Management and Economics wood
Shahab Bayatzadeh; Hamidreza Talaie
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The wood industry, especially in the furniture and decoration sectors, is one of the small industries with high entrepreneurial potential that faces numerous challenges in the field of sustainability and resilience due to irresponsible exploitation. The aim of this study is ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: The wood industry, especially in the furniture and decoration sectors, is one of the small industries with high entrepreneurial potential that faces numerous challenges in the field of sustainability and resilience due to irresponsible exploitation. The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize criteria for selecting sustainable and resilient suppliers in the Iranian furniture and decoration industry to help reduce environmental impacts, increase productivity, and ensure the continuity of resource supply through improving supply chain performance. This study is designed to fill the scientific gaps in the comprehensive assessment of suppliers in this industry.Methodology: This research was conducted to identify and prioritize criteria for selecting sustainable and resilient suppliers in the furniture and decoration industry. The research method was designed analytically and applied with a descriptive-survey approach. First, through a comprehensive review of the research literature, the primary criteria related to supplier selection were identified. These criteria were placed in four main categories: economic, environmental, social, and resilience, and included 17 criteria.In order to verify the identified criteria, the fuzzy Delphi method was used. A questionnaire based on the identified criteria was prepared and distributed among 10 experts in the furniture and decoration industry, including supply chain managers and environmental specialists. The experts were selected based on at least 15 years of work experience and familiarity with the principles of sustainability and resilience. The questionnaires were analyzed in two stages, and the third stage was stopped due to the reduction of the difference in opinions between the responses to less than 0.2.For weighing the criteria, the fuzzy Best-Worst Method (FBWM) was applied. This method calculates the weight of each criterion by selecting the most important and least important criteria and conducting pairwise comparisons. The model was solved using LINGO software, and the final ranking of the criteria was extracted. This method, aiming to reduce subjective errors and manage uncertainties in the data, provides an appropriate approach for prioritization in complex environments like the wood industry.Results: The results showed that resilience-related and environmental criteria hold higher importance compared to economic and social criteria. This prioritization highlights the crucial role of these two categories in managing the wood supply chain, especially in dealing with disruptions and ensuring the sustainability of natural resources. The criteria examined included Risk Awareness, Sustainable Resource Use, Supply Chain Flexibility, Recovery Capability, Pollution Control, Cost Efficiency, Delivery Timeliness, Worker Safety, Responsiveness, Quality, Environmental Certifications, Community Impact, Financial Stability, Supplier Relationship, Geographical Location, Technology, and Reputation.Risk Awareness (0.171) and Sustainable Resource Use (0.123) were identified as the most significant factors. Supply Chain Flexibility and Recovery Capability also ranked highly. In the economic category, Cost Efficiency and Delivery Timeliness were the most important criteria. Social criteria such as Worker Safety and Community Impact ranked lower, while Supplier Relationship and Reputation received the least importance. These findings emphasize the wood industry’s focus on resilience and environmental protection, with economic and social criteria considered as supporting factors in later priorities.Conclusion: The findings indicate that in an industry like wood, resilience and environmental sustainability play a key role in supplier selection. This research provides a framework that can assist managers in conducting comprehensive supplier evaluations and making optimal decisions to ensure the continuity of the supply chain and reduce environmental impacts. Future research can further explore global and regional conditions to develop more dynamic models for evaluation.
Management and Economics wood
Amir Reza Taheri; Abbas Tamjidi; Ajang Tajdini
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Organizations depend on marketing, innovation and learning indicators to increase organizational performance and competitive advantage. By taking advantage of appropriate marketing and innovation capabilities, in addition to profitability and competitive ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: Organizations depend on marketing, innovation and learning indicators to increase organizational performance and competitive advantage. By taking advantage of appropriate marketing and innovation capabilities, in addition to profitability and competitive advantage, product life cycle prolongation and stability in the competition scene are provided for organizations. The rapid changes in production technologies necessitate the strengthening of human resource capabilities for all elements. Organization is necessary. Methodology: The effect of marketing capabilities, innovations, learning of employees on the performance of wooden office furniture companies with the approach of structural equations has been investigated. The statistical population of this research consists of managers and engineers working in wooden office furniture companies located in industrial towns in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Sampling method was classified and Crecy-Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (92 people). Initial effective indicators were selected by studying the available sources and the conceptual model of the research considering the performance of the organization (company) as a dependent variable and marketing, innovation and learning variables as independent variables. The main tool for collecting information for this research was a questionnaire. Correlation and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method were used to investigate the research hypotheses and analyze the structural relationships between variables. Results: The results showed that innovation, marketing and learning capabilities had a positive effect on the performance of wooden furniture companies. In addition, these capabilities complement 96.9% of the changes in the dependent variable of the company's performance. The results of the model quality evaluation index show that marketing capability (strong effect), innovation capability (medium effect), learning capability (weak effect) have the greatest impact on company performance. Finally, the results of this study remind the various companies producing wood furniture industry products that are constantly looking to export their goods that, unlike the somewhat non-competitive domestic market, to compete with other companies in target markets, should try. Due to factors such as marketing, innovation and learning, improve products quality, reduce costs and ultimately increase company performance. Conclusion: The use of appropriate marketing methods, innovative capabilities and increasing human resource capabilities in order to strengthen organizational learning in wooden furniture industry companies will strengthen the performance and position of the mentioned companies.
