Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
Background and aim: As a result of population growth, paper and wood products consumption has increased, and restrictions on using forest wood raw materials initiated the utilization poplar trees as fast-growing spices. The aim of this study was to focus on identification and comparison of the ...
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Background and aim: As a result of population growth, paper and wood products consumption has increased, and restrictions on using forest wood raw materials initiated the utilization poplar trees as fast-growing spices. The aim of this study was to focus on identification and comparison of the phenolic chemical components in poplar woods (Populus nigra and Populus deltoides).
Materials and methods: In this study, three trees from each poplar tree were randomly felled in plantation near Nowshar, Iran. Then three discs were cut from each log. At first, wood was grounded and then wood flour extractive were measured using TAPPI standard procedure. Wood flour was extracted by acetone and extractives residue was added to BSTFA reactor and samples were kept in constant temperature bath at 70oC for an hour. The extractive samples were then analyzed by GC/MS. The compounds were identified using GC diagram which shows abundance and retention time of each compound, and calculation of quartz index and Adams table.
Results: The result of GC-MS showed that there exist 68 and 105 compounds in wood of Populus nigra and Populus detoides, respectively. di-Limonene (30.26%), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (10.07%), Gamma-Sitosterol (1.06%), Hexadecanoic acid (2.0%), gamma-Terpinene (4.02%) and 4-Hydroxy-Benzoic acid (3.62%) were the most important compounds in wood of Populus detoides. There were the Limonene (25.62%), Anymol (5.29%), gamma-Terpinene (3.38%), 1, 2-Benzandicarboxylic acid (2.00%) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (0.68%) as the most important compounds in wood of Populus nigra.
Conclusion: The gas chromatographs showed that Limonene, Benzene methanol, alpha-Terpineol, beta-Bisabolene, Hexadecanoic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 7 common compounds in the wood of Populus nigra and Populus deltoides. These compounds can play an important role in the durability and consumption of these woods.
Seyed Eshagh Ebadi
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and compare the chemical components of organic matter in the leaves of the planted elder pine (Pinus eldarica) and sycamore (Platanus orientalis) tree using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In this study, 20 samples from leaves of eldar pine and sycamore ...
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This study aimed to identify and compare the chemical components of organic matter in the leaves of the planted elder pine (Pinus eldarica) and sycamore (Platanus orientalis) tree using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In this study, 20 samples from leaves of eldar pine and sycamore trees were randomly selected from the planted forest area of Tehran city. To prepare a homogenous sample (leaf flour), the leaves were thoroughly mixed and then the extractive was measured according to TAPPI standards. The results showed that the average of extractives in the leaves of the planted Elder pine and sycamore tree were 16.2 and 14.4%, respectively. In addition, the leaf flour was extracted with acetone. The remaining extractives were then added to the BSTFA reactor. Then, the samples were placed in heated Bath (70oC, 1h.), and were finally analyzed by GC/MS. The GC diagram (indicates the abundance and retention time of each compound) and calculation of quartz index, and Adams table were used to identify the compounds. The result showed that there were 20 compounds in the leaves of the plane tree that n-Hexadecanoic acid (24.28%), Heptadecan-8-carbonic acid(18.05%), Octadecanoic acid (14.1%), and E Vitamin (2.81%) were the most important compounds. 45 compounds were identified in the leaves of the planted elder pine tree in which 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol (11.49%), 4-Methylmannose (10.68%), Mome Inositol(9.65%), and Phytol (0.64) were the most important compounds. Additionally, 5 combinations of Decan, Dodecan, Neophytadiene, and Octadecanoic acid were common between the leaves of planted elder pine and plane tree.
Management and Economics wood
Reza Hajihassani; Behbood Mohebi; Saeid Kazemi Najafi; Parviz Navi
Abstract
Abstract The present research work has investigated the physical and mechanical properties of hygro-thermally modified poplar (Populus deltoides) wood. The poplar wood blocks were treated hygrothermally at temperatures of 130, 150 and 170°C and for 20, 40 minutes as holding time. The physical and ...
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Abstract The present research work has investigated the physical and mechanical properties of hygro-thermally modified poplar (Populus deltoides) wood. The poplar wood blocks were treated hygrothermally at temperatures of 130, 150 and 170°C and for 20, 40 minutes as holding time. The physical and mechanical properties were determined for both treated and untreated wood. The properties; mass loss, collapse, specific gravity changes, dimensional stability, surface roughness, bending strength and modulus of elasticity, were determined prior to and after the treatment in all wood blocks. As expected, the hygrothermal treatment significantly improved the dimensional stability of the samples. It was also found that the hygrothermal treatment could increase collapse, surface roughness and modulus of elasticity due to the treatment. However, there were decreases in wood mass, specific gravity and bending strength of the treated poplar wood. It was revealed that the mass loss, decrease in the density as well as collapse in woos is correlated with treatment temperature as well as the holding time. While, raise of the treatment temperature as the holding time caused increase of the dimensional stability.
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
Sweet locust and False Acacia are important species of northern forests region with wood having good durability. In this study, three disks from each species were randomly cut in Nowshahr forest region. For homogenous sampling, first wood flour was prepared from each disk according to TAPPI ...
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Sweet locust and False Acacia are important species of northern forests region with wood having good durability. In this study, three disks from each species were randomly cut in Nowshahr forest region. For homogenous sampling, first wood flour was prepared from each disk according to TAPPI standards and then mixed together. Acetone was used to remove extractives from both Sweet locust and False acacia wood flour. Extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. For the identification of compounds, GC diagram which shows abundance and retention time of each compound and calculation of quartz index and Adams table were used. The results showed that there are almost 150 compounds in False Acacia wood, and among them Resorcinol(19.47%),1,3-Benzendiol(6.92%) ,Stigma sterol (5.45%), 9-Octadecenoic acid(3.55%),1H-Imidazol(3.08%),Gamma-sitosterol (2.77%) and Gamma-Terpinene(0.22%) were the predominant compounds. There are 37 compounds in Sweet locust wood, that 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (90.38%),Stigmast-4-en-3-one(2.62%),Resorcinol(1.07%),Silicon grease (0.73%), Gibberellins A3(0.14%) and Phenol(0.09%) were important compounds. Resorcinol and 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid occurs both in Sweet locust and False acacia woods. The presence of high percentage of Resorcinol (20%) in Sweet locust and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (90.38%) in False acacia are attributed for the durability of these species.
