Jafar Ebrahimpour Kasmani; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
This research was carried out with aim of the effect of nano-clay (NC) content on mechanical, thermogravimetry (TG) and morphological properties of wood plastic composite (WPC) made of medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard (PB) wastes and recycled polypropylene and polyethylene (HDPE). For ...
Read More
This research was carried out with aim of the effect of nano-clay (NC) content on mechanical, thermogravimetry (TG) and morphological properties of wood plastic composite (WPC) made of medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard (PB) wastes and recycled polypropylene and polyethylene (HDPE). For this purpose, wastes of MDF and PB at 50 wt.% , recycled PP and HDPE at 50 wt.%, maleic anhydride grafted with polymers at a constant level of 3 wt.% and nanoclay at three different levels 3, 6, and 9 wt.% were blended by two-wire extruder. Afterward, standard test pieces were made using an injection molding machine and their mechanical properties and TGA were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was applied to investigate the quality of nanoclay particles dispersion in the matrice as well as how the lignocellulosic and polymers are bonded at the surface of bonding. The results showed that tensile and flexural strength and their modulus of HDPE and PB composite significantly were increased by adding NC up to 3 wt.%, but the strengths were dropped in WPC's by increasing of NC content at 6 and 9 wt.%. The notched impact strength of WPC has been totally decreased by NC addition that indicates more fracture surface on WPC's. SEM micrographs revealed that porosity and cavities in WPC's especially were decreased at 9 wt.% NC, whereas it is clear an inappropriate dispersion and aggregation of NC in WPC. The thermal stability of WPC's was slightly improved at 3 wt.% NC and the residual after combustion increased compared to the control.
Composite wood products
Sina Khodaparast; Ahmad Jahan - Latibari; Mehran Rohnia
Abstract
The effect of compounding process applying two methods of one and two step mixing on the properties of nanocomposite is investigated. Nanocomposites were produced using polypropylene, cellulosic fibers, MAPP and nanolay as reinforcement. 1.5 and 3% MAPP and 0,2, and 4% nanoclay were used as the variable ...
Read More
The effect of compounding process applying two methods of one and two step mixing on the properties of nanocomposite is investigated. Nanocomposites were produced using polypropylene, cellulosic fibers, MAPP and nanolay as reinforcement. 1.5 and 3% MAPP and 0,2, and 4% nanoclay were used as the variable factor and 20% fibers was used. Melt flow index was measured on compounds produced using one or two steps mixing. Either compounds were mixed with fibers and MAPP and then the test specimens were made and tested according to ASTM test procedures. The results revealed that the two steps mixing increased the mechanical properties. The melt flow index of one step mixing was lower and the melt flow index of initial mixing of polypropylene with nanoclay was very high and it was reduced after compounding with fibers and MAPP. The results revealed that at higher dosages of the nanoclay tensile and bending modulus of the composite increased and tensile strength and modulus of rupture decreased.
Management and Economics wood
Amineh Behzadi Shahrebabak; Mehrab Madhoushi; Mohammad reza MastriFarahani
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nanoclay and coupling agent on decay resistance and physical properties (including water absorption and thickness swelling) of nanoclay- Polyethylene- MDF sanding- powder composite were investigated. For this aim, MDF sanding dust and polyethylene were used as lignocellulose ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of nanoclay and coupling agent on decay resistance and physical properties (including water absorption and thickness swelling) of nanoclay- Polyethylene- MDF sanding- powder composite were investigated. For this aim, MDF sanding dust and polyethylene were used as lignocellulose and thermoplastic material respectively. Also, Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was used in different weight percentages; 3% and 6% as a compatibilizer and nanoclay .Cloisite®15A was used in different weight percentages 2%, 4% and 6%.At first, raw materials were producted to fabricate granules by using twin-screw extruder. Then 36 panels (12 treatments by 3 repetitions) were made by hot pressing with 1 g/cm3 nominal density at dimensions by 30 cm × 28 cm × 1 cm. Then, water absorption and thickness swelling and decay resistant (loss weight) were investigated. Specimens were exposed to Trametes versicolor for 3 months, according to ASTM-D1413 standard. The results shown, water absorption and thickness swelling reduce with increasing MAPE significantly. While, at the time when nanoclay was added 2% (phr), water absorption and thickness swelling reduced significantly and then increased. Also, decay resistance was improved with increasing coupling agent and nanoclay.