Management and Economics wood
Meisam Mehri Charvadeh; Shademan Pourmousa; Ajang Tajdini; Abbas Tamjidi; Vahid reza ُSafdari
Abstract
Background and purpose: Cellulosic industry organizations try to establish appropriate strategies to perform the main production processes and provide services to customers by improving productivity and reducing costs. Environmental concerns, energy scarcity, depletion of natural resources, and increased ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Cellulosic industry organizations try to establish appropriate strategies to perform the main production processes and provide services to customers by improving productivity and reducing costs. Environmental concerns, energy scarcity, depletion of natural resources, and increased competition among organizations have made the study of a sustainable supply chain cost-effective for market success. The purpose of this study is to identify effective indicators for a stable supply chain sustainability model in the cellulosic industry with multi-objective decision making methods.Research Method: The present study is an exploratory research in terms of orientation, applied and in terms of method, quantitative-qualitative, which has used the data theory strategy of the foundation. The data collection tool in the qualitative section aimed at identifying the components and sub-components of stable supply chain sustainability, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with purposive sampling method. In the quantitative part of the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed. The obtained data were used to measure variables and weight by Vickor and Shannon entropy methods.Results: Eleven main components and thirty sub-components were identified by qualitative studies for stable supply chain stability. By examining the relationships and ranking of indices using quantitative methods, green storage indices with a numerical value of 0.133 and continuous improvement with a numerical value of 0.134 were considered as the top components. According to the Vickor index, the components of green warehousing, quality improvement, economic stability, intra-organizational pressures, information technology capabilities, company commitment and strategy, logistics optimization, social values, institutional pressures, strategic supplier cooperation and environmental protection, respectively. Stable supply chain stability affects the cellulose industry.Conclusion : Due to the shortest distance to achieve sustainability in green warehousing and quality improvement, cellulose industry organizations in the country can use the results of this study to increase productivity and reduce organizational costs ......
Management and Economics wood
Hamed Ahmadi; Ajang Tajdini; Shademan Pourmousa; Amir Lashgari; Mehran Roohnia
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic caused serious challenges to various industries of wooden products in various aspects such as access to raw material, supply chain, production and sales volume of product and even customer preferences. Therefore, this study aims to investigate ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic caused serious challenges to various industries of wooden products in various aspects such as access to raw material, supply chain, production and sales volume of product and even customer preferences. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mediating role of government support in relation to revising some adopted policies such as investment strategies, creating resilience in industries and improving financial knowledge of managers of these industries in order to increase production of various wooden furniture products in the post-corona era was done. Methodology:In terms of its nature, this research is fundamental-applied and in terms of the type of research, it is a part of mixed research including quantitative and qualitative variables.The study population consisted of 180 managers of home and office furniture manufacturing companies based in Tehran and Alborz provinces, from which 120 were selected through the Cochran formula. Field-library methods are used to collect preliminary information as needed, the main tool for collecting information for this research is a questionnaire approved by academic experts. The used questionnaire includes 22 questions related to research variables, including resilience, government support as a moderating variable, investment strategies, financial knowledge and production growth. Also, the scale used is a 5-point Likert scale. In this research, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability and extracted average variance were used to determine the reliability and convergent validity of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the internal structure of the questionnaire and discover the constituent factors of each structure or variable, the confirmatory factor analysis tool was used. Also, to check and analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used using SPSS software, and to check the relationships between variables, structural equation method based on the use of Smart-Pls software was used.Results: The results of correlation between the variables show that at a significance level of 1%, the highest correlation is between financial knowledge variables with investment strategies, and the lowest correlation is between government support variables with production growth. Also, the reliability check of the questionnaire shows that there is reliability and convergent validity in the questions. The results of examining the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis show that the items of the model are correctly defined and it is not recommended to remove any of them, because the values of the factor loadings are higher than the minimum acceptable value, i.e. 0.3. This study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between investment strategies, resilience and financial knowledge as independent variables and positive growth as a dependent variable. Research findings show that the government support component is also related to production growth. It has a positive and significant relationship. In relation to the role of government support as a mediating variable in the relationship between investment strategies, resilience and financial knowledge on production growth of wooden furniture industry, the results show an effective relationship. In all these research hypotheses, the significance level of the p-value test is less than 5% and the T value is outside the range (1.96, -1.96), so it is significant with a 95% confidence factor.Conclusion: The results of this research revealed that in the post-corona era, wooden furniture industry may face new developments and changes. These changes can include changes in the needs and tastes of customers, the process of marketing and selling products, the use of environmentally friendly products, changes in the structure of companies and the necessity of creating industrial holdings, the necessity of using new technologies in production of various products in furniture industry and decoration, paying more attention to firm's internal structures to increase the level of resilience, using managers with extensive financial knowledge to deal with fluctuations of firm's financial assets. Also, in the post-corona era, government support for wooden furniture industries can play an important role in impact of investment strategies, resilience and financial knowledge on production growth of these industries.
