Ramin Vaysi; Seyed Eshagh Ebadi; Sayed Sajad Ashrafi
Abstract
Sycamore tree (Platanus orientalis) is one of the species that planted in parks and urban green spaces and forests region of Tehran and other cities in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the phenolic chemical components in wood and bark of planted sycamore tree. In this study, ...
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Sycamore tree (Platanus orientalis) is one of the species that planted in parks and urban green spaces and forests region of Tehran and other cities in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the phenolic chemical components in wood and bark of planted sycamore tree. In this study, three trees were randomly selected and felled in planted forest region of Tehran. Three disks were prepared from each tree and according to TAPPI standard tests, first wood flour and then the extractive (%) were separated from wood flour using acetone solvent. To identify of extractives, about 1mg extractives was mixed with 30 microliters BSTFA and the samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometry (MS) with a detector. Samples were then injected into the injection section of GC/MS using a Hamilton syringe. The compounds identification was performed using GC diagrams, abundance and retention time of each compound, calculation of quartz index and Adams table. The results showed that the average of extractives in wood and bark of the planted oriental plane tree were 3.6 and 16.6 percent, respectively. GC-MS results showed that 17 specification compounds were found in the plane wood. Furthermore, Hexadecanoic acid (22.18%), Heptadecan-8-carbonic acid (15.24%), and 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (12.08%) were the most important compounds. The 41 compounds were identified in the plane bark that 9-Octadecanoic acid (19.88%), n-Hexandecanoic acid (16.41%), 9, 12-Octadecanoic acid (9.66%) and Gamma-Sitosterol (2.09%) were the most important compounds. In addition, the results showed that 9-Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecane, Dodecan, Tetradecan, Eicosan, Octadecane, and Decane were the 6 common compounds in the wood and bark of sycamore tree, as well
Physics and anatomy
Vahid Safdari
Abstract
The suitability of wood and noon-wood species for using in pulp and paper industry can be predicted by their morphological and chemical characteristics. In these research morphological and chemical properties of four spices of Ulmacea family, Ulmus glabrar, Ulmus compestris, Zelkova carpinifolia and ...
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The suitability of wood and noon-wood species for using in pulp and paper industry can be predicted by their morphological and chemical characteristics. In these research morphological and chemical properties of four spices of Ulmacea family, Ulmus glabrar, Ulmus compestris, Zelkova carpinifolia and Celtis australis have been compared. From each species three cross section, 5 cm thickness has been selected. Wood slivers of tree zones: near to pith, middle part and near to bark wood have been macerated in mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at 60°C for 48 hours. Biometric coefficients of fibers in three zone and four species have been measured and analyzed by factorial, complete randomized block design. Result showed that, Zelkova carpinifolia has least lignin, ash and extractives and highest cellulose. The fibers of, Zelkova carpinifoliahas has highest Slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio and hence in Ulmacea family is most suitable species for paper industry. Fiber length, wall thickness in near to bark zone in comparison to near to pith was higher significantly. Therefore it is predicted that the mechanical properties of pulp of this three zones are different
Chemical conversion
Seyyed Pedram Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Seyyed Peyman Hashemi Beygzadmahalleh; Asghar Tabei
Abstract
This study has been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of fibers and amount of chemical components of grapevine branches cultivated in Astara in province of Guilan. For this purpose the number of 53 branches, with same size and diameter, were cut from some grapevine and sent to laboratory ...
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This study has been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of fibers and amount of chemical components of grapevine branches cultivated in Astara in province of Guilan. For this purpose the number of 53 branches, with same size and diameter, were cut from some grapevine and sent to laboratory of wood and paper industries in Islamic Azad university Astara branch. To separate the fibers and for studying their morphological characteristics, wooden chip sampling from the branches was conducted at 3 heights of them (5%, 50% and 75%). Fiber separation was done by method (Franklin 1954) and then dimensions of fibers and their biometric coefficients were determined. From a number of separated branches, wood flour was prepared in two modes of with skin and without skin and then, percentage of chemical components of them was determined according to TAPPI standard. The overall average percentage of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemi cellulose, cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, alcohol extractives, hot water extractives, cold water extractives and ash were measured as 87.59, 56.99, 30.59, 47.20, 25.16, 5.90, 2.53, 4.41, 1.79 and 1.79 percent, respectively. Also, the total average of fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were measured as 0.96 mm, 26.45 µm, 15.48 µm and 5.49 µm, respectively. Also, the total average of slenderness, flexibility and runkel coefficients were calculated as 36.29, 58.50 and 0.71, respectively. The results showed that, in the debarked branches of grapevine trees, the amounts of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemi cellulose and cellulose are more than with skin branches and debarked branches have less lignin, extractives and ash than with skin branches. Also. The results showed that dimensions of the fibers including fiber length, fiber diameter and fiber lumen diameter, except cell wall thickness, decreased with increasing of height.
