The Effect Type of Chemical Treatment of Wood Material on Physical, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Wood Flour / Polypropylene Hybrid Composite

Masoudifar, Masih; Nosrati, Babak; Mansori, Hamid Reza; Mohebi Gargari, Rahim

doi:10.22092/ijwpr.2015.11899

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ M.Sc., Composite Products Engineering, University of Zabol, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Faculty of Paper and wood Sciences Technology, Department of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Iran

³ Teacher, Faculty of Paper and wood Sciences Technology, Department of Natural Resources University of Zabol, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.11899

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chemical treatment of wood material on functional properties of wood flour / polypropylene hybrid composite. For this reason, first of all, mixed hardwood were separately treated by acetic acid, sodium hydroxide and hot water and were compared with control (untreated) samples. After chemical treatment, wood flour and polypropylene with weight ratio of 50 to 50 and 3 phc of compatibilizer combines in the internal mixer and at last the WPC composite were made using injection molding. Then mechanical tests included bending resistance, tension and impact and physical examination, including water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours was performed on specimens according to (ASTM) standard. Also to study the morphology of the composites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The results of this study showed that by chemical treatment the mechanical strength increased and physical properties such as water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. So that the highest flexural strength, tensile and flexural modulus is related to alkali treatment and the highest tensile modulus and impact resistance is related to the acid treatment. Also the lowest water absorption and thickness swelling was related to the alkali treatment. In order to ensure chemical treatments, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and weight percent gain (WPG) was used on wood flour.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Composite wood products

References

- Allah Moghadam Behambari, P., Mohebby, B., and Kazemi-Najafi, S., 2010. Influence of Acetylation and Compatibilizer MAPP on Impact Load Resistance and Fractured Surfaces of WPC Manufactured with Polypropylene/Wood Fiber, The 1st National Conference on Innovations in Wood Technologies, May 2010, Kalarabad, Iran: 77-78. (In Persian language).

- Arbelaiz, A., Fernandez, B., Cantero, G., Llano-Ponte, R., Valea, A. and Mondragon, I., 2005. Mechanical properties of flax fibre/polypropylene composites. Influence of fibre/matrix modification and glass fibre hybridization. Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 36(12): 1637-1644.

- ASTM. 2004. Evaluating Mechanical and Physical properties of wood-plastic composites products. American Society for Testing and Materials.

- Espert, A., Vilaplana, F., and Karlsson, S., 2004. Comparison of water absorption in natural cellulosic fibres from wood and one-year crops in polypropylene composites and its influence on their mechanical properties. Composites Part A: Applied science and manufacturing, 35(11): 1267-1276.

- Farsi, M., Khademi Eslami, H., Talaiepoor, M. and Ghasemi, M., 2008. Effect of chemical treatment on mechanical properties of polypropylene and waste lignocellolosic composites. Journal of science and techniques in natural resources, 3(4): 53-63. (In Persian language).

- Ghasemi, M. and Farsi M., 2010. Interfacial behavior of wood plastic composite: Effect of chemical treatment on wood fibers, Iranian Polymer Journal, 19 (10): 811-818.

- Hajihassani, R., Mohebby, B. and Kargarfard, A., 2008. Influences of poplar fibers acetylation on mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF), Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 78(3): 108-113. (In Persian language).

- Kalia, S., Kaith, B. S. and Kaur, I., 2009. Pretreatment of natural fiber and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites. A review polymer Engineering and science, 49(7): 1253-1272.

- Kord, B. and Taghizadeh Haratbar, D., 2014. Influence of fiber surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-reinforced polypropylene bionanocomposites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. DOI: 10.1177/0892705714551592.

- Joseph, K., Thomas, S. and Pavithran, C., 1996. Effect of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of short sisal fibre-reinforced polyethylene composites. Polymer, 37(23): 5139-5149.

- Li, X., Tabil, L.G., and Panigrahi, S., 2007. Chemical treatments of natural fiber for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites: a review. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 15(1): 25-33.