Management and Economics wood
Sina Mohamadi Nematabad; Shademan Pourmousa; Ajang Tajdini; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Amir Lashgari
Abstract
The applied purpose of this study is to determine and prioritize the components of production sustainability in the courrugated box making industry by using qualitative analysis.Through library studies and review of available resources, seven main components affecting the sustainability of production ...
Read More
The applied purpose of this study is to determine and prioritize the components of production sustainability in the courrugated box making industry by using qualitative analysis.Through library studies and review of available resources, seven main components affecting the sustainability of production in the courrugated box making industry were named: rules and regulations, economic, environmental, technological, social, human resourcess, materials and products and 43 sub-components were identified.By preparing researcher-made questionnaires and distributing it among managers and experts in the courrugated box making industry with the aim of influencing each component and sub-component on production sustainability and their current status, the results were analyzed by relevant tests. All components affecting production stability based on standard coefficients and significance of structural equations as well as predictive criteria for confirmation and quality of data presented with redundancy index with cross-validity showed that the data have the necessary validity to predict. The components were prioritized based on average rank and distance to stability. Based on the results, economic, material, product and technological components showed the shortest distance and bio-environmental components, rules and regulations showed the longest distance to achieve stability in the carton industry. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable production in the carton industry, environmental components, laws and regulations must be given more attention. Research components were prioritized based on average rank and distance to stability. Based on the results, economic, material and product and technological components showed the shortest distance but environmental, rules and regulations components, showed the longest distance to achieve stability in the industry. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable production in the industry, environmental, laws and regulations components must be given more attention.
Management and Economics wood
Reza Jazayeri; Reza Hajihassani; Sedighe Nazari
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal treatment with boric acid impregnation on some physical and mechanical characteristics and fire resistance of poplar (Populus nigra) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) wood. In this study, two times of 60 and 90 minutes with two ...
Read More
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal treatment with boric acid impregnation on some physical and mechanical characteristics and fire resistance of poplar (Populus nigra) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) wood. In this study, two times of 60 and 90 minutes with two temperatures of 150○C and 180○C were used for the hydrothermal treatment, and boric acid with concentrations of 1, 3 and 5% dissolved in water used for the impregnation treatment. The measurement of the characteristics, including bending strength, impact resistance, volumetric swilling and fire resistance (weight loss due to fire) were done by ASTM-D143, ASTM-D256, ASTM 4446-2002 and ISO 11925 standards, respectively. About fire resistance, 5% boric acid treatment showed the least weight loss due to burning in the wood of two species. As a result of the hydrothermal treatment alone, the fire resistance was even lower than the control. In this regard, the combination of hydrothermal treatment with boric acid treatment resulted in results close to those of hydrothermal with boric acid treatment. Positive effect of hydrothermal treatment on the improvement of dimensional stability, is considered as one of the results of the present study. The temperature of 180○C with a time of 90 minutes reduced the swelling of poplar and radiata pine by about 36.8 and 42%, respectively. Regarding impact resistance, the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the wood of both species and the effect of boric acid treatment on radiata pine wood were negative. Hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 180○C and with a time of 90 minutes decreased the impact resistance by 28.2% in the wood of both species, and 5% boric acid treatment caused a 13.3% decrease in this property in radiata pine wood.
Management and Economics wood
Ajang Tajdini; Ahmad Reza Eskandari; Shademan Pourmousa
Abstract
In the present study, we have evaluated the behavior of consumers in the decision-making process to purchase domestic and foreign household furniture. In this study, the statistical population was the total number of household wooden furniture customers, of which 385 were selected based on the table ...
Read More
In the present study, we have evaluated the behavior of consumers in the decision-making process to purchase domestic and foreign household furniture. In this study, the statistical population was the total number of household wooden furniture customers, of which 385 were selected based on the table of Krugis-Morgan and by random sampling method. After conducting initial research and studies, considering the issues raised and the importance of the subject and determination of the research objectives, the 5 latent variables have been identified as cultural, preferential, sales, quality and beauty factors as the effective indicators for purchase of wooden household furniture and selection of imported products in comparison with domestic products were designed. To collect inferential data, a researcher made questionnaire and for library data, the study of resources, theses and research articles in this regard were used. Data were analyzed, by SPSS software in the descriptive statistics and by Lisrel software to determine the relationship between variables for structural equations. The results showed that the research model has been fitted in the first-grade and in the structural model. In measurement model, the measurement indices have created some meaningful factor loadings. This issue shows that this model has correctly been determined from theoretical literature and the criteria of this measurement have been recognized correctly. This caused a high validity of the measurements ‘tools. Also, all the mentioned latent variables and its dimensions as the structures of the proposed structural model effect on customer preferences in the decision-making process of foreign and domestic household wooden furniture purchase.