Amir Lashgari; Ayob Eshghi; Abolfazl Karegarfard; Ajang Tajedini
Abstract
In this research, the effect of nanoclay-particles on physical and mechanical properties of composites made using almond shell powder-polypropylene was studied. For this purpose, almond shell powder and nanoclay were used in three levels of 30%, 35% and 40% for almond and 0%, 2.5% and 5% for ...
Read More
In this research, the effect of nanoclay-particles on physical and mechanical properties of composites made using almond shell powder-polypropylene was studied. For this purpose, almond shell powder and nanoclay were used in three levels of 30%, 35% and 40% for almond and 0%, 2.5% and 5% for nanoclay. In addition, 2% of Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene was added to all compositions. Then, wood-plastic nano-composite was formed using counter-rotating twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Mechanical test including tensile, flexural, impact resistance, hardness and physical properties including water Absorption and Thickness Swelling after 2h and 24h immersion in water were measured. In addition X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) experiment was carried out to reveal how clay nano-particles are distributed across the manufactured composites and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was also performed to investigate fracture surfaces. The results indicated that the presence of nano-clay did not influence the flexural and tensile elasticity modulus, and the presence of nano-clay reduced tensile and flexural resistance. The hardness and density of composites were higher than pure plastic and the impact resistance of all composites was lower than pure plastic. The presence of nano-clay did not significantly effect the physical properties of the composites (p< 0.05).The diffraction model of X-ray showed that nano-composite forms intercalation interlayer structure and the results of morphological investigation revealed that the samples containing 2.5 percent nano-clay and 35 percent of almond shell have the highest array of intercalation and the best transmittance.
Mostafa Yahyavidizaj; Asieh khozini; Tagi Tabarsa
Abstract
In this study, Wheat straw particle boards were produced using a mixture of wheat straw andcotton bolls with Urea formaldehyde resin and its properties were reinforced with nanoclay.Cotton bolls and wheat straw particles were mixed at the ratio of 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20percents, respectively. Nanoclay ...
Read More
In this study, Wheat straw particle boards were produced using a mixture of wheat straw andcotton bolls with Urea formaldehyde resin and its properties were reinforced with nanoclay.Cotton bolls and wheat straw particles were mixed at the ratio of 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20percents, respectively. Nanoclay was used at two levels of 0 and 2 percents based on oven driedweight of resin. Control samples were made of Wheat straw particle. Mechanical and physicalproperties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption andthickness swelling after 2 and 24h soaking in water) of the produced boards were measured.The results revealed an increase in cotton bolls in the mixture particles, leads to an increase ofthe bending strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards. The resultsalso indicated that water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24h immersion in waterdecreased with increase in nano clay and cotton bolls percents.
Habib alah Khademi eslam; Zahra Yoosefnia; Esmaeil Ghasemi; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
The effect of nanoclay and coupling agent contents on the mechanical properties of wood flour/ polypropylene/ nanoclay composites was investigated. Wood flour content was constant at 40%, maleic anhydride at two levels of 2 and 4% and nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) at four levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5% were used. ...
Read More
The effect of nanoclay and coupling agent contents on the mechanical properties of wood flour/ polypropylene/ nanoclay composites was investigated. Wood flour content was constant at 40%, maleic anhydride at two levels of 2 and 4% and nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) at four levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5% were used. The materials were mixed in an internal mixer at 180 o C, 60 rpm for 12 minutes, and then the specimens were fabricated by injection molding method. The mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength were measured. The nanoclay dispersion was examined by X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the tensile and flexural strength, and the flexural modulus increased with increasing the nanoclay, but impact strength decreased. The tensile and flexural strength, flexural modulus increased as the compatibilizer content increased from 2 to 4%, but impact strength was decreased. The structural examination of the wood polymer nanocomposite with X-ray showed that nanoclay was distributed as intercalation structure in polymer matrix, and the d-spacing of layers were increased with increasing of nanoclay particles content.