Chemistry of wood
milad tajik; ramin vaysi; majid kiaei
Abstract
This research was carried out to identification and comparison of organically chemical component in the wood / bark extractives Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Three healthy trees were cut down from Nowshahr forest and samples were converted into the wood flour. The extractives was prepared with acetone solvent ...
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This research was carried out to identification and comparison of organically chemical component in the wood / bark extractives Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Three healthy trees were cut down from Nowshahr forest and samples were converted into the wood flour. The extractives was prepared with acetone solvent according to TAPPI standard, then transfer to the ballon and then the BSTFA catalyst was added and transfer to the GC / MS injections. Identification of components was done according to the retention time curve, calculation of Kovats correlation and Adams table. Out of 13 components in the bark of Eucalyptus and 18 components in that wood, 2 constituents such as Bis (2 - ethyl hexyl) phthalate and hexadecanoic acid was detected as the same. The most important of chemical component in the bark is (2 _ ethyl hexyl) phthalate (98.72 %). 2 - Pentanone (57.41 %) was important component in the eucalyptus wood .
Iraj Shiyarkar; Asghar Tabei; Arash Farajpoor Roodsari
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine and compare the morphological characteristics and chemical components of Corn stalks (Zea mays: 704 & Oilseed varieties) cultivated in Astara area. Samples were prepared from both varieties, a part of stalks were selected for chemical components determination ...
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This study was conducted to determine and compare the morphological characteristics and chemical components of Corn stalks (Zea mays: 704 & Oilseed varieties) cultivated in Astara area. Samples were prepared from both varieties, a part of stalks were selected for chemical components determination and the rest was used to examine the morphological features. The average of fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and fiber wall thickness for oilseed variety and 704 variety were measured as0.859 mm, 23.63 µm, 16.62 µm ,3.51 µm and0.727 mm, 18.77 µm, 11.39 µm and 3.7 µm respectively. The average percentage of cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, alcohol extractives, hot water extractives and ash for oilseed variety was measured as 36.99, 20.5, 13.85, 2.02, 7.53 and 6.71, respectively. The relevant values for 704 varieties were 34.33, 17.5, 12.35, 1.35, 6.30 and 5.55 percent. Fiber dimensions and biometric coefficients between nodes and internodes, and between the varieties were compared and the results showed that there were significant differences between fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen and biometric coefficients. The fiber dimensions and biometric coefficients between nodes and at the internododal sections of both varieties are compared and there was significant difference between all variables. The comparison of chemical components between stalk with and without bark for each variety showed that there were significant differences between the content of cellulose, lignin, hot water extractives and ash. However, there was no significant difference between lignin from 704 varieties. In comparison of chemical components between two varieties in stalk with bark, there were significant differences between the content of cellulose, lignin, acetone extractives, hot water extractives and ash; whereas in the case of stalk without bark, these differences were significant only for the acetone extractives, hot water extractives and ash.
Pulp and paper
saeed mahdavi; masoudreza habibi; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Oil seed rape (Brassica napus) planting is increasing as the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture Jehad policy to provide supply of oil food in Iran. The objective of this study is utilization of rapeseed straw as a considerable raw material for paper industry whereas there is shortage of lignocellulosic ...
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Oil seed rape (Brassica napus) planting is increasing as the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture Jehad policy to provide supply of oil food in Iran. The objective of this study is utilization of rapeseed straw as a considerable raw material for paper industry whereas there is shortage of lignocellulosic material in Iran. Sampling was carried out from two varieties of oil seed rape, Hiola 401 and PF, based on initial compatibility experiments and yield in Mazandaran province from Baye-colla research station. The results show that at least 4 ton/hect. oven dry rapeseed straws are available. There were significant differences between fiber width, lumen diameter, ash and extractive contents in two varieties. Rapeseed straw as a lignocellulosic material was achieved at 10 score according to the five characteristics consisting of phytology, fiber dimension, fiber yield, chemical components and appearance feature. This means more studies are necessary to make a final assessment.
Physics and anatomy
Saeed Mahdavi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; masoudreza habibi
Abstract
In order to evaluate reed as a raw material for wood & paper industries, three main regions of Iran consist of south, North and East were selected for this study. Phragmites australis is dominant species in these regions and this study concentrated on it as well.Chemical components and biometry of ...
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In order to evaluate reed as a raw material for wood & paper industries, three main regions of Iran consist of south, North and East were selected for this study. Phragmites australis is dominant species in these regions and this study concentrated on it as well.Chemical components and biometry of fibers were determined with four and thirty replications respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences among three regions in fiber length and lumen diameter but reversely fiber width and cell wall thickness showed significant differences. The highest fiber length mean was 1.39mm. For North (Anzali) Coefficients of papermaking of fibers also were calculated for each region. Biometerical fiber results, showed that P. australis has good fiber compare to the Iranians hardwoods as papermaking.The results also showed that there are significant differences between regions and subregions at %5 level. North had the highest and lowest cellulose and lignin contents respectively. These results also proved that P.australis is one of the best Iranians' raw materials as cellulose and lignin contents between the others.