Management and Economics wood
farzad haghighirad; amirreza abtahi; amirmahyar torabi
Abstract
In this paper, barriers to the export of furniture from Iran have been identified and ranked using interpretative structural modeling (ISM). In order to identify the barriers to export, first the research background was investigated and a list of barriers was extracted. Then, with a number of experts ...
Read More
In this paper, barriers to the export of furniture from Iran have been identified and ranked using interpretative structural modeling (ISM). In order to identify the barriers to export, first the research background was investigated and a list of barriers was extracted. Then, with a number of experts in the field of furniture production and sales, in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews took place. The integration of barriers from theoretical studies and field studies was considered as the final list. In the next step, the relationship between the barriers was investigated pairwise, and the matrix of paired comparisons was completed. based on interpretive structural modeling and final conceptual model, the level of each of the barriers are recognized. Modeling results indicate that Iran's weak political relations with other countries are the main driver of poor export. Secondly, exchange rate fluctuations, lack of supply of raw materials and poor relations with embassies are also among the root causes.
Management and Economics wood
Seyed Mahmoud Miri Tari; asghar tarmian; Mohammad Azadfallah; Abdolkhani Ali; Davood Efhamisisi
Abstract
DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.45.66.1.1575.1575 Mold growth resistance of Polyurethane and Diotrol coatings containing natural (Thyme essential oil) and synthetic (IPBC) fungicides in both free and microencapsulated forms was studied. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules were prepared using solvent ...
Read More
DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.45.66.1.1575.1575 Mold growth resistance of Polyurethane and Diotrol coatings containing natural (Thyme essential oil) and synthetic (IPBC) fungicides in both free and microencapsulated forms was studied. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules were prepared using solvent evaporation method by means of oil emulsion formation in water. Mold growth resistance against Aspergillus niger was determined by Filter Paper Disc method before and after aging process according to ASTM D 5590 Standard. Adhesion strength and surface roughness of coated samples were also measured. Results revealed that biocide-free coatings cannot provide adequate protection against mold growth, and addition of biocides, especially IPBC, significantly improved the mold growth resistance. Even after the aging process, microencapsulated biocides were able to provide better protection against mold growth due to controlled-release mechanism and shielding-effect of polymeric shell. Although the surface roughness of polyurethane coating was increased by using of biocides in both forms, especially microencapsulated ones, its adhesion strength reduced.
Management and Economics wood
Aisona Talaei
Abstract
The present study was carried out with the aim of thermal analysis of furfurylated wood produced from beech (Fagus orientalis) and fir (Abies alba). In this regard, the specimens were saturated with two different levels of furfurylation in the form of low levels (14% fir and 20% beech) and high levels ...
Read More
The present study was carried out with the aim of thermal analysis of furfurylated wood produced from beech (Fagus orientalis) and fir (Abies alba). In this regard, the specimens were saturated with two different levels of furfurylation in the form of low levels (14% fir and 20% beech) and high levels (38% fir and 65% beech), and compared with control samples. The results showed that changes in the TGA and DTA thermograms occur with an increase in the furfurylation level. In the first section of TGA graphs, thermal stability of the wood increased with furfurylation and its level change due to decreased water absorption and evaporation of gases during the process of furfurylation. But in the second and third regions, because of the replacement of furfuryl alcohol with lower thermal stability and flammability in the structure of wood and changes in the chemical structure of the wood, the thermal stability of wood polymers in both species decreased. The results of the analysis of DTA thermograms, in addition to confirming the findings from the TGA analysis, made clear the results of the impact of wood species on the thermal stability of wood polymers. Due to the difference in cellulose and hemicellulose and lignin in the structure of softwoods and hardwoods, the hemi-cellulose type in two species and the thermal stability difference of different implementation, wood polymers from two beech and fir are different in the variation of the surface under the curve of the DTA thermograms, the initial temperatures and peak temperatures.
Management and Economics wood
anooshe fazeli; mohammad ghofrani; fatemeh Hassani khorshidi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to inverstigate the effect of moisture content on adhesion strength of sealer half-polyester and sealer polyurethane on beech (Fagus orientalis) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) wood types of northern regions of Iran. PH values of beech and hornbeam was 5.51 and 5.19, respectively. ...