Sina Modirrahmati; Ahmad Jahan-Latibari; Mansor Minaei
Abstract
The influence of nanoclay addition on the strength properties of HDPE/ Wheat straw powder Composite was investigated. Composites compounds were produced using 73%HDPE, 25% wheat straw powder and 2% MAPE and three amounts of nanoclay (1, 2, and 3% of composite compound). First, HDPE and nanoclay was melt- ...
Read More
The influence of nanoclay addition on the strength properties of HDPE/ Wheat straw powder Composite was investigated. Composites compounds were produced using 73%HDPE, 25% wheat straw powder and 2% MAPE and three amounts of nanoclay (1, 2, and 3% of composite compound). First, HDPE and nanoclay was melt- mixed and after cooling, the extrudate was milled to fine granules. This granules were then melt compounded with pre-weighted amount of wheat straw powder and MAPE followed by injection moulding to produce test specimens. The flexural, tensile and impact strength were measured. The results showed that the addition of nanoclay to the composite improved flexural strength and modulus, tensile strength and modulus. However the notched Izod strength was reduced.
Sina Modirahmati; Ahmad Jahan Latibari; Amir Nourbakhsh; Mehran Roohnia; Mansor Minaei
Abstract
The impact of nanoclay addition on the properties of polypropylene/ OCC fibers/ nanoclay Composite was investigated. Composites were prepared using 67% polypropylene, 30% OCC fiber, 3% MAPP and three dosages (2.5, 5, 7.5% based on total weight of PP/OCC/MAPP) of nanoclay. Premix- ...
Read More
The impact of nanoclay addition on the properties of polypropylene/ OCC fibers/ nanoclay Composite was investigated. Composites were prepared using 67% polypropylene, 30% OCC fiber, 3% MAPP and three dosages (2.5, 5, 7.5% based on total weight of PP/OCC/MAPP) of nanoclay. Premix- melting of nanoclay and polypropylene was used to add nanoclay to the composite mixture. Pre-mixed nanoclay/ polypropylene was melt-mixed with OCC fibers and MAPP and then test samples were made using this compound. The results revealed that addition of nanoclay to polypropylene/OCC fiber composite reduced flexural strength , tensile strength and notched Izod impact strength, but the flexural modulus and tensile modulus of final composite were improved significantly. The influence of nanoclay addition on flexural strength and tensile modulus of composite was statistically significant at 99% level whereas its effect on tensile strength was statistically significant at 95%. However, the effect of nanoclay on both flexural modulus of elasticity and impact strength was not statistically significant. The addition of nanoclay to the composite reduces the bonding between polypropylene and OCC fibers. In the case of notched Izod strength, nanoclay particles generated stress concentration point within the composite structure initiating easier failure. Water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion was reduced.
Mohammad Tasoji; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
Physical and mechanical properties wood-plastic composites produced from wheat and rice straw particles, nano-clay, polypropylene and MAPP were investigated. The amount of polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials were selected as 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels ...
Read More
Physical and mechanical properties wood-plastic composites produced from wheat and rice straw particles, nano-clay, polypropylene and MAPP were investigated. The amount of polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials were selected as 60 wt% and 40 wt% respectively. The Nano-clay was added in three levels 0, 2 and 4 wt% and the amount of coupling agent was fixed and set to 2 wt% for all treatments except for the control. The control samples were made from polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials with neither nanoclay nor coupling agent was used. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths were decreased by the addition of nanoparticles. For tensile and flexural modulus, adding 2 wt% of nanoclay led to an increase in both moduli. However there was a decrease in both moduli when 4 wt% nanoclay was added. The impact strength decreased adding nanoclay. There was a decrease in 24 hour water absorption when 2 wt% of nanoclay was added but an increase was observed in 4 wt% of nanoclay level. According to the mechanical and physical properties of all the treatments, the samples made of rice straw showed better results compare to wheat straw samples due to their high amount of silica and its compatibility with nanoclay. SEM test was performed.
