Wood Modification and Wood Preservation
mostafa maleki golandouz; ali Bayatkashkoli; Hadi Gholamiyan; Mahmoud Reza Hosseini Tabatabaei; Saeed Reza farrokhpayam
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Date palm is one of the important sources of lignocellulosic materials in Iran. The structure of date palm wood is a monocot plant and is very different from the wood of dicot trees. This raw material needed to be studied, therefore, an environmentally friendly approach ...
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Abstract
Background and Objective: Date palm is one of the important sources of lignocellulosic materials in Iran. The structure of date palm wood is a monocot plant and is very different from the wood of dicot trees. This raw material needed to be studied, therefore, an environmentally friendly approach to date palm modification and the behavior of some mechanical properties for use in the wood and furniture industry was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Four date palms were obtained from Sistan and Baluchestan province in Zabol city. The trunks were cut into four two-meter sections along the trunk for lightness and ease of transportation in the wood cutting workshop of the Faculty of Natural Resources, Zabol University. Test samples were prepared from different positions along the cross sections and at different heights inside the trunk. The aforementioned samples were prepared and prepared for mechanical testing and thermal modification. To determine the mechanical properties before modification, tests of tensile strength parallel to the vascular bundles, tensile strength perpendicular to the vascular bundles, shear strength parallel to the vascular bundles, and compressive strength parallel to the vascular bundles were performed. The test specimens were modified for heat treatment in a heat chamber (oven) at 11 different temperatures (120 to 210°C) by maintaining a constant temperature for 2 hours and the same time. The behavior of some properties including flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, roughness meter, and resistance to screws and nails were tested before and after the thermal modification operation for the suitability in the furniture industry. Analysis of variance of heat treatment was performed at different temperatures.
Results: The results showed that the average mechanical properties before modification, tensile strength tests parallel to vascular bundles, tensile strength perpendicular to vascular bundles, shear strength parallel to vascular bundles, and compressive strength parallel to vascular bundles were determined with an average of 85.07, 1.31, 3.58, and 19.79 kg/cm2, respectively. During the modification operation, light smoke and a very fragrant odor with a pleasant aroma were emitted in the laboratory. This phenomenon was one of the signs of changes in the properties of date palm after modification. Also, the behavior of some properties, including the bending strength (MOR) of unmodified and modified date palm samples, was recorded with an average of 39.109 and 70.719 kg/cm2, respectively. The highest average modulus of elasticity (MOE) was calculated to be 2356.38 and 2677.57 kg/cm2, respectively. The modification process at different temperatures showed that in the temperature range of 160 oC, an increase in MOR and an increase in MOE occurred. However, with increasing heat treatment temperature in subsequent samples, the MOR and MOE values decreased. In the 210 oC treatment, the samples had almost a superficial burn state. Also, the screw resistance test showed an increase in resistance compared to the nail after modification. The results of the roughness test after modification, in the temperature range of 150 and 160 oC, witnessed a low level of surface changes and smoothness.
Conclusion: Referring to this research, it is the beginning of entering into creating basic knowledge for thermal modification of date palm wood. Overall, it offers promising ways to tailor the properties of this lignocellulosic material to suit different applications while maintaining its renewable and environmentally friendly nature. Embracing these advances may pave the way for the development of these innovative and sustainable materials in the wood, furniture, and home interior industries in the coming years.
Composite wood products
Saeid Ismaeilimoghadam; Mohammad Shamsian; Ali Bayat Kashkoli; Behzad Kord
Abstract
This research with aim of evaluation the effect of chemical treatment of wood flour on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene-nano SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite were done. For this purpose, wood flour with sodium hydroxide and benzyl chloride to chemically treatment. For ensure ...
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This research with aim of evaluation the effect of chemical treatment of wood flour on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene-nano SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite were done. For this purpose, wood flour with sodium hydroxide and benzyl chloride to chemically treatment. For ensure the chemical treatment, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests was done on the treated and untreated wood flour. Wood flour at 60% weight ratio with polypropylene with 4% maleic anhydrate grafted polypropylene coupling agent in extrusion were mixed. Also Nano SiO2 with 0, 1, 3 and 5% as filler was used. The sample specimen were manufactured by using injection molding techniques. Then mechanical tests such as bending resistance and modulus and physical tests such as water absorption and thickness swelling according to the ASTM standard was done on the samples. Also for morphological investigation on the Nano composites from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Results showed that the bending resistance and modulus increased with effect of chemical treatment but water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. With increase of Nano SiO2 to 3% the mechanical properties increased but adding further amount Nano particles reduced the mechanical properties. With increase of SiO2 Nano particles to 5% the water absorption in Nano composites were increased, but thickness swelling was decrease. The results of SEM showed an improvement in interface between filler and matrix with effect of chemical treatment Also transmittance of Nano SiO2 to 3% levels was good.
Ali Bayatkashkoli; Mehdi Jamshedzadeh
Abstract
Member joints and furniture designs are very important in the production of these elements and the strength of the structure is affected by both the joints and designs. The performance of the chairs made from poplar wood against the front to back load test and also, mechanical strength of mortise and ...
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Member joints and furniture designs are very important in the production of these elements and the strength of the structure is affected by both the joints and designs. The performance of the chairs made from poplar wood against the front to back load test and also, mechanical strength of mortise and tenon and dowel joints were evaluated and compared. Two types common wooden chairs having side stretcher or without side stretcher, and also the chairs structured by common joints and poly vinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive are evaluated and their maximum strength were measured. The results showed that treatments and intercept treatments were statistically significant with the 95% confidence. Duncan analysis for comparison of the averages showed that maximum load of different treatments can be classified into four category; A; Pattern of side stretcher with mortise and tenon joint (984.5 N), B; Pattern of side stretcher with dowel joint (892.4 N), C; Pattern without side stretcher with mortise and tenon joint (303.3 N), D; Pattern without side stretcher with dowel joint (260.2 N). Since, all treatments showed statistically significant differences, it can be conclude that the maximum strength of the chairs is significantly influenced by the pattern of side stretcher and the other factor is the mortise and tenon joint.