Read More
The present study was conducted to inverstigate the effect of moisture content on adhesion strength of sealer half-polyester and sealer polyurethane on beech (Fagus orientalis) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) wood types of northern regions of Iran. PH values of beech and hornbeam was 5.51 and 5.19, respectively. Dried specimens were put in a climatization room to reach moisture contents of 7%, 11% and 15%. After the preparation stage, two layers of sealer were placed on the specimens using a spray. Next, polyurethane and half-polyester were applied to the specimens. The pull-off test was performed on the specimens according to the ASTM D 4541 Standard. The results showed that the most adhesion strength was that of the sealer polyurethane used on the beech wood type with the moisture content of 7 percent and the least adhesion strength belonged to the sealer half-polyester used on the hornbeam wood type with the moisture content of 15 percent. It was also observed that increasing moisture content caused a decrease in adhesion strength of both wood types.
Management and Economics wood
Omid Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Given the intense competition, rapid changes, new employee and customer requirements, and the modification of traditional management practices to optimize the capabilities of employees, today's organizations should work towards improving and institutionalizing entrepreneurial enterprise platforms. The ...
Read More
Given the intense competition, rapid changes, new employee and customer requirements, and the modification of traditional management practices to optimize the capabilities of employees, today's organizations should work towards improving and institutionalizing entrepreneurial enterprise platforms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of enterprise entrepreneurship in public and private furniture companies and compare them with regard to the status of the entrepreneurial organization. To this end, various components of organizational entrepreneurship were conducted in order to identify strengths and weaknesses, and decision-makers could, taking into account the results, make appropriate decisions in order to promote organizational entrepreneurship. Regarding the nature of the subject and purpose of the research, this research is a descriptive-survey method in terms of data collection method. The data collection tool was a standardized Margarita Hill questionnaire (2003). The statistical population consisted of 963 human capital (606 individuals in private companies and 357 in government companies) in 14 furniture manufacturing companies (12 private companies and two public companies) in Tehran province, which was determined randomly and with proportional (public and private) assignments, and according to the Kregis-Morgan table, the sample size was determined. To determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method was used in this research. Two independent samples were used to compare organizational entrepreneurship in two areas of the private and public sector. The average enterprise entrepreneurship rating in government companies was 1.612 and in private companies were 154.77. Standard deviations in public corporations were 78.88 and for private companies were 76.25. The results of the independent t-test showed that the comparison of the mean of organizational entrepreneurship between the two groups of public and private furniture companies at the level of 99% is significant.
Management and Economics wood
mostafa barati yousef abadi; Mohammad Hadi Aryaie Monfared; abdollah barimani
Abstract
Understanding the market situation in order to obtain a suitable position in the new inter-national production system has particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and rank the effective indexes on the selection and purchase of paper in the card board production industries ...
Read More
Understanding the market situation in order to obtain a suitable position in the new inter-national production system has particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and rank the effective indexes on the selection and purchase of paper in the card board production industries of the country. The expansion of the market and the multiplicity of industries have led to the importance of finding competitiveness as well as an accurate un-derstanding of their relative position in the market for many industries in order to make their economic and industrial policies compatible with their market conditions and relative position. Knowing this fact will help them improve their capabilities to improve their performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and rank the effective measures on the choice and purchase of cardboard in the country's carton industry. The results of the ranking showed that among the 24 sub-indicators influencing the purchase and selection of cartons sheet in the paper board manufacturing industry,
Management and Economics wood
Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Ali Reza nezhad; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Wood samples of seven Iranian hardwood species including: Beech (Fagus orientalis), Oak (Quercus castaneaefolia), Hombeam (Carpinus betulus), Alder (Alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Babul (Acacia arabica) were treated with Creosote and Celcure. Then ...
Read More
Wood samples of seven Iranian hardwood species including: Beech (Fagus orientalis), Oak (Quercus castaneaefolia), Hombeam (Carpinus betulus), Alder (Alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Babul (Acacia arabica) were treated with Creosote and Celcure. Then the samples were installed in the sea water of Bandar Abbas coast (Persian Gulf) for a period of 36 months. During 9, 12, 18 and 36 months, the samples were inspected according with recommendation of IRG/WP/4432(l985).The results showed that, untreated samples of all species were not resisted to the marine borers. The samples treated with creosote using full cell process increased durability of all species expect Hombeam and Babul. Treated samples with celcure were not resisted very well and after 15 months were destroyed.
Management and Economics wood
Ebrahim Farashiani; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Satar Zinali
Abstract
Sart long horn beetle (Aeolesthes sarta) is one of the most important pests of elm, walnut, poplar, sycamore and... in Iran. The wood of these trees is valuable and they can be attacked by A. sarta. For the first time in the world, during 1997 -2001, quality and quantity of damage of A. sarta on host ...