Hassan Ziaei Tabari; Amir Nourbakhsh; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; behzad baziyar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using reed flour and different contents of montmorillonite (nanoclay) nanoparticles on the physical and tensile properties of polypropylener/reed flour/nano clay composite. The amount of coupling agent and reed flour was constant at 5% and 40%, ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using reed flour and different contents of montmorillonite (nanoclay) nanoparticles on the physical and tensile properties of polypropylener/reed flour/nano clay composite. The amount of coupling agent and reed flour was constant at 5% and 40%, respectively and nanoclay content, adjusted at four levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5% were considered. The materials were mixed in an internal mixer and the samples were prepared by injection molding method. The specimens were tested in accordance with EN ISO 527 standard test method for tensile properties (tensile strength and module) and elongation at break. Physical properties such as water absorption and thickness swelling were measured. The results of tensile moduli and strengths, elongation at break and physical properties (water absorption) showed improvement by the addition of nanoclay up to 3%.
Composite wood products
Sayed mohammad javad Mosavi hosseini; Mohammad mehdi Faezipoor; Hossein Usefi
Abstract
The effect of using nanoclay on MDF properties was investigated. Sodium montmorolonit (NA+MMT) was used in three levels of 0, 3 and 6 percent based on dry weight of two resins of urea formaldehyde (UF) and Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal ...
Read More
The effect of using nanoclay on MDF properties was investigated. Sodium montmorolonit (NA+MMT) was used in three levels of 0, 3 and 6 percent based on dry weight of two resins of urea formaldehyde (UF) and Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of MDF were measured based on EN standard. Results demonstrated that with the increase of nanoclay in both UF and MDI resins MOR and MOE of MDF increased significantly in such a way that with the use of UF containing 6% nanoclay MOR increased by 33%. Although, IB was significantly affected by UF containing nanoclay, MDI containig nanoclay caused reduction in IB. WA and TS of MDF made from MDI did not show significant variation by increase of nanoclay but those made from UF resin positively affected by adding nanoclay in such a way that MDF made from 3% nanoclay showed 41% loss in TS compared to those made from pure UF.
Composite wood products
Hassan Zyaei; Habib alah Khademi eslam; Behzad Bazyar; Noraldin Nazarneghad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine effect of coupling agent contents on the thermal properties and nanoclay dispersion of reed flour /polypropylene /nanoclay composites. For this purpose we considered wood flour 40% fixed maleic anhydride in two levels (5% and 10%) and nanoclay (Cloisite 10A) in ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to determine effect of coupling agent contents on the thermal properties and nanoclay dispersion of reed flour /polypropylene /nanoclay composites. For this purpose we considered wood flour 40% fixed maleic anhydride in two levels (5% and 10%) and nanoclay (Cloisite 10A) in three levels (0, 1 and 3%). The materials were mixed in an internal mixer with 175 oC, 60 rmp for 10 minutes and then the specimens were fabricated by injection molding method. The clay structure and dispersion processes have been studied by X-ray diffraction. Thermal characterizations of the nanocomposites were carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The results revealed that Enthalpy, Crystallinity and Crystalline temperature of composites were increased by adding up of coupling agent and nanoclay (in some levels) contents. The XRD patterns show the exfoliation structure of nanoclay that indicated on a good dispersion of clay in polymer matrix, which turn in a reason for increasing thermal properties.
Composite wood products
Behzad Kord
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nanoclay particles content on mechanical properties of wood polymer composite made of high density polyethylene and wood flour were investigated. For this aim, wood flour were compund with high density polyethylene at 50% by weight, and nanoclay with 0, 1, 3 and 5% ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of nanoclay particles content on mechanical properties of wood polymer composite made of high density polyethylene and wood flour were investigated. For this aim, wood flour were compund with high density polyethylene at 50% by weight, and nanoclay with 0, 1, 3 and 5% were used, also 2% of MAHDPE was also used as the coupling agent in all formulatins. Then wood polymer nanocomposite were manufactured in injection molding. Mechanical tests such as tensile, bending and notched impact were performed on samples. Results indicated flextural modulus, flextural strength, tensile modulus tensile strength and were increased by increasing of nanoclay particles content, however, notched impact strength was reduced. Also, studies on structural behavior of wood polymer nanocomposite with x-ray showed that nanoclay distributed as intercalation structure in polymer matrix, and the d-spacing of layers were increased with increasing of nanoclay particles content
