Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from α-Cellulose and Optimization of its Isolation Conditions

Haghighi Poshtiri, Azar; Jonoobi, Mehdi; Karimi, Ali Naghi

doi:10.22092/ijwpr.2017.109579

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Student in Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran,

² Assistant Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran

³ Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2017.109579

Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are new class of cellulose materials that find wide applications in various research areas over the past two decades. These nanoparticles are usually made by acid hydrolysis of cellulose substances such as wood, cotton, Starch etc. The main aim of this study is to find the optimal conditions for obtaining an aqueous stable colloid suspension of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from α-cellulose with a high-yield procedure. Therefore various conditions of acid hydrolysis were evaluated as reaction temperature and reaction time. The percentage of yield was calculated for all suspensions. The morphology of the prepared CNC was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and the crystallinity was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that highest yield of CNC (88%), was achieved from the reaction condition of 60 minutes at 60 °C. Generally, rod-like shape crystals achieved from α-cellulose with an average size of 35-50 nm and high crystallinity (92%) can be make it to a convenient and competitive source for the production of cellulose nanocrystal for various industries.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Biology and Wood Protection

References

-Avisha Chowdhury, Avijit Bhowal, and Siddhartha Datta, Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies for Removal of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solution by Onion and Garlic Skin, WATER 4, 37-51, October 21 2012

-Azizi Samir, M. A., Alloin, F., Dufresne, A., 2005, Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field, Biomacromolecules, 6(2):612-26.

-Beck-Candanedo S, Roman M, Gray DG (2005) Effect of reaction conditions on the properties and behavior of wood cellulose nanocrystal suspensions. Biomacromolecules 6(2): 1048-1054.

-Chen, G., Dufresne, A., Huang, J., Chang, P. R., 2009. A novel thermoformable bionanocomposite based on cellulose nanocrystal-graft-poly (ε-caprolactone), Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 294(1): 59-67

-Cranston E. D., and Gray, D. G. (2006) Morphological and optical characterization of polyelectrolyte multilayers incorporating nanocrystalline cellulose. Biomacromolecules 7(9): 2522-2530.

-de Mesquita, J. P., Donnici, C. L. & Pereira, F. V. (2010). Biobased nanocomposites from layer-by-layer assembly of cellulose nanowhiskers with chitosan, Biomacromolecules, Vol. 11, pp. 473-480.

-Dong X, Revol J, Gray D (1998) Cellulose 5:19

-Fan, J.S. and Y.H. Li, 2012. Maximizing the yield of nanocrystalline cellulose from cotton pulp fiber. Carbohyd. Polym., 88(4): 1184-1188.

-Fernando Navarro 2010, Cellulose Nanocrystals: Size Characterization and Controlled Deposition by Inkjet Printing. Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Macromolecular Science and Engineering.

-George, J., Sabapathi, S.N., 2015, Cellulose nanocrystals: synthesis, functional properties, and applications, Nanotechnology, Science and Applications 2015(8): 45-54

-Habibi, Y., Lucia L. A., Rojas OJ (2010) Cellulose nanocrystals: Chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Rev 110(6): 3479-3500.

-Hasan Sadeghifar • Ilari Filpponen • Sarah P. Clarke • Dermot F. Brougham • Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, 2011, Production of cellulose nanocrystals using hydrobromic acid and click reactions on their surface) J Mater Sci,DOI 10.1007/s10853-011-5696-0

-Huang Biao, Tang Li-rong, Dai Da-song, Ou Wen, Li Tao and Chen Xue-rong (2011). Preparation of Nanocellulose with Cation–Exchange Resin Catalysed Hydrolysis, Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Prof. Rosario Pignatello (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-609-6, InTech

-Klemm, D., B. Heublein, H.P. Fink and A. Bohn, 2005. Cellulose: Fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 44(22): 3358-3393

-Md. Ziaul Karim, Zaira Zaman Chowdhury, Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid * and Md. Eaqub Ali Statistical Optimization for Acid Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Its Physiochemical Characterization by Using Metal Ion Catalyst Materials 2014, 7, 6982-6999; doi:10.3390/ma7106982

-Moon, R.J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., Youngblood, J., (2011) Cellulose nanomaterials review: Structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 40(7): 3941 -3994.

-Perez, S. and Samain, D. (2010) Structure and engineering of celluloses. Advances Carbohydrate Chemistry Biochemistry, 64, 25-116 References

-Sang Youn Oh,a Dong Il Yoo,a,* Younsook Shinb and Gon Seoc.FTIR analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide 2005 Carbohydrate Research 340 (2005) 417–428

-Wada, M., Heux, L., & Sugiyama, J. (2004). Polymorphism of cellulose I family: reinvestigation of cellulose IVI. Biomacromolecules, 5 (4), 1385-1391.

-Xiao Liu, Haizhou Dong and Hanxue Hou, 2015. Optimization of Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Peanut Shells Using Response Surface Methodology, Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 7(6): 466-473

-Yiying Yue A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The School of Renewable Natural Resources B.S., Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology, 2007 August 2011 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELLULOSE I AND II FIBERS AND NANOCRYSTALS

-Zhang, Y., Lu, X-B., Gao, Ch., Lv, W-J., Yao, J-M., 2012. Preparation and characterization of nano crystalline cellulose from bamboo fibers by controlled cellulose hydrolysis, Journal of Fiber Bioengineering & Informatics 5:3 263–271

Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from α-Cellulose and Optimization of its Isolation Conditions

References

References

Volume 32, Issue 2 - Serial Number 59
July 2017
Pages 300-310

Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from α-Cellulose and Optimization of its Isolation Conditions

References

References

Volume 32, Issue 2 - Serial Number 59July 2017Pages 300-310

Volume 32, Issue 2 - Serial Number 59
July 2017
Pages 300-310