Read More
Sart long horn beetle (Aeolesthes sarta) is one of the most important pests of elm, walnut, poplar, sycamore and... in Iran. The wood of these trees is valuable and they can be attacked by A. sarta. For the first time in the world, during 1997 -2001, quality and quantity of damage of A. sarta on host trees was investigated. To evaluate damage amount and reduction of wood production, the number and volume per cubic meter of galleries, and quantity of wood fed by the larvae were evaluated.Also for evaluation of quality damage, nonaffected wood as well as infected wood were compared in terms of economical and industrial values. The results indicated that the quantity damage on the wood of trees was considered as high and larvae fed about 20% of wood. In the mean time, because of dying of the trees, production of wood stopped completely.Sometimes, heartwood particularly pith of the trees was fed and about 50% Of trunk become hollow. Because of damages and existence of numerous galleries, the quality of wood has lowered and so wood has no industrial use and some of tree:species such as walnut and alder lost their economical value up to 90%.
Management and Economics wood
Eiraj Mansoryar; Alinaghi Karimi; Ghanbar Ebrahimi; Ahmad Mirshokraei; Sohrab Rahimi
Abstract
The water repellency and dimensional stabilization of wood species are important for outdoor uses. In this study, the water absorption and water repelling of poplar wood (Populus Alba) by emulsion of paraffin, Quaternary ammonium and starch, were investigated. Paraffin in three levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, ...
Read More
The water repellency and dimensional stabilization of wood species are important for outdoor uses. In this study, the water absorption and water repelling of poplar wood (Populus Alba) by emulsion of paraffin, Quaternary ammonium and starch, were investigated. Paraffin in three levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, Quaternary ammonium in three levels of 0%, 1.5%, 2.5% and also starch in three levels of 0%, 1% and 2%(by weight) were selected as variables. A set of matched specimens were set aside as control, for making comparison. Results showed that the amount of paraffin had a positive significant effect on water absorption and water repellency that is increasing paraffin would improve these properties. Furthermore, specimens treated with paraffin had better water repellency than control samples. Based on the results, it is claimed that the treatment of 5% paraffin, 0-1.5% Quaternary ammonium and 0-1% starch will bring about water absorption and water repellency in treated specimens to a desired level, without causing any damage to other physical properties of them.
Management and Economics wood
asghar tarmian; Amir Sepehr
Abstract
The heat transfer through three orthotropic directions and the evolution of temperature gradient in beech (Fagus orientalis) and spruce (Picea abies) during drying were investigated. Thus, due to low capacity of dryer, small flat-sawn boards with dimensions of 80 × 25 × 40 mm (L×R×T) ...
Read More
The heat transfer through three orthotropic directions and the evolution of temperature gradient in beech (Fagus orientalis) and spruce (Picea abies) during drying were investigated. Thus, due to low capacity of dryer, small flat-sawn boards with dimensions of 80 × 25 × 40 mm (L×R×T) were used. Then, the boards were dried at the dry-bulb temperature of 60 °C and relative humidity of 50 %. Four surfaces of the boards were coated by polyurethane-coated aluminum foil to confine the heat flux along one direction. Then, the boards were thermally insulated by 50 mm-thick Styrofoam. Some holes with 1mm in diameter were made on the board specific distances to measure the temperature using thermocouple. The results showed that the temperature of each wood increased as heating up progressed until it reached to the wet-bulb temperature. Then, it remained at an almost constant value as the wet bulb temperature until the wood moisture content reached the hygroscopic range. Furthermore, the pattern of the temperature profile for both wood species was almost identical. The surface temperature of the boards increased until it reached the dry-bulb temperature of 60 °C, while the core temperate remained as the wet-bulb temperature (48-52 °C) throughout the rest of drying period.
Management and Economics wood
Afshin Kshn dehghan; Habibalah Khademi eslam; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
In this study, the influence of the fungus (Coriolus versicolor) on the durability of Horn beam (carpinus betulus) in natural state and treated with CCA (Copper/Chromium/Arsenic) was evaluated. CCA is a kind of water borne preservatives that was used to treat specimens under vacuum and pressure ...
Read More
In this study, the influence of the fungus (Coriolus versicolor) on the durability of Horn beam (carpinus betulus) in natural state and treated with CCA (Copper/Chromium/Arsenic) was evaluated. CCA is a kind of water borne preservatives that was used to treat specimens under vacuum and pressure (Bethel procedure) with amount of 3.5 & 1.5 percent on the basis of oven dry wood. Specimens were contaminated with cultured fungus for eight weeks in incubator. After this period, weight reduction, compressive strength (parallel to grain) and hardness of specimens were measured. Weight reduction of treated samples with 3.5 & 1.5 percent CCA were 1.68 and 1.73 percent respectively. Weight reduction of control samples were much higher (22.87 percent) than treated ones. There was no significant difference between the Compressive strength (parallel to grain) of treated and control samples without effect of fungus but the samples with effect of fungus have significant difference. Compressive strength (parallel to grain) of treated samples with 3.5 & 1.5 percent of CCA were 64.33 and 60.10 (Mpa) respectively but Compressive strength (parallel to grain) of control samples were much lower (38.44 Mpa) than treated samples. There was no significant difference between the hardness of treated and control samples without effect of fungus. On the other hand, the hardness of treated samples was more than control samples slightly, but this difference was not significant in 5 percent level. The hardness of treated and control samples with effect of fungus have significant difference. Hardness of treated samples with 3.5 & 1.5 percent of CCA were 5788(N) and 5799(N) respectively. However the hardness of control samples were much lower (3139N) than treated samples. Eventually CCA (Tanalith c) increased the durability of Horn beam (Carpinus betulus) from nondurable level to durable level.
