Physics and Mechanical Wood
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation physical and mechanical properties of oak (Quercus castaneaefolia C.A. Mey) in Sangdeh region of Caspian Forests were measured according to the ASTM Standard D-143-83 for small samples. Statistical analysis included the performing of factorial design and Duncan's multiple- range ...
Read More
In this investigation physical and mechanical properties of oak (Quercus castaneaefolia C.A. Mey) in Sangdeh region of Caspian Forests were measured according to the ASTM Standard D-143-83 for small samples. Statistical analysis included the performing of factorial design and Duncan's multiple- range test.The results indicated that geographical direction on the stems were not significant sources of differences for physical and mechanical properties, but the effects of height of stems were great and statistically significant and in most cases properties decreased with increasing height.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Ali Fatolahzadeh
Abstract
Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should ...
Read More
Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should be investigated. The boards made for this study contained Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at 0: 100, 75: 25, 50: 50 and 25: 75 ratios as raw material. Samples of all the boards made were tested by the methods described in DIN 68763 standard, to obtain mean values of bending strength, internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling.The results of this study showed that there are no significant statistical differences among each combination for MOR and MOE but with increasing the percentage of wheat straw the MOR of boards was found to increase. There were statistical differences among each combination of IB wheat straw had the lowest IB, where as the highest IB were observed on the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp.In addition, samples of each type of board were tested for thickness swelling (T.S) after immersion in water for 2 and 24 hours respectively, and the results indicate that there were statistical differences among each combinations and the lowest thickness swelling value was belong to the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp. which had the highest IB. It was also observed that the board made of Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at with 25: 75 ratio had the highest T.S immersion in water after 2 and 24 hours.
Management and Economics wood
Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Ali Reza nezhad; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Wood samples of seven Iranian hardwood species including: Beech (Fagus orientalis), Oak (Quercus castaneaefolia), Hombeam (Carpinus betulus), Alder (Alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Babul (Acacia arabica) were treated with Creosote and Celcure. Then ...
Read More
Wood samples of seven Iranian hardwood species including: Beech (Fagus orientalis), Oak (Quercus castaneaefolia), Hombeam (Carpinus betulus), Alder (Alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Babul (Acacia arabica) were treated with Creosote and Celcure. Then the samples were installed in the sea water of Bandar Abbas coast (Persian Gulf) for a period of 36 months. During 9, 12, 18 and 36 months, the samples were inspected according with recommendation of IRG/WP/4432(l985).The results showed that, untreated samples of all species were not resisted to the marine borers. The samples treated with creosote using full cell process increased durability of all species expect Hombeam and Babul. Treated samples with celcure were not resisted very well and after 15 months were destroyed.
Mechanical conversion of wood and wooden fittings
Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; masoudreza habibi
Abstract
In order to establish a sawing pattern for small log of Iranian Poplar wood (Populus nigra), experimental specimens were prepared from fresh felled trees. All logs were cut in 230 cm, the length and two sawing patterns were used in order to saw and produce boards with 60 mm, nominal size in thickness. ...
Read More
In order to establish a sawing pattern for small log of Iranian Poplar wood (Populus nigra), experimental specimens were prepared from fresh felled trees. All logs were cut in 230 cm, the length and two sawing patterns were used in order to saw and produce boards with 60 mm, nominal size in thickness. In this study the band saw both vertical and horizontal were used. The study provides considerable evidence that there is significant difference between two sawing patterns (live & traditional method) and live sawing gave significantly more yield and slabs than the other method Sawing pattern for each top diameter of logs have been also given. Since the cost of coating is not much in relation to the benefits, end coating of logs and storage is recommended.
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation, physical, chemical, fiber dimensions, pulp and papermaking characteristics of 4 years old Alnus glutinosa was researched. The average of oven dry and critical density, fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were measured at 0.396, 0.368, 0.875mm, 32.66um, ...
Read More
In this investigation, physical, chemical, fiber dimensions, pulp and papermaking characteristics of 4 years old Alnus glutinosa was researched. The average of oven dry and critical density, fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were measured at 0.396, 0.368, 0.875mm, 32.66um, 27.28 urn and 2.70 urn respectively. Chemical compositions were obtained 48.5% cellulose, 25.35% lignin, 0.31% ash and 2.36% extractives. CMP, one stage APMP and two stage APMP processes were used for cooking. After preliminary cooking, cooking temperature, cooking time, NaOH and H202 charges were applied at 95 degree of centigrade, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes 10%,3% and so on. In CMP process, the average of yield, burst index, breaking length, tear index opacity and brightness were obtained at %73.72-%82.57, Kpa m2/gr. 1.53, Km 3.81, mNm2/gr 3.34, %99.59 and %29.35 correspondingly.In one stage APMP process, the average of yield, burst index, breaking length, tear index opacity and brightness were obtained at %74.09-%81.57, Kpa m2/gr. 1.52, Km 3.5, mNm2/gr3.2, %99.80 and%28.21 respectively.In two stage APMP process, the average of yield, burst index, breaking length, tear index opacity and brightness were obtained at %73.99-%80.89, Kpa m2/gr. 1.92, Km 3.95, mNm2/gr 3.45, %99.85 and %32.41 in that order.Among yields of pulp in the three methods, there weren't significant difference at level 5%. In two stages APMP paper, the burst index, breaking length and brightness were more than other and changes of cooking methods hadn't significant differences at level 5% on tear index.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Kazem Doosthosseini; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
In this investigation, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, mat moisture content gradient at 0,3 and 6%, two press temperature sat 165and 1850 C and two press times at 3 and 5 minutes. 36 sample boards produced and the physical and mechanical properties of those tested.The results ...