- Marcovich, N.E., Reboredo, M.M., and Aranguren, M.I., 1998. Dependence of the mechanical properties of woodflour–polymer composites on the moisture content. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 68(13): 2069-2076.

- Mechraoui, A., Riedl, B. and Rodrigue, D., 2007. The effect of fibre and coupling agent content on the mechanical properties of hemp/polypropylene composites. Composite Interfaces, 14(7-9): 837-848.

- Mishra, S., Misra, M., Tripathy, S., Nayak, S. and Mohantry, A., 2001. Potentiality of pineapple leaf fiber as reinforcement in PALF-Polyester composite: Surface modification and mechanical performance. Journal of reinforced plastic and composite, 20(4): 321-334.

- Mishra, S., Tripathy, S. K. and Mohanty, A. K., 2001. Graft copolymerization of acrylonitile on chemically modified sisal fibers. Macromolecular Material and Engineering, 286(2): 107-113.

- Mohebby, B., 2003. Modification of Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials and Their Technologies. The First National Conference on Processing of Cellulosic Material; 1st-2nd Oct.; Rezvanshahr, Iran: P. 205-214. (In Persian language).

- Mohebby, B. and Hajihassani, R., 2008. Moisture Repellent Effect of the Acetylation on Poplar Fibers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(1): 157-163.

- Najafi, A. and Maleki, O., 2014. Chemical Treatment of Rice Husk with Acetic Acid substitute for MAPE Compatibilizer in Rice Husk/High Density Poly Ethylene Composites. The 2st National Conference on Innovations in Wood Technologies, May 2014, Chalous, Iran. (In Persian language).

- Ray, D., Sarkar, B., Rana, A. and Bose, N., 2001. Effect of the alkali treated jute fibers on composite properties. Bulletin of materials science, 24(2): 129-135.

- Rosenqvist, M., 2001. Acetyl group distribution in acetylated wood investigated by micro autoradiography. Holzforschung, 55(2): 270-275.

- Rowell, R.M., 2006. Chemical Modification of Wood: A Short Review. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 1(1): 29-33.

- Soltani, M., Varshoei Tabrizi, A. and Jorbandiyan, A., 2010. Effect of water absorption amount and wettability property in layers of acetylated Fagus. International Congress of wood and paper industries, 2/2/28-29, Chalous, Iran, pp: 177-179. (In Persian language).

- Sreekala, M.S., Kumaran, M.G., Joseph, S., Jacob, M. and Thomas, S., 2000. Oil palm fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites: influence of fibre surface modifications on the mechanical performance. Applied Composite Materials, 7(5-6): 295-329.

- Taghizadeh Haratbar, D., Kord, B., and Najafi, A., 2012. Effect of chemical treatment of wood on mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour/nanoclay hybrid composites. 1^th National Conference on Nanotechnology and its Application in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Iran: 266-272. (In Persian language).

- Tjong, S.C., Xu, Y. and Meng, Y.Z., 1999. Composites based on maleated polypropylene and methyl cellulosic fiber: Mechanical and thermal properties. Journal of applied polymer science, 72(13): 1647-1653.

- Tserki, V., Zafeiropoulos, N.E., Simon, F. and Panayiotou, C., 2005. A study of the effect of acetylation and propionylation surface treatments on natural fibres. Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 36(8): 1110-1118.

- Van de Weyenberg, I., Chi Truong, T., Vangrimde, B. and Verpoest, I., 2006. Improving the properties of UD flax fibre reinforced composites by applying an alkaline fibre treatment. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(9): 1368-1376.

Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

The Effect Type of Chemical Treatment of Wood Material on Physical, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Wood Flour / Polypropylene Hybrid Composite

References

References

Volume 30, SPRING 1 - Serial Number 50
May 2015
Pages 119-131

The Effect Type of Chemical Treatment of Wood Material on Physical, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Wood Flour / Polypropylene Hybrid Composite

References

References

Volume 30, SPRING 1 - Serial Number 50May 2015Pages 119-131

Volume 30, SPRING 1 - Serial Number 50
May 2015
Pages 119-131