Management and Economics wood
Meraj Sharari; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Gholamreza Rafiei; Ahmad Mirshokraei
Abstract
In the course of enhanced bioremediation, addition of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, etc, substrates, electron acceptors as well as vitamins (Thiamin, etc) and veratryl alcohol, increased metabolic activities, will influence the production of enzymes and enhances the deterioration of ...
Read More
In the course of enhanced bioremediation, addition of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, etc, substrates, electron acceptors as well as vitamins (Thiamin, etc) and veratryl alcohol, increased metabolic activities, will influence the production of enzymes and enhances the deterioration of pollutants. In this study, the effect of 1% (V/V) of nutrients containing various mineral salts, carbon (glucose and malt), nitrogen (casein peptone yeast extract) and some enzyme inducer, such as veratryl alcohol and thiamin hydrochloride on production of laccase, peroxidase and xylanase enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in bagasse preparation effluent is investigated. The results showed that MSB+MCTV is the most effective additive which causes the highest lignolitic activity of this fungus after 5 to 7 days in case of laccase and peroxidase and 3 days for xylanase, and maximizes the production of the enzymes. The production of these enzymes is measured at 78, 193 and 60 U/l respectively. However, in conditions without additives, the relevant values are 26, 54 and 16 U/l respectively. The relation between different stages of fungus growth and enzyme production and changes in lignin and carbohydrate of effluent after the period of nine days is also investigated.
Management and Economics wood
Saeed Khojasteh Khosro; Masoud Taghipour Javy
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was the investigation of the effect of adding the wollastonite nanoparticles (casio3) to the water based acrylic coating onto the fire resistance capability and adhesion strength of coating. The nano wollastonites with the concentrations of 0.5, 1.50, and 2.5 wt% ...
Read More
The main objective of the current study was the investigation of the effect of adding the wollastonite nanoparticles (casio3) to the water based acrylic coating onto the fire resistance capability and adhesion strength of coating. The nano wollastonites with the concentrations of 0.5, 1.50, and 2.5 wt% were dispersed into the coating. Ultrasonic device was used to stabilize the nanoparticles into the substrates. The coating process was carried out with and without application of the nanoparticles on the surfaces of spruce and sycamore samples and their properties comprising the fire resistance and the adhesion strength were investigated. The obtained results showed that adding of nano wollastonite to the acrylic coating with the waight percent of 2.5% (w/w) had the significance effect onto the resistance of the samples to fire. In particluar, these effects was observed in cas of the retard time of ignition of the spruce and sycamore samples with the improvement values of 258 and 184 % compared with the control samples, respectively. Furthermore, the investigation of adhesion properties of coatings to the sample surface indicated that the applied nano wollastonites improved these properties of coatings. In case of the adhesion properties, however, the highest value of this properties was observed in the highest content of wollastonite nanoparticles. It should be noted that the performance of nanocomposite coating containing of the 1.5 wt% of nano onto investigated properties was also acceptable.
Management and Economics wood
mohamad ghofrani; Zahra Mohammad Moradi
Abstract
Nowadays, Due to the unstable world economy, to survive and create competitiveness in domestic and overseas market, sustainable production and increases in quality and quantity of products is needed, In case of no attention, the possibility of competitiveness in regional and international markets will ...
Read More
Nowadays, Due to the unstable world economy, to survive and create competitiveness in domestic and overseas market, sustainable production and increases in quality and quantity of products is needed, In case of no attention, the possibility of competitiveness in regional and international markets will not occur. Therefore, in this study, with cooperation of experts and industry manufacturers’ expertise determination and ranking of factors affecting classic furniture was determined by using analytical network process and DEAMATEL techniques. 5 main and 17 sub-indexes parameters examined in this study and by using analytical network process the importance of prioritizing criteria was determined and cause and effect relationships between indicators was evaluated by DEAMATEL techniques. The results showed that, the main indicator of production and sales management, quality assurance, design style and creativity have the highest normal weight and the sub-indices of the modernity of machines and technology, reasonable price and Brand longevity respectively, are the three top priorities to impact on the competitiveness of classic furniture.
Management and Economics wood
Marzeyeh Abasi; Kamran Adeli; Zahar Zamani; Parvin Dashti
Abstract
International trade has a significant share of the global economy; the issue of regulating foreign economic relations is a major contributor to political talks in the countries. Social, political and cultural events, including political and economic agreements, have a tremendous impact on the trade of ...
