Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Professor, Wood and Paper Science, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Department of Molecular Wood Biotechnology & Technical Mycology.
Abstract
Enzymatic activation of lignin on pinewood TMP (Thermo-Mechanical Pulp) fibers for MDF production was investigated using electronic microscopic technique. Two systems: laccase mediator and laccase without mediator were used. MDF was made with laccase as biological catalysts in both wet and dry process. Incubation of fibers with commercially available Trametes versicolor laccase was performed in aqueous solution (wet process) or the enzyme was sprayed onto the fiber (dry process). Both laccase mediator and laccase without mediator imparted major impact on the optimization of physico-mechanical properties to achieve minimum requirement of standard. Boards produced with fiber-treated with laccase were found to have higher mechanical strength than non-treated binder-free control boards. Best board properties (bending strength, internal bond strength and swelling) were observed after an incubation of 10-15 min at pH 5.6 and a concentration of 100 U/ml laccase with a mediator (4- Hydroxy benzoic acid 98%) concentration of 10 mM added at 3 min intervals . Electron-microscopic micrographs of enzyme-bonded fibers showed that the application of mediator enhances laccase reaction and, most importantly, the substrate spectrum of the enzymes broadens dramatically. Laccase (phenol oxidase enzymes) serves as an activator of lignin by radical production. Certainly it can be deduced from these studies, that enzymatic treatment altered the surface properties of the fibers. Laccase mediator treated fibers showed a marked increase in the hydrophobicity.
Keywords
- Baldrian P (2006) Fungal laccase – occurence and properties. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 30, 215-242
- Bourbonnais R, Paice M G, Reid I D, Lanthier P and Yaguchi M (1995) Lignin oxidation by laccase isozymes from Trametes versicolor and role of the mediator 2, 2’-Azinobis (3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) in Kraft lignin depolymerization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 (5), pp. 1876-1880
- Bowyer RT, Van Ballenberghe V, Kie JG (2003) Moose Alces alces. In: FeldhamerGA, ThompsonBC, Chapman JA, editors. Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation. 2nd ed. Baltimore (MD): John Hopkins University Press. p. 931–964
- DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (1999) Holzfaserplatten, Spanplatten, Sperrholz: Normen, Richtlinien. 6. Auflage. Beuth, Berlin, Germany
- Du Y (1988) the production and use of Chinese raw urushi and the present state of research. In: BrommelleNS,Smith P (eds)Urushi:proceeding of the Uroshi study Group.Getty Conservation Institute,Mariana del Rey,pp 189-197
- Euring, M (2008) Einsatz von Mediatoren bei der enzymatischen Aktivierung der fasereigenen Bindekräfte zur Herstellung von enzymgebundenen, bindemittelfreien Holzwerkstoffe. Dissertation, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, 211 Seiten.
- Euring M, Rühl M, Ritter N, Kües U, Kharazipour A (2011) Laccase mediator system for eco-friendly production of medium dencity fiberboard on a pilot scale: physicochemical analysis of the reaction mechanism, biotechnology journal
- European standard EN 622-5 (2006) Fibreboards – Specifications – Part 5: Requirements for dry process boards (MDF). European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium
- Glasser WG, Kelley SS (1987) Lignin. In: Mark HF (ed) Encyclo-pedia of polymer science and engineering, 2nd edn,vol 8.Wiley,New York,pp 795-852
- Gosselink RJ A, de Jong E , Guran B & Abacherli A (2004) Co-ordination network for lignin – standardisation, production and applications adapted to market requirements (EUROLIGNIN). Industrial Crops and Products, 20, 121-129
- Grönqvist S, Nika-Paavola ML, Viikari L, Orlandi M, Banevali C & Buchert J (2005) Oxidation of milled wood lignin with laccase, tyrosinase and horseradish peroxidase. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 67, 489-494
- Grönqvist S, Suurnaki A, Nika-Paavola, ML, Kruus K, Buchert J & Viikari L (2003) Lignocellulose processing with oxidative enzymes: applications of enzymes to lignocellulosics. ACS Symposium Series, 855, 46-65
- Gutiérrez A, Rencoret J, Ibarra D, Molina S, Camarero S, Romero J, Del Rio JC, Martínez AT (2007) Removal of lipophilic extractives from paper pulp by laccase and lignin-derived phenols as natural mediators. Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 4124-4129
- Hakala TK, Lundell T, Galkin S, Maijala P, Kalkkinen N, Hatakka A (2005) Manganese peroxidises, laccases and oxalic acid from the selective white-rot fungus Physisporinus rivulosus grown on spruce wood chips. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 36, pp. 461-468
- Hüttermann A, Fastenrath M, Kharazipour A, Schindel U (1995) Making of papyrus – an ancient biotechnology or: Pliny was right indeed. Naturwissenschaften 82:4144-416
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A, Lüdemann, HD (1997) Enzymatic activation of wood fibres as a mean for the production of wood composites, J. Adhes, Sci. Technol. 11, pp. 419–427
- Kharazipour A, Schindel K, Hüttermann A (1998) Enzimatic activation of wood fibers for wood composite production,in chapture 9 of Enzime applications in fiber processing .Pp103, American chemical society, 1998
- Kharazipour A, Schindel K, Hüttermann A (1998) Enzimatic activation of wood fibers for wood composite production,in chapture 9 of Enzime applications in fiber processing .Pp103, American chemical society, 1998
