Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Effect of chemical modification of wood flour on properties of polypropylene-nano SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant professor in Science & Wood Industry & Paper Group, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.

3 Associate professor, in Science & Wood Industry & Paper Group, Zabol University, zabol, Iran

4 Department of Paper and Packaging Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

This research with aim of evaluation the effect of chemical treatment of wood flour on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene-nano SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite were done. For this purpose, wood flour with sodium hydroxide and benzyl chloride to chemically treatment. For ensure the chemical treatment, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests was done on the treated and untreated wood flour. Wood flour at 60% weight ratio with polypropylene with 4% maleic anhydrate grafted polypropylene coupling agent in extrusion were mixed. Also Nano SiO2 with 0, 1, 3 and 5% as filler was used. The sample specimen were manufactured by using injection molding techniques. Then mechanical tests such as bending resistance and modulus and physical tests such as water absorption and thickness swelling according to the ASTM standard was done on the samples. Also for morphological investigation on the Nano composites from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Results showed that the bending resistance and modulus increased with effect of chemical treatment but water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. With increase of Nano SiO2 to 3% the mechanical properties increased but adding further amount Nano particles reduced the mechanical properties. With increase of SiO2 Nano particles to 5% the water absorption in Nano composites were increased, but thickness swelling was decrease. The results of SEM showed an improvement in interface between filler and matrix with effect of chemical treatment Also transmittance of Nano SiO2 to 3% levels was good.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
 
