Investigating the reinforcement of parallel chip lumber (PSL) obtained from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of spruce with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)

Shurvazi, Haniye; Shamsian, Mohammad; Bayatkashkoli, Ali; Dahmardeh Ghaleno, Mohammad

doi:10.22092/ijwpr.2024.363404.1761

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Student in Lignocellulosic Composites, Zabol University, Iran

² Associate Professor in Science & Wood Industry & Paper Group, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

³ professor, in Science & Wood Industry & Paper Group, Zabol University, zabol, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2024.363404.1761

Abstract

Background and purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating parallel strand lumber (PSL) made from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from poplar wood that reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and epoxy resin.
Materials and methods: The independent variable was LVL and PSL with FRP and their comparison control sample without FRP. The mechanical properties of the manufactured boards including bending strength (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in the width and edge of the test sample, shear strength, compression strength parallel to the grain, internal bonding and Screw Withdrawal Strengths were investigated as dependent variables. The obtained results were analyzed in the form of completely randomized design by SPSS software.
Results: Results showed that of all of the studied mechanical properties, the use of FRP strengthened the PSL and LVL panels. For LVL, the effect of strengthening the samples with FRP was significant at the level of 1% and also for the modulus of rupture of the width and edge samples showed an increase of 93% and 59%, respectively. The value of MOE during reinforcement with FRP showed an increase of 89.6 and 132% for the width and length of the PSL samples, respectively. For LVL, the MOE value of the width and edge of the samples increased by 54 and 95.5% with reinforcement. Reinforced PSL samples have improved their shear strength by 31%, while this value is only 2.5% for LVL. in the internal bonding test, strengthening with FRP improved the internal bonding strength of the samples by 92%. Screw Withdrawal Strengths improved by 27% due to the strengthening of the test samples with FRP.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the use of glass fibers and epoxy resin has a significant positive effect on the mechanical resistance of PSL made of reed and LVL and it is possible to use low quality raw materials such as reed and waste poplar wood layers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Composite wood products

References

-André, A. and Kliger, R., 2009. Strengthening of timber beams using FRP, with emphasis on compression strength: a state of the art review. In Proceedings of the Second Official International Conference of International Institute for FRP in Construction for Asia-Pacific Region APFIS (pp. 193-202).

-Borri, A., Corradi, M. and Grazini, A., 2003. FRP reinforcement of wood elements under bending loads. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Faults+ Repair, London, UK (Vol. 13).

-Borri, A., Corradi, M. and Grazini, A., 2005. A method for flexural reinforcement of old wood beams with CFRP materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 36(2), 143-153.

-Campilho, R.D.S.G., De Moura, M.F.S.F., Barreto, A.M.J.P., Morais, J.J.L. and Domingues, J.J.M.S., 2010. Experimental and numerical evaluation of composite repairs on wood beams damaged by cross-graining. Construction and Building Materials, 24(4), 531-537.

-Cheng, F. and Hu, Y., 2011. Nondestructive test and prediction of MOE of FRP reinforced fast-growing poplar glulam. Composites science and technology, 71(8), 1163-1170.

-Corradi, M., Vemury, C.M., Edmondson, V., Poologanathan, K. and Nagaratnam, B., 2021. Local FRP reinforcement of existing timber beams. Composite Structures, 258, 113363.

-Corradi, M., Speranzini, E., Borri, A. and Vignoli, A., 2006. In-plane shear reinforcement of wood beam floors with FRP. Composites Part B: Engineering, 37(4-5), 310-319.

-Dagher, H.J. and Lindyberg, R., 2000. FRP-wood hybrids for bridges: a comparison of E-glass and carbon reinforcements. In Advanced Technology in Structural Engineering (pp. 1-8).

-De la Rosa García, P., Escamilla, A.C. and García, M.N.G., 2013. Bending reinforcement of timber beams with composite carbon fiber and basalt fiber materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 55, 528-536.

-Dumitrascu, A.E., Lunguleasa, A., Salca, E.A. and Ciobanu, V.D., 2020. Evaluation of selected properties of oriented strand boards made from fast growing wood species. BioResources, 15(1), 199-210.

-Fiore, V., Scalici, T. and Valenza, A.J.C.P., 2014. Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. Carbohydrate polymers, 106, 77-83.

-Gong, M., 2021. Wood and Engineered Wood Products: Stress and Deformation. In Engineered Wood Products for Construction. IntechOpen.

-Hollaway, L.C., 2010. A review of the present and future utilisation of FRP composites in the civil infrastructure with reference to their important in-service properties. Construction and building materials, 24(12), 2419-2445.

-Huang, S., Yan, L. and Kasal, B., 2023. Flexural behaviour of wood beams strengthened by flax-glass hybrid FRP subjected to hygrothermal and weathering exposures. Construction and Building Materials, 365, 130076.

-Kliger, I. R., Haghani, R., Brunner, M., Harte, A.M. and Schober, K.U., 2016. Wood-based beams strengthened with FRP laminates: improved performance with pre-stressed systems. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74, 319-330.

-Kurt, R., Meriç, H., Aslan, K. and Çil, M., 2012. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufacturing using three hybrid poplar clones. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36(2), 237-245.