- Kharazipour A (1996) Enzyme von Weißfäulepilzen als Grundlage für die Herstellung von Bindmitteln für Holzwerkstoffe. Sauerländer´s Verlag Frankfurt/Main
- Kharazipour A (2004) Holz als Werkstoff. In: Jahrbuch 2004/2005. Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Wirtschaftsfaktor Biomasse. C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V. (Centrales Agrar-Rohstoff-Marketing- und Entwicklungs-Netzwerk e.V.), Straubing, Germany, pp. 325-337
- Kharazipour A ( 2005) Skript zur Vorlesung „Biotechnologie der Holzwerkstoffe“ im SS 2005. Institut für Forstbotanik. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- Kharazipour A, Euring M (2010) Verwendung von Mediatoren bei der Herstellung von Faserplatten. Patent DE 10 2008 038 398 A1
- Kharazipour A, Euring M (2010) Verwendung von Mediatoren bei der Herstellung von Faserplatten. Patent DE 10 2008 038 398 A1
- Kharazipour A, Euring M (2010) Verwendung von Mediatoren bei der Herstellung von Faserplatten. Patent DE 10 2008 038 398 A1
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A (1993) Enzymatische Behandlung von Holzfasern als Weg zu vollständig bindemittelfreien Holzwerkstoffen. In Hüttermann, A., Kharazipour, A (Herausgeber): Die pflanzliche Zellwand als Vorbild für Holzwerkstoffe, naturorientierte Herstellung von Span- und Faserplatten. Stand der Technik und Perspektiven. Pp. 83 – 98, J. D. Sauerländer´s Verlag, Frankfurt/Main
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A (1993) Enzymatische Behandlung von Holzfasern als Weg zu vollständig bindemittelfreien Holzwerkstoffen. In Hüttermann, A., Kharazipour, A (Herausgeber): Die pflanzliche Zellwand als Vorbild für Holzwerkstoffe, naturorientierte Herstellung von Span- und Faserplatten. Stand der Technik und Perspektiven. Pp. 83 – 98, J. D. Sauerländer´s Verlag, Frankfurt/Main
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A (1993) Enzymatische Behandlung von Holzfasern als Weg zu vollständig bindemittelfreien Holzwerkstoffen. In Hüttermann, A., Kharazipour, A (Herausgeber): Die pflanzliche Zellwand als Vorbild für Holzwerkstoffe, naturorientierte Herstellung von Span- und Faserplatten. Stand der Technik und Perspektiven. Pp. 83 – 98, J. D. Sauerländer´s Verlag, Frankfurt/Main
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A (1998) Biotechnological production of wood composites. In Bruce, A. and Palfreyman, J. W. (Eds.), Forest products biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 141 – 150
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A (1998) Biotechnological production of wood composites. In Bruce A and Palfreyman J W (Eds.), Forest products biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 141 – 150
- Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A, Kühne G, Rong M (1994) Verfahren zum Verkleben von Holzfragmenten und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Formkörper. EU-Patent 94103099.
- Kumanotani J (1988) The chemistry of Oriental lacquer ( Rhus vernicifula) In: brommelle NS,Smith P (eds) Urushi: Proceedings of the Urushi Study Group.Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey,pp 243-251
- Lenowicz A, Cho N-S, Luterek J, Wilkolazka A, Woitas-Wasilewska M, Matuzewskas A, Hofrichter M, Wesenberg D, Rogalski J (2001) Fungal Laccase: Properties and activity on lignin. J. Basic Microbiol. 41, pp. 185 – 227
- Mohan D, Pittman CU, and Steele P H (2006) Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: A critical review. Energy & Fuels, 20(3): p. 848-889
- Müller G, Schöpper C, Vos H, Kharazipour A, Polle A (2009) FTIR-ATR spectroscopic analyses of changes in wood properties during particle- and fibreboard production of hard- and softwood trees. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology (IJMPT), Vol. 36, Issue 1-4, pp. 189-199
- Nikvash N, Kraft R, Kharazipour A and Euring M (2010) Comparative properties of bagasse, canola and hemp particle boards. European Journal of Wood and wood Product, published online with open access at Springerlink.com, 2010-07-23
- Pedersen AHF & Rasmussen JJ (1966) Manufacture of chipboard and the like. Canadian patent 743861.
- Pizzi, A. (2000). Tannery row – the story of some natural and synthetic wood adhesives. Wood Science and Technology, 34, 277-316
- Pizzi A (2006) Recent developments in eco-efficient bio-based adhesives for wood bonding: opportunities and issues. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 20, 829-846.
- Reale, S., et al., 2004. Mass spectrometry in the biosynthetic and structural investigation of lignins. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 23(2): p. 87-126
- Rochefort D, Leech D, Bourbonnais R (2004) Electron transfer mediator systems for bleaching of paper pulp. Green Chem. 6, pp. 14 – 24
- Roffael E & Rauch W (1971) Production of particleboards using black liquor as binder. 2. New and fast method for production of particleboards. Holzforschung, 25, 112-116
- Rowell R M (1988) Can the cell wall be stabilized? Dans Suchsland, O. (ed.). Wood Science Seminar. Stabilization of the Cell Wall. East Lansing, Mich.: MichiganStateUniversity. p. 53-63
- Saka S and Kusdiana D (2001) Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in supercritical methanol. Fuel 80: 225-231
- Sjöström, E (1993) Wood chemistry. 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York.
- Vivekanand V, Dwivedi P, Sharma A, Sabharwal N, Singh R P (2008) Enhanced delignification of mixed wood pulp by Aspergillus fumigatus laccase mediator system. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 24, pp. 2799-2804
- Widsten P, Qvintus-Leino P, Tuominen S & Laine J E (2003) Manufacture of fiberboard from wood fibers activated with Fenton´s reagent (H2O2/FeSO4). Holzforschung, 57, 447-452
)