Read More
International trade has a significant share of the global economy; the issue of regulating foreign economic relations is a major contributor to political talks in the countries. Social, political and cultural events, including political and economic agreements, have a tremendous impact on the trade of countries. Forests around the world produce large amounts of wood and trade in products throughout the world. Since Iran has been trading in wood with Russia and other European countries about 100 years ago, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of political events on the bilateral exports of timber in Iran and Russia, as well as the effect of the Warsaw Treaty and its collapse on The wood trade of member countries with Iran was done using the gravity pattern. The results of the study show that the Warsaw Pact as a political treaty affects the trade relations of the countries of the covenant with Iran, and the per capita income of two trade partners, exchange rate changes and geographical distances on the volume of wood trade and Wood products have been effective. Results for both Iran and Russia show the impact of wood trade on political events as well as domestic laws and bills approved by the two countries.
Management and Economics wood
Mehrab Madhoushi; Vajihe Mojerian Galogahi; Mohammadreza Masteri Farahani
Abstract
Radiography is a method of non-destructive for evaluating the quality of wood construction machinery in order to detect the defects due to natural degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate the assessment of Poplar (Populus deltoides) and beech (Fagus orientalis) wood defects arising ...
Read More
Radiography is a method of non-destructive for evaluating the quality of wood construction machinery in order to detect the defects due to natural degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate the assessment of Poplar (Populus deltoides) and beech (Fagus orientalis) wood defects arising from the decaying by using x-ray non-destructive method. In this study, for each of species, uncolored (no coating) and colored samples by acid catalyzed lacquers and nitrocellulose lacquers were used. Decay resistance test based on modified ASTM D1413 standard was performed. The decay process was done in the periods of 1, 2 and 3 months with use of Coriolus versicolor fungus at laboratory condition. After each of these periods, for the decay of the samples, x-ray imaging by using an imaging at the lateral, tangential and radial direction was done. Results of weight loss confirmed the presence of decay in the radiographic images. The results showed that after 1, 2 and 3 months of exposure to fungus, fungal degradation leads to weight loss in the painted and unpainted samples. So that, the weight loss caused by decay in beech was less than poplar samples. As well, the weight loss of unpainted was less than painted samples, which was also statistically significant. The x-ray results of unpainted and painted samples at the cross, tangential and radial directions indicate that decay has a more impact on beech in comparison to poplar wood structure. The study as well showed that the protective layer has partly a barrier for decay destruction in these samples.
Management and Economics wood
Foroogh Dastoorian; Faezeh Farhadi; Fahimeh Hoseinzadeh; majid zabihzadeh
Abstract
The present study was done with the aim of investigation of the effect of heat treatment on chemical and physical properties of Iranian beech and Velvet maple. Results of spectroscopy showed that heat treatment led to decrease of hydroxyl groups which became more sensible with increasing temperature ...
Read More
The present study was done with the aim of investigation of the effect of heat treatment on chemical and physical properties of Iranian beech and Velvet maple. Results of spectroscopy showed that heat treatment led to decrease of hydroxyl groups which became more sensible with increasing temperature up to 175oC. Treatment at 190oC led to an increase of hydroxyl group comparing to the control ones. Increasing cellulose crystallinity, decreasing the hemicellulose content, increasing the lignin ratio, degradation of syringyl lignin and increase the condensation reaction of lignin was also obtained from spectroscopy. Results of water absorption tests also showed that heat treatment caused decreasing of water absorption. The water repellent and anti-swelling efficiency for both species showed that heat treatment at 160oC didn’t improve the water repellency and dimensional stability however treatment at 190oC led to decrease of water absorbance specially in beech. In total, the effect of heat treatment on anti-swelling efficiency in beech was more considerable comparing to acer, which can be explained by higher weight loss after heat treatment.
Management and Economics wood
Mysam Khalilian Shalamzari; Mahammad ali Sadat nia; Hamid reza Pirayesh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of natural weathering induced by critical climate conditions on quality of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic material in Pars factory. The experimental samples selected from fresh and also stored bagasse for durations of 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years, ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of natural weathering induced by critical climate conditions on quality of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic material in Pars factory. The experimental samples selected from fresh and also stored bagasse for durations of 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years, were used. The mechanical and the chemical properties as well the color variations were measured on taken samples. The results showed that the long storage durations of bagasse significantly decreased the quality of row materials observed in hand sheet tensile and fold strengths. The results illustrated that the amount of Lignin and extractives increased (44 % in lignin and 32% in extractives amount respectively) and also decrease in amount of cellulose and hemicellulose was found (10% for cellulose and 43% for hemicellulose) during 5 years storage in yard. According to the results, there was an obvious difference in L and a color index of 5 years old bagasse in comparing with those of fresh bagasse. Finally it can be drawn that the use of discorded and weathered bagasse could cause the loss in the final products quality which means more chemical treatment for bleaching and more using long fiber in paper making process.