-Lau, D., Qiu, Q., Zhou, A. and Chow, C.L., 2016. Long term performance and fire safety aspect of FRP composites used in building structures. Construction and building materials, 126, 573-585.

-Lyons, J.S. and Ahmed, M.R., 2005. Factors affecting the bond between polymer composites and wood. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and composites, 24(4), 405-412.

-Ling, Z., Liu, W. and Shao, J., 2020. Experimental and theoretical investigation on shear behaviour of small-scale timber beams strengthened with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer composites. Composite Structures, 240, 111989.

-Markström, E., Kuzman, M.K., Bystedt, A., Sandberg, D. and Fredriksson, M., 2018. Swedish architects view of engineered wood products in buildings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 181, 33-41.

-Mentrasti, L., Molari, L. and Fabiani, M., 2021. Poisson's ratio bounds in orthotropic materials. Application to natural composites: wood, bamboo and Arundo donax. Composites Part B: Engineering, 209, 108612.

-Milner, H.R., 2009. Sustainability of engineered wood products in construction. In Sustainability of construction materials (pp. 184-212). Woodhead Publishing.

-Morales-Conde, M.J., Rodríguez-Liñán, C. and Rubio-de Hita, P., 2015. Bending and shear reinforcements for timber beams using GFRP plates. Construction and Building Materials, 96, 461-472.

-Nazarpor, M., Tatari, A., Shafaei, H., Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A. and Khalaghi, M., 2021. Pyrolysis of Arundo donax lignocellulosic wastes in a fixed bed reactor under CO₂ atmosphere. Fuel and Combustion, 14(1), 61-72. [In Persian]

-O'Callaghan, R.B., Lacroix, D. and Kim, K.E., 2022. Experimental investigation of the compressive behaviour of GFRP wrapped spruce-pine-fir square timber columns. Engineering Structures, 252, 113618.

-Pędzik, M., Janiszewska, D. and Rogoziński, T., 2021. Alternative lignocellulosic raw materials in particleboard production: A review. Industrial Crops and Products, 174, 114162.

-Raftery, G.M. and Rodd, P.D., 2015. FRP reinforcement of low-grade glulam timber bonded with wood adhesive. Construction and building materials, 91, 116-125.

-Ribeiro, A.B. and Mascia, N.T., 2019. Numerical and experimental study of shear stress behavior of NBR and ASTM standard test specimens for FRP-wood bonds. Composite Structures, 224, 111066.

-Righetti, L., Corradi, M. and Borri, A., 2015. Basalt FRP spike repairing of wood beams. Fibers, 3(3), 323-337.

-Saad, K. and Lengyel, A., 2022. Strengthening timber structural members with CFRP and GFRP: A state-of-the-art review. Polymers, 14(12), 2381.

-Schober, K.U., Harte, A.M., Kliger, R., Jockwer, R., Xu, Q. and Chen, J.F., 2015. FRP reinforcement of timber structures. Construction and building materials, 97, 106-118.

-Shafaei, H., Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A. and Abbaszadeh-Mayvan, A., 2023. Modeling and optimization of alkaline pretreatment conditions for the production of bioethanol from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) biomass using response surface methodology (RSM). Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04152-6

-Singh, P., Singh, S., Ojha, R., Tiwari, P., Khan, S., Kumar, R. and Gupta, A., 2022. Characterization of Wear of FRP Composites: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings.

-Sotayo, A., Bradley, D., Bather, M., Sareh, P., Oudjene, M., El-Houjeyri, I. and Guan, Z., 2020. Review of state of the art of dowel laminated timber members and densified wood materials as sustainable engineered wood products for construction and building applications. Developments in the Built Environment, 1, 100004.

-Sun, X., He, M. and Li, Z., 2020. Novel engineered wood and bamboo composites for structural applications: State-of-art of manufacturing technology and mechanical performance evaluation. Construction and Building Materials, 249, 118751.

-Vahedian, A., Shrestha, R. and Crews, K., 2019. Experimental and analytical investigation on CFRP strengthened glulam laminated timber beams: Full-scale experiments. Composites Part B: Engineering, 164, 377-389.

-Wang, H.W., Zhou, H.W., Gui, L. L., Ji, H.W. and Zhang, X.C., 2014. Analysis of effect of fiber orientation on Young’s modulus for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites. Composites part B: engineering, 56, 733-739.

-Wdowiak-Postulak, A., 2020. Natural fibre as reinforcement for vintage wood. Materials, 13(21), 4799.

-Yang, J.Q., Smith, S.T., Wu, Y.F. and Feng, P., 2020. Strengthening single-bolt timber joints with
externally bonded CFRP composites. In Structures (Vol. 28, pp. 2671-2685). Elsevier.

-Zhou, A., Qin, R., Chow, C.L. and Lau, D., 2020. Bond integrity of aramid, basalt and carbon fiber reinforced

Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

Investigating the reinforcement of parallel chip lumber (PSL) obtained from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of spruce with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)

References

References

Volume 39, Issue 2 - Serial Number 87
June 2024
Pages 95-110

Investigating the reinforcement of parallel chip lumber (PSL) obtained from reed waste and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of spruce with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)

References

References

Volume 39, Issue 2 - Serial Number 87June 2024Pages 95-110

Volume 39, Issue 2 - Serial Number 87
June 2024
Pages 95-110