Research Paper
Sayed mahmood Kazemi; Aliakbar Enayati; Heshmatalah Rahymian
Abstract
The durability of following five wood species: Zelkova carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Carpinus betulus and Acer laetum were studied. Wood blocks exposed to Trametes versicolor(a white rot fungus) under laboratory conditions according to DIN52176 standard. After 16 weeks incubation ...
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The durability of following five wood species: Zelkova carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Carpinus betulus and Acer laetum were studied. Wood blocks exposed to Trametes versicolor(a white rot fungus) under laboratory conditions according to DIN52176 standard. After 16 weeks incubation the heart wood of Z. carpinifolia showed 2.19% reduction in weight loss, while U glabra with 41.69%, C. betulus with 45.64%, A. laetum with 53.03% and P. Fraxinifolia with 43.08% weight losses were very decayed. For finding relationship between amount of wood decay and wood extractives a regression was carried out. The percentages of extractive materials by using T20403 standard were 13.84% in Z. carpinifolia, 4.51% in U. glabra, 2.74% in C. betulus, 3.88% in A. laetum, and 4.11% in P. fraxinifolia. Finally there was a negative correlation between rate of decay and amount of wood there was expect P. fraxinifolia. for all wood species extractives.
Research Paper
Physics and anatomy
Hossein Familian; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad hassan Asareh; Sayed mosa Sadeghi; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to ...
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Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. It seems necessary to recognize the best utilization of this wood that are potentially available and easy to caltivate in Iran.The results of this study revealed that Ziziphus spina - christi is a diffuse - porous with pores round to oval, dense, hard and fine - textured wood. The length of vessel elements is medium, and the diameter relative high, few vessels per unit area and the type of perforation plates is simple. Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric and rarely aliform. Libriform fibers length medium, thin to thick - walled. Rays 1-2 cells wide with medium length and not visible with nakedeye, crystals are common in most rays. In this species also percentages of cellulose and lignin are high but ash and extractive soluble in acetone content was found to be low.
Research Paper
Pulp and paper
Mehran Roohnia; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Sayed Zyae Aldin Hosseini
Abstract
In this research, pulping of rinds from sunflower seeds by soda process is studied. Fiber length was 0.89 millimeters and its chemical content, contained 40.5% Cellulose, 30.5% Lignin, 3.33% Ash and 1.93% Extractives. Conditions of Soda process were three different soda consummations of (Chemical charge) ...
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In this research, pulping of rinds from sunflower seeds by soda process is studied. Fiber length was 0.89 millimeters and its chemical content, contained 40.5% Cellulose, 30.5% Lignin, 3.33% Ash and 1.93% Extractives. Conditions of Soda process were three different soda consummations of (Chemical charge) 14%, 16% and 18%. Liquor on rinds ratio, was equal to 6, and period of digestion was 30 minutes. Yield and Kappa number on the best choice of conditions of pulping (165 degree of centigrade temperature and 16% soda consumption) were measured respectively 55.7% and 74.96.Using PFImill, four kinds of pulps with four different free nesses were produced from the proper Pulp and were changed to hand sheets. Study on mechanical strength of hand sheets showed that beating has no effect on tear strength from 30 to 40 SR and it reduces this strength after more beating. Practically, no effect was observed on burst strength and breaking length during beating from 30SR to 60SR. This lignocellulose, agricultural residue is a cheap by-product in Sunflower-oil producer factories. Some of them is as a food for live-stocks and some is burned as a source of energy. Because of this, using rind from sunflower seeds in Paper and other cellulosic industries can be useful.
Research Paper
Management and Economics wood
Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Ali Reza nezhad; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Samples of 6 wood species including: Oak (Quercus castaneafolia) Horn beam (Carpinus betulus), Beech (Fagus orientalis), Alder (alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (platanus orientalis) and Babul (Acasia arabica) were treated with Creosote. The dimension of samples was 200 x 75 x 20 mm. Both treated and ...
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Samples of 6 wood species including: Oak (Quercus castaneafolia) Horn beam (Carpinus betulus), Beech (Fagus orientalis), Alder (alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (platanus orientalis) and Babul (Acasia arabica) were treated with Creosote. The dimension of samples was 200 x 75 x 20 mm. Both treated and untreated samples were installed in sea water (Chabahar port coasts) according to IRG/WP-4432 (1985). After 8, 12, 24, 33 months, the samples were inspected according to recommendation of ASTM D 2481. During this installation period, the control samples of Alder after 8 months, the samples of Oak and Hornbeam, Beech and Oriental plane after 12 months, seriously attacked. The grade of samples Babul after 12 months installation in sea water was 3.8. Treated samples with Creosote, samples of Oak 24 months and Hornbeam, after 33 months, were seriously attacked.So, treating with creosote using full cell process causes an increase in wood, durability against marine boreres approximately more than two times of untreated samples.
Research Paper
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
Two 22 years old spruce trees (Picea abies) from Picesoon region of Gilan province are investigated. These samples were transferred to the Alborz research center. The physical, anatomical and chemical properties of samples were determined. Dry and critical specific gravity, fiber length, amount of cellulose ...
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Two 22 years old spruce trees (Picea abies) from Picesoon region of Gilan province are investigated. These samples were transferred to the Alborz research center. The physical, anatomical and chemical properties of samples were determined. Dry and critical specific gravity, fiber length, amount of cellulose and lignin were measured at 0.334, 0.306, 3.07 mm, % 59.74 and % 28.94 respectively. Average yield and kappa number of kraft pulp at %16, %18 and % 20 effective alkalis were determined at 48/67%, 44.67%, 45.63% and 46.85, 33.98 and 26.89 respectively. The result of this research indicates that production of suitable pulp from picea abies wood is possible.
Research Paper
Physics and anatomy
Kamyar Salehi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, 16/11mm, and 3/9mm respectively.Cotton stem oven-dry density, basic density, and air-dry density were measured at 0/44 gr./cm3, 0.4Ogr/cm3, and .42gr/cm3.Shrinkage and swelling was measured at 7.7 %, 8.3% and porosity was measured at 70.5%.Chemical composition was as follow: cellulose 52%, lignin 29.2%, ash 104% and extractives 6.8%.Anatomical features were as follow: Growth ring boundaries distinct or absent Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal or radial pattern grouping:partly solitary partly in radial multiples of 2-4-6 or very small cluster Simple perforation plate. Intervesse pit alternate. Intervessel pit size: minute -< 4mm. Vestured pits absent. Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple Helical Thickening absent. Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50-100mm. Vessels per square millimeter 20-40 vessels. Mean vessel element length - < 350mm. Tyloses Gums & deposits absent. Fiber with simple to minutely bordered pits. Helical thickening in ground tissue fibers absent.Nonseptate fiber present. Fibers very thin walled. Rays with multi seriate portion as wide as uniseriate portion. Aggregate rays absent. Ray height> 1mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright And square marginal cells Ray per millimeter 4-12/mm.
