Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD. student Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 , Prof., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Prof., Department of Wood Industries, Faculty of, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
In this research, the effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the functional properties of wood cement composite panels has been investigated. Variable factors in this research are the percentage of nano in (five levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1%), the weight of cement and also the ratio of mixing wood chips with cement in three levels (1 to 3, 1 To 3.5 and 1 to 4) dry weight of cement. In this research, poplar wood and Portland cement type 2 have been used as fixed agents. In total, 15 treatments and 3 replicates of each treatment were made. Preparation of sample in accordance with the standard (DIN / EN 634) and measurement of physical and mechanical properties including flexural modulus, modulus of elasticity in accordance with the standard (DIN / EN 310), internal adhesion in accordance with the standard (DIN / EN 319), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of immersion in water was performed according to the standard (DIN / EN 317). Increased cellulose nanocrystals improved physical and mechanical strength. SEM microscopic images were taken from the samples to examine the microstructural properties of the composite. In the pictures, it was found that by adding cellulose nanocrystals, we see an improvement in the disintegration of nanocomposite materials and as a result, an increase in mechanical and physical properties

Keywords

-Azizi Samir, M.A.S., Alloin, F. and Dufresne, A., 2005. Review of recent ‎research into cellulosic whiskers, ‎their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules, 6(2): 612-626.‎
-Abdollahi, M., Alboofetileh, M., Behrooz, R., Rezaei, M. and Miraki, R., 2013. Reducing water sensitivity of alginate bio-nanocomposite film using cellulose nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 54: 166-173.
-Cao, Y., Zavaterri, P., Youngblood, J., Moon, R. and Weiss, J., 2015. The influence of cellulose nanocrystal additions on the performance of cement paste. Cem. Concr. Compos, 56, 73–83.
-Cao, Y., Tian, N., Bahr, D., Zavattieri, P.D., Youngblood, J., Moon, R.J. and Weiss, J. 2016. The influence of cellulose nanocrystals on the microstructure of cement paste. Cem. Concr. Compos, 74, 164–173.
-Doost Hosseini, K., 2007. Technology of production and application of compressed wood panels, University of Tehran Press.
-Dong, H., Strawhecker, K.E., Snyder, J.F., Orlicki, J.A.,Reiner, R.S. and Rudie, A.W., 2012 Cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforcing material for electrospun poly (methyl methacrylate) fiber: Formation, properties and nanomechanical characterization, Carbohydrate Polymers.
-Flores, J., Kamali, M. and Ghahremaninezhad, A., 2017. An investigation into the properties and microstructure of cement mixtures modified with cellulose nanocrystal. Materials, 10, 498. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
-Jonoobi, M., Mathew, A.P. and Oksman, K., 2009. Produsing low-cost ‎cellulose nanofiber from (sludge as new source of raw materials. Industrial Crop and Products, 40)1): 232-238.‎
-Jonoobi, M., Harun, J., Mathew, A.P., Hussein, M.Z.B. and Oksman, K., ‎‎2010. Preparation of cellulose nanofibers with hydrophobic surface characteristics. Cellulose, 17(2): 299-307.‎
-Jonoobi, M., Mathew, A.P., Abdi, M.M., Davoodi Makinejad, M. and ‎Oksman, K., 2012. A comparison of modified and unmodified cellulose nanofiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) ‎prepared by twin screw extrusion, Journal of Polymer Environment, 20(4): 991-997.‎
-Kamel, S., 2007. Nanotechnology and its applications in lignocellulosic composites, a mini review. Express Polymer Letters, 1(9): 546-575.
-Mohammad Kazemi, F.  Doust Hosseini, K.  Enayati, A.  Azadfallah. A. 2010. Investigation of the effect of nanosilica and type of lignocellulosic material on physical and mechanical properties of wood-cement panels. Forests and wood products 2. 193-201.
-Moon, R.J., Schueneman, G.T., Simonsen, J., 2016. Overview of cellulose nanomaterials, Their capabilities and applications. JOM, 68, 2383–2394.
-Qi, H., Cai, J., Zhang, L. and Kuga, S., 2009. Properties of Films Composed of Cellulose Nanowhiskers and a Cellulose Matrix Regenerated from Alkali/Urea Solution. Biomacromolecules, 10(6): 1597-1602.
-Rafieian, F. and Simonsen, J., 2014. The effect of carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose on the thermomechanical and barrier properties of cysteine cross linked gliadin nanocomposite. Cellulose, 22(2):1175-1188.
-Roohani, M., Habibi, Y., Belgacem, N. M., Ebrahim, G., Karimi, A. N., and Dufresne, A. 2014. Cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl alcohol copolymers nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal, 44(8):2489–2498.
-Silvério, H.A., Flauzino Neto, W.P. and Pasquini, D., 2013. Effect of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals from corncob on the tensile, thermal and barrier properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. Journal of Nanomaterials, 9(1): 6-15
-Tengfei Fu, Montes, F. Suraneni, P. Youngblood, J. and Weiss, J.  2017. The Influence of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Hydration and Flexural Strength of Portland CemePastes.
-Yousefi, H., Faezipour, M., Nishino, T., 2011 All-cellulose composite and nanocomposite made from partially dissolved micro- and nanofibers of canola straw. Polym J 43, 559–564.