Investigation on the mechanical and decay resistance properties of wood modified with maleic anhydride and methyl metacrylate

Nikkhah Shahmirzadi, Azadeh; Ghorbani, Maryam; Amininsab, Seyed Mojtaba

doi:10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13002

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ M.Sc., Student, Department of Wood and paper, Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, I.R. Iran.

² Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, I.R. Iran

³ Chemistry department, Sciences faculty, Koordestan University

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2015.13002

Abstract

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of modification with maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate on mechanical properties and decay resistance of poplar wood. Samples of mechanical and biological resistance tests were prepared according to ASTM D143-94 and EN113 standards. Treatment levels were divided into 4 groups; control, methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride and combined of maleic anhydride/ methyl methacrylate. Samples were impregnated with maleic anhydride and monomer using vacuum- pressure method with experimental cylinder. Maleic anhydride treated samples were heated in oven for 4 and 24 hours at 150 and 103ºC. For polymerization, methyl methacrylate monomer treated samples were heated in oven at 90ºC for 24 hours, consequently at 103ºC for the same time. Methyl methacrylate polymer coating formed on the cell wall, causing 22.57% improvement in the lateral stability under pressure parallel to grain. Highest value in modules of rupture, elasticity and hardness were measured in combined level with 24.13, 47.13 and 45.53% improvement compared with the control, respectively. Maleic anhydride in the presence of methyl methacrylate, with decreasing polarity of the wood and create a good distribution of the particle and the polymer, resulting in the cross linking formation and transmission of uniform tension that would lead to improved mechanical properties. Also, decay resistance was improved in all levels of modification, so that weight loss declined from 80.4% in control to 4.29% in combined level. Modified with maleic anhydride because of the wood composition change, reduction in moisture absorption ability of cell wall and bulking effect, and the presence of methyl methacrylate in the cell cavities as a physical barrier to the movement of fungi mycelium and moisture, were leading to improved decay resistance.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Biology and Wood Protection

References

- ASTM- D143 Standard., 1994. Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. Designation, West Conshohocken, 31p.

- Baysal, E., Yalinkilic, M.K., Altinok, M., Sonmez, A., Peker, H. and Colak, M., 2007. Some physical, biological, mechanical, and fire sproperties of wood polymer composite (WPC) pretreated with boric acid and borax mixture. Construction and Building Materials, 21(9): 1879-1885.

- Devi, R.R. and Maji, T.K., 2006. Effect of chemical modification with styrene and glycidyl methacrylate on the properties of pinewood. India Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, (13): 149-154.

- EN 113., 1996. wood preservatives. Method of test for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes – Determination of the toxic values. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 25p.

- Feist, W.C., Rowell, R.M. and Ellis, W.D., 1991. Moisture sorption and accelerated weathering of acetylated and methacrylated aspen. Wood and Fiber Science, 23(1): 128-136.

- Hill, C.A.S. and Hale, M.D., Ormondroyd, G.A., Kwon, J.H., Forster, S.C., 2006. Decay resistance of anhydride-modified Corsican pine sapwood exposed to the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Holzforschung, 60: 625-629.

- Iwamoto, Y., Itoh, T., and Minato, K., 2005. Vapor phase reaction of wood maleic anhydride (II): mechanism of dimensional stabilization. Journal Wood Science, 51: 601-606.

.Li, Y., Liu, Y., Xiang, X.M., and Xiang, F.H., 2010. Improvement of durability of wood by maleic anhydride. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 41p.

- Li, Y., Liu, Z., Dong, X., Fu, Y. and Liu, Y., 2012. Comparison of decay resistance of wood and wood polymer composite prepared by in- suit polymerization of monomers. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation: 1-6.

- Lu, J.Z., Wu, Q., and McNabb, Jr., H.S., 2000. Chemical coupling in wood fiber and polymer composites: A review of coupling agents and treatments, Wood and Fiber Science, 32 (1): 88-104.

- Mohebby, B., 2003. Biological attack of acetylated wood. Ph. D. thesis, Göttingen University, Göttingen, 147p.

- Omidvar, A., 2009. Wood polymer composite, (1th Ed). Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources press, Gorgan.

- Rowell. R.M., 2005.Chemical modification of wood. (In): Rowell. RM., (Ed). Handbook of Wood Chemistry & Wood Composites. Washington, Taylor and Francis, CRC Press.

- Rowell, R.M., Ibach, R.E., McSweeny, R.E. and Nilsson, T., 2009. Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood. In: Englund, F., Hill, C.A.S., Militz, H., Segerholm, B.K., (Eds.). Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Wood Modification, 27-29 April 2009, Sweden, Stockholm: 489-502.

- Schneider, M.H. and Phillips, J.G., Tingley, D.A., and Brebner, K.I., 1990. Mechanical properties of polymer impregnated maple. Forest Products Journal, 40(1): 37–41.

- Schneider, M.H. and Philips, J.G., 2000. Physical properties of wood- polymer composites. Journal of Forest Engineering, 11(1): 83-89.

- Saiful Islam, Md., Hamdan, S., Rahman, R.Md., Jusoh, I. & Ahmed, A.S., 2011. The effect of crosslinker on mechanical and morphological properties of tropical wood polymer composites. Materials and Design, 32: 2221-2227.

- Yildiz, ÜC., Yildiz, S. & Gezer, E.D., 2005. Mechanical properties and decay resistance of wood-polymer composites prepared from fast growing species in Turkey. Bioresource Technology, 96 (9): 1003-1011.

Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

Investigation on the mechanical and decay resistance properties of wood modified with maleic anhydride and methyl metacrylate

References

References

Volume 30, Fall 3 - Serial Number 52
August 2015
Pages 490-503

Investigation on the mechanical and decay resistance properties of wood modified with maleic anhydride and methyl metacrylate

References

References

Volume 30, Fall 3 - Serial Number 52August 2015Pages 490-503

Volume 30, Fall 3 - Serial Number 52
August 2015
Pages 490-503