Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran,

2 Assistant professor, University of Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, University of Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant professor, University of Maine, USA

5 Associate professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

Abstract

In the present study, creep rupture behavior of a bagasse fiber- polypropylene composite was investigated. Two accumulated damage model (EDRM and Wood) and an energy based failure model (R-W) were adopted to describe the load duration influence on the studied composite. Results have shown that at very high stress levels, the EDRM and Wood models underestimated and overestimated the time to failure than static value respectively. This was attributed to the difference between application of static loading and creep loading. Findings indicated that the all three models were able to describe the creep rupture behavior of the studied composite and among this; the Wood model has shown a better fitting with experimental data, statistically. Based on findings in the present research, it can be concluded that the R-W model was more conservative in predicting time to failure in comparison with the two other models, and the reason can be attributed to the difference between failure criteria in energy based models and accumulated damage models. Results also showed that with increasing stress levels, the secondary stage of creep will shorten and at high stress level, the tertiary stage of creep will be more dominant

Keywords

Main Subjects

-Adcock, T., Wolcott, M.P. and Hermanson, J.C., 2001. The influence of wood plastic composite formulation: Studies on mechanical and physical properties. Project End Report: Engineered Wood Composites for Navy Waterfronts. Task 1D-1 Evaluate Extruded Materials. Washington State University. Pullman, Washington.
-Alvarez-Valencia, D., Dagher H. j., Davids, W.G. and Lopez-Anido, R. A., 2010. Structural performance of wood plastic composite sheet piling, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 22(12): 1235-1243.
-ASTM D618-00, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing, American society for testing materials.
-ASTM D6815, Standard Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load and Creep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based Products.
-Brandt, C.W. and Fridley, K.J., 2003. Load-Duration Behavior of Wood-Plastic Composites. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 15(6):524-536.
-Cai, Zh. and Ross R.J.,  2011. Mechanical properties of wood-based composite materials. In: Wood handbook, Forest Products Laboratory, pp.12.1-12.12.
-Chang, F.C., Lam, F. and Kadla, J.F., 2013. Application of time–temperature–stress superposition on creep of wood–plastic composites, Mechanics of time dependent materials, 17: 427-435.
-Clemons, C., 2002. Wood-plastic composites in the United States; The interfacing of two industries. Forest Product Journal, 52 (6): 10-18.
-Dolan, J.D., DuChateau, K.A., O'Dell, J., Wolcott, M.P. and Johnson, S., 2010. Effect of form change in sill plates on shear wall performance, 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering, WCTE 2010. 2: 1160-1168. 
-Dastoorian, F., Tajvidi, M. and Ebrahimi, G., 2010. Evaluation of time dependent behavior of a wood flour/high density polyethylene composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29 (1):132-143.
-Fridley, K. J., 1992. Creep rupture behavior of wood. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 637. Purdue University.
-Gerhards, C.C. and Link, C.L., 1987. A cumulative damage model to predict load duration characteristics of lumber. Wood and Fiber Science. 19(2): 147-164
-Hamel, S.E., Bechle, N.J., Hermanson J.C. and Cramer, S. M., 2010. Characterizing macroscopic creep behavior of wood plastic composites in tension and compression, in 10th international conference on wood & biofiber plastic composites and cellulose nanocomposites symposium: May 2009, Madison, WI: Forest Product society, 289P.
-Kazemi Najafi, S., Nikray, S.J. and Ebrahimi, GH., 2012. A comparison study on creep behavior of wood–plastic composite, solid wood, and polypropylene, Journal of Composite Materials, 46(7): 801-808.
-Kazemi Najafi, S., Sharifnia, H. and Tajvidi, M., 2008. Effects of water absorption on creep behavior of wood-plastic composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 42(10): 993-1002.
-Najafi, A. and Najafi, S.K., 2009. Effect of load levels and plastic type on creep behavior of wood sawdust/HDPE composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 28(21): 2645-2653.
-Odell, J., 2008. Wood plastic composite sill plate for continuous anchorage of shear walls in light frame wood structures. MSc thesis, Washington State University.
-Pendleton, D., Hofford, T.A., Adcock, T., Woodward, B. and Wolcott, M.P., 2002. Durability of an Extruded HDPE/Wood Composite. Forest Products Journal, 52(6), 21-27.
-Pooler, D.J. and Smith L.V., 2004. Non-linear Viscoelstic response of a wood plastic composite, including temperature effects. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 17:427-439.
-Rangaraj, Sudarshan V., and Smith Lloyd, V., 1999. The Nonlinear viscoelastic response of a wood-thermoplastic composite, Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, 3:125-139.
-Reiner, M. and Weissenberg, K.A., 1939. Thermodynamic theory of the strength of the materials, Rheological leaflet 10(1):12–20.
-Rosowsky, D.V. and Fridley, K.J., 1995. Directions for duration-of-load research. Forest Products Journal, 45(3), 85-88.
-Sain, M.M., Balatinecz, J. and Law, S., 2000. Creep fatigue in engineered wood fiber and plastic compositions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77(2): 260-268.
-Wood, L.W., 1951. Relation of strength of wood to duration-of-load. Report No. 1916, U.S.D.A Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.
-Xu, B., Simonsen, J. and Rochefort, W.E., 2001. Creep resistance of wood-filled polystyrene/high-density polyethylene blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79(3):418-425.