- Albano, C., Ichazo, M., Gonzalez, J., Delgado, M., and Poleo, R. 2001. Effects of filler treatments on the mechanical and morphological behavior of PP+wood flour and PP+sisal fiber. Journal of Material Research Innovate, 4(5-6): 284-293.
- American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2011. Standard guide for evaluating mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite products. Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia. ASTM D7031-11.
- American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2012. Standard practice for injection molding test specimens of thermoplastic molding and materials. ASTM D3641-12. Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia.
- American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2013. Standard practice for conditioning plastics for testing. ASTM D618-13. For testing. ASTM D618-13. Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia.
- American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2013. Standard test method for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials. ASTM D790-10. Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia.
- Bikiaris, D., Karavelidis, V., and Karayannidis, G. 2006. A new approach to prepare poly (ethylene terephthalate)/silica Nano composites with increased molecular weight and fully adjustable branching or crosslinking by SSP. Macromol. Rapid Commun,27(15): 1199–1205.
- Chae, D.W. and Kim, B.C. 2007. Effects of introducing silica particles on the rheological properties and crystallization behavior of poly (ethylene terephthalate). J. Mater. Sci, 42(4): 1238–1244.
- Chung, S.C., Hahm, W.G., and Im, S.S. 2002. Poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) Nano composites filled with fumed silicas by melt compounding. Macromol. Res, 10(4): 221-229.
- Deka, B.K., and Maji, T.K. 2012. Effect of SiO2 and Nano clay on the properties of wood polymer Nano composite. Polymer. Bull, DOI 10.1007/s00289-012-0799-6.
- Dominkovics, Z., Danyadi, L., and puka'nszky, B. 2007. Surface modification of wood flour and its effect on the properties of PP/wood composites. Composites Part A, 38(8): 1893-1901.
- Evans, P.D., Wallis, A.F.A., and Owen, N.L. 2000. Weathering of chemically modified of scote pine acetylated to different weight gains. Wood science and technology, 34(2): 151-165.
- Ghasemi, I., and Farsi, M. 2010. Interfacial behavior of wood plastic composite: effect of chemical treatment on wood fibers. Iran Polymer Journal, 19(10): 811–818.
- Guyard, A., Persello, J., Boisvert, J.P., and Cabane, B. 2006. Relationship between the polymer/silica interaction and properties of silica composite materials. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 44(7): 1134–1146.
- Hill, C. 2006. Wood modification chemical. Thermal and other process John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 88-109.
- Ismaeilimoghadam, S. 2014. Effect of Chemical Modification of Wood Flour on the Properties of Polypropylene- Nano SiO2 Hybrid Nano Composite. Master thesis Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Zabol University, pp 201.
- Ismaeilimoghadam, S. Shamsian, M. Bayat Kashkoli, A. Kord, B. 2015. Evaluation of effect of Nano SiO2 on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of hybrid Nano composite from polypropylene-wood flour. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research. 30(2): 266-277
- Kalia, S., Kaith, B.S., and Kaur, I. 2009. Pretreatment of natural fiber and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites. A review polymer Engineering and science, 49(7): 1253-1272.
- Kord, B., and Taghizadeh Haratbar, D. 2014. Influence of fiber surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-reinforced polypropylene bionanocomposites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 1–14.
- Li, X, Tabil, L.G., and Panigrahi, S. 2007. Chemical treatments of natural fiber for use in natural fiber reinforced composites: a review. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 15(1): 25–33.
- Liu, W., Mohanty, M., and Askeland, A.K. 2004. Influence of fiber surface treatment on properties of Indian grass fiber reinforced soy protein based bio composites. Journal Polymer Science, 45(22): 7589–7596.
- Liu, X.Q., Wang, Y., Yang, W., Liu, Z.Y., Luo, Y., Xie, B.H., and Yang, M.B. 2012. Control of morphology and properties by the selective distribution of Nano-silica particles with different surface characteristics in PA6/ABS blends. Journal of Materials Science, 47(11): 4620-4631.
- Lu, Z., Wu, Q., and Mc Nabb, S. 2000. Chemical coupling in wood fiber and polymer composites: A review of coupling agents and treatments. Wood and Fiber Science, 32(1): 88-104.
- Matuana, L.M., Balatinec, J., and Park, C.B. 2001. Surface characteristics of esterified cellulosic fiber by XPS and spectroscopy. Wood Science and Technology, 35(3): 191–201. 
- Matuana, L.M., Park, C.B., and Balatinecz, J.J. 1998. Cell morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed PVC/wood fiber composites. Polymer Engineering & Science, 38(11): 1862-1872.
- Militz, H., and Beckers, E.P.J. 1994. Process for acetylating solid wood. European Patent Application, 85850268.5.
- Mishra, S., Tripathy, S.K and Mohanty, A.K. 2001. Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on chemically modified sisal fibers. Macromol Mater Eng, 286(2): 107–113.
- Mohebby, B. 2003. Biological attack of acetylated wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Gottingen University, Gottingen, p. 147.
- Nourbakhsh, A., Karegarfard, A., and Ashori, A. 2010. Effects of particle size and coupling agent concentration on mechanical properties of particulate-filled polymer composites. J Thermoplastic Compos Mater, 23(2): 169–174. 
- Oksman, K., and Sain, M. 2008. Wood-polymer composites. Cambridge: Wood head Publishing Ltd, p. 366.
- Ozmen, N., Cetin, N.S., Mengeloglu, F., Birinci, E., and Karakus, K. 2013. Effect of wood acetylation with vinyl acetate and acetic anhydride on the properties of wood plastic composite. Journal of bio resources, 8(1): 753-767.
- Parvinzadeh, M., Moradian, S., Rashidi, A., and Yazdanshenas, M.E. 2010. Surface characterization of polyethylene terephthalate/silica Nano composites. Applied Surface Science, 256(9): 2792-2802.
- Quercia, G., Spiesz, P., Husken, G., and Brouwers, J. 2012. Effects of Amorphous Nano silica addition on mechanical and durability performance of scc mixture. International congress on durability of concrete, 8-12.
- Raj, R.G., and Kokta, B.V. 1989. Effect of chemical treatment of fiber composites. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 3(1): 55–64.
- Rong, M.Z., Zhang, M.Q., Pan, S.L., Lehmann, B., and Friedrich, K. 2004. Analysis of the interfacial interactions in polypropylene/silica Nano composites. Polymer International, 53(2): 176–183.
- Rowell, R.M. 1997. Chemical modification of wood: Advantages and disadvantages Proceedings Am. Wood Preservers, Association: 1-10.
- Rowell, R.M., Sandi, A.R., and Gatenholm, D.F. 1997. Utilization of natural fibers in plastic composites problem and opportunities in lignocellulose composites. J Compos, 18: 23–51.
- Susheel, K., Kaith, B.S., and Inderjeet, K. 2009. Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites: a review. Polymer Engineering & Science, 49(7): 1253–1272.
- Tian, X., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Zheng, J., Ruan, C., and Cui, P. 2006. Preparation and properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate)–silica Nano composites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, 45(4): 507-513.
- Tjong, S.C. 2006. Structural and mechanical properties of polymer Nano composites. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 53(3-4): 73–197.
- Wang, L.K., Wang, L., Chen, Y., and Zhang, C.H. 2005. Preparation, morphology and thermal/mechanical properties of epoxy/Nano clay composite. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(11): 1890–1896.
- Woodhams, R.T., Thomas, G., and Rodgers, D.K. 1984. Wood fibers as reinforcing fillers for polyolefin. Polymer Engineering & Science, 24(15): 1166–1171.
- Xanthos, M. 2005. Functional fillers for plantics. Wiley, Weinheim.
- Xu, X., Li, B., Lu, H., Zhang, Z., and Wang, H. 2008. The effect of the interface structure of different surface-modified Nano-SiO2 on the mechanical properties of nylon 66 composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107(3): 2007–2014.
- Zhang, M.Q., Rong, M.Z., Zhang, H.B., and Rich, K.F. 2003. Mechanical properties of low Nano- silica filled high density polyethylene composites. Polymer Engineering & Science, 43(2): 490-500.
- Zhang, X., Tian, X., Zheng, J., Yao, X., Liu, W., Cui, P., and Li, Y. 2008. Relationship between microstructure and tensile properties of PET/Silica Nano composite fibers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, 47(2): 368–377.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research
Volume 30, WINTER 4 - Serial Number 53
December 2015
Pages 674-689
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 19 April 2015
  • Revise Date: 10 June 2015
  • Accept Date: 16 June 2015
Share
How to cite
Statistics