests were examined. The species are carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) and parotia persica (Ironwood).The results of this study revealed that:The average fiber length of ...
Read More
In this investigation some anatomical, chemical and pulping suitability of two Iranian hardwood species which predominate in the Caspian forests were examined. The species are carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) and parotia persica (Ironwood).The results of this study revealed that:The average fiber length of carpinus betulus is 1.4 mm., fiber diameter 18 mm, and cell wall thickness 3.37 mm, while inparotia persica, fiber length, cell diameter and cell wall thickness are 1.34 mm, 17.3 mm and 3.48 mm respectively.The overall average of cellulose content: of carpinus betulus and Parotia persica were measured at 48.5, and 46.1 percent, and the lignin content at 17.5 and 21.5 percent respectively.The wood of each of the above species was cooked by means of a kraft process without difficulty but, there was a slight decrease in yield and kappa number with increase active alkali.The pulping yield with active alkali of14% was about 49.6 and with 20% was 43.44 percent, while the pulping yield of parotia persica in active alkali of 14% was 43.04 and in 20% about 37.79 percent. Thus, it may be concluded that for production of wrapping paper from carpinus betulus and parotia percica, using active alkali of 14% might give better quality paper and for production of printing paper from these two species active alkali of 20 percent might be desirable.
Composite wood products
Reza Hajihassani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood for particle -board production and determinating physical and mechanical properties of boards have been studied. Variable factors such as resin content in three levels (9, 10 and 11 percent) and press time in three levels (5, 6 and 7 minutes) were investigated.Other ...
Read More
In this investigation Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood for particle -board production and determinating physical and mechanical properties of boards have been studied. Variable factors such as resin content in three levels (9, 10 and 11 percent) and press time in three levels (5, 6 and 7 minutes) were investigated.Other factors such as resin type, hardner type, closing press time, mat moisture, board density and etc. were assumed constant. Three boards were produced for each combination of variables. Based on the DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties including Modulus of Rupture (MGR), Modulus of Elastisity (MOE), Internal Bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS2 and TS24) after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water were tested.Based on the factorial experimental design at completely random block test data was analysis. The rcsuHs showed that polymerization of resin could be better at the amount of 11 percent resin content and 7 minutes of press time for partideboard production from Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Nooshin Toghraie; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
To determine major engineering properties of Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus L.) in Vaisar region of Caspian Forests (North of Iran), adopting ASTM (D-143) Standard specifications, the matched small clear specimens were prepared. The test materials were derived from three randomly chosen trees. Mechanical ...
Read More
To determine major engineering properties of Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus L.) in Vaisar region of Caspian Forests (North of Iran), adopting ASTM (D-143) Standard specifications, the matched small clear specimens were prepared. The test materials were derived from three randomly chosen trees. Mechanical and physical properties were measured on two moisture states: green and air - dried (at 12% moisture content).The influence of locations of specimens in the height of tree trunks and geographical directions were tested on target properties. From the results of this study it could be concluded that, there were no significant differences between the various heights and geographical directions from the pith for most of the properties investigated.Toughness was not influenced by moisture content. The average value of hardness of Hornbeam wood in transverse sections were the same as side_grain sections in green condition, but air-drying caused increasing the value of cross - sections about 30% The compression strength perpendicular r to the grain showed differences in wet and dry conditions.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties were determined of particleboards produced from Tamarix wood using 3 resin contents (9, 10 and 11%) and 3 pressing times (5, 6 and 7 min). Other factors such as resin type, hardener type, closing press time, mat moisture and board density (etc.) were assumed invariable. ...
Read More
The physical and mechanical properties were determined of particleboards produced from Tamarix wood using 3 resin contents (9, 10 and 11%) and 3 pressing times (5, 6 and 7 min). Other factors such as resin type, hardener type, closing press time, mat moisture and board density (etc.) were assumed invariable. Three boards were. produced for each combination of the 2 variable types. Based on DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 h immersion in water (TS2 and TS24) were tested. The best results were obtained with 11% resin and 6 min pressing time.
Composite wood products
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Fardad Golbabaei; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Sayed Javad Sepidehdam; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Kraft pulping of Pinus eldarica wood was carried out at 18% active alkali, 25% sulphidity and pulping temperature & Time of 165 C and 90 minutes pulp was compared with imported unbleached long fibre pulp with the kappa number of 34. Pinus eldarica pulp (500 ml csf) and imported long fibre pulp 120 ...
Read More
Kraft pulping of Pinus eldarica wood was carried out at 18% active alkali, 25% sulphidity and pulping temperature & Time of 165 C and 90 minutes pulp was compared with imported unbleached long fibre pulp with the kappa number of 34. Pinus eldarica pulp (500 ml csf) and imported long fibre pulp 120 g/m2 hand sheets were prepared for testing. Blending ratios were kept at 5, 10, 15 and 20% for both long fibre pulps.
Upon mixing 5, 10, 15, 20% Pinus eldarica pulp with hardwood pulp, breaking length increased to 6.9, 7.77, 8.01 and 9.14 Km. Respectively, and corresponding figures for imported pulp addition were 6.71, 8.2, 8.25 and 9.27 Km respectively. Tear index is also measured. Adding 5, 10, 15, 20% Pinus eldarica pulp to local hardwood pulp produced tear indexes of 5.93, 6.95, 6.65, 7.08 mNm2/g respectively and corresponding figures for imported pulp 5.38, 5.61 and 5.60 kPa. m2/g with blending above percentages of P. eldarica pulp and 4.78, 5.27, 5.38 and 6.23 kPa. m²/g upon addition of imported pulp.
Saeid Javad Sepideh dam; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