Read More
In this investigation, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, mat moisture content gradient at 0,3 and 6%, two press temperature sat 165and 1850 C and two press times at 3 and 5 minutes. 36 sample boards produced and the physical and mechanical properties of those tested.The results indicated that mat moisture content gradient had significantly effected on modified of modulus of elasticity of boards, and with increasing mat moisture content gradient, the MOE of boards increased. Also in 0% mat moisture content gradient, increasing of press time, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity decreased. However with increasing mat moisture content gradient, increasing of press time caused of these properties modified.On the other hand an inverse relationship observed between mat moisture content gradient and internal bond of boards that due to of negative effect of increasing of vapor pressure were on resin bond quality in middle layer. But with increasing press time from 3 to 5 minutes, the internal bond of boards increased. The results of thickness swelling measurement indicated that with increasing mat moisture content gradient, the thickness swelling of boards increased. However, when press time increased, the thickness swelling of boards decreased.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Kazem Doosthosseini; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Mazyar Radkyan
Abstract
In this investigation feasibility of Beech slabs in particleboards production were prepared at three different contents resin of 9, 10, and 11 percent, press temperatures of 165°C and 175°C and hardener contents of 1.5 and 2.5 percent.Based on the DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties ...
Read More
In this investigation feasibility of Beech slabs in particleboards production were prepared at three different contents resin of 9, 10, and 11 percent, press temperatures of 165°C and 175°C and hardener contents of 1.5 and 2.5 percent.Based on the DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, IB, and thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 immersion in water) were tested.According to the factorial experimental design at completely random test was analysis. The potential utilization of Beech slabs residues in particleboard production including: resin content (11%), press time (6 min.), press temp. (175°C), and hardener contents (2.5%) were found.
Management and Economics wood
Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Ali Reza nezhad; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
In this study, durability of Eucalyptus wood(Eucalyptus intertexta R.T.Baker) in both treated with creosote and celcore and untreated to attack by Trametes versicolor (L.ex)L loyd. were evaluated heart wood by the Kolleshal methodes described in DIN 52176, and B.S. 838. The comparison of weight ...
Read More
In this study, durability of Eucalyptus wood(Eucalyptus intertexta R.T.Baker) in both treated with creosote and celcore and untreated to attack by Trametes versicolor (L.ex)L loyd. were evaluated heart wood by the Kolleshal methodes described in DIN 52176, and B.S. 838. The comparison of weight losses of samples were also evaluated and it showed that fungus had no effect on the treated samples but it caused 4% weight loss of natural durability samples. Based on this study, it can be concluded that E. intertexta wood can be classified as a durable wood.
Physics and anatomy
Hossein Familian; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad hassan Asareh; Sayed mosa Sadeghi; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to ...
Read More
Ziziphus spina- christi of the family Rhamnaceae is widely distributed especially in the southern region of Iran and considered as one of the most drought - resistant sub species of the country. This investigation is the first attempt to study wood properties of this species, in order to contribute to a better understanding of it. It seems necessary to recognize the best utilization of this wood that are potentially available and easy to caltivate in Iran.The results of this study revealed that Ziziphus spina - christi is a diffuse - porous with pores round to oval, dense, hard and fine - textured wood. The length of vessel elements is medium, and the diameter relative high, few vessels per unit area and the type of perforation plates is simple. Parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric and rarely aliform. Libriform fibers length medium, thin to thick - walled. Rays 1-2 cells wide with medium length and not visible with nakedeye, crystals are common in most rays. In this species also percentages of cellulose and lignin are high but ash and extractive soluble in acetone content was found to be low.
Management and Economics wood
Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Ali Reza nezhad; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Samples of 6 wood species including: Oak (Quercus castaneafolia) Horn beam (Carpinus betulus), Beech (Fagus orientalis), Alder (alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (platanus orientalis) and Babul (Acasia arabica) were treated with Creosote. The dimension of samples was 200 x 75 x 20 mm. Both treated and ...
Read More
Samples of 6 wood species including: Oak (Quercus castaneafolia) Horn beam (Carpinus betulus), Beech (Fagus orientalis), Alder (alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (platanus orientalis) and Babul (Acasia arabica) were treated with Creosote. The dimension of samples was 200 x 75 x 20 mm. Both treated and untreated samples were installed in sea water (Chabahar port coasts) according to IRG/WP-4432 (1985). After 8, 12, 24, 33 months, the samples were inspected according to recommendation of ASTM D 2481. During this installation period, the control samples of Alder after 8 months, the samples of Oak and Hornbeam, Beech and Oriental plane after 12 months, seriously attacked. The grade of samples Babul after 12 months installation in sea water was 3.8. Treated samples with Creosote, samples of Oak 24 months and Hornbeam, after 33 months, were seriously attacked.So, treating with creosote using full cell process causes an increase in wood, durability against marine boreres approximately more than two times of untreated samples.
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
Two 22 years old spruce trees (Picea abies) from Picesoon region of Gilan province are investigated. These samples were transferred to the Alborz research center. The physical, anatomical and chemical properties of samples were determined. Dry and critical specific gravity, fiber length, amount of cellulose ...
Read More
Two 22 years old spruce trees (Picea abies) from Picesoon region of Gilan province are investigated. These samples were transferred to the Alborz research center. The physical, anatomical and chemical properties of samples were determined. Dry and critical specific gravity, fiber length, amount of cellulose and lignin were measured at 0.334, 0.306, 3.07 mm, % 59.74 and % 28.94 respectively. Average yield and kappa number of kraft pulp at %16, %18 and % 20 effective alkalis were determined at 48/67%, 44.67%, 45.63% and 46.85, 33.98 and 26.89 respectively. The result of this research indicates that production of suitable pulp from picea abies wood is possible.
Physics and anatomy
Kamyar Salehi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, ...
Read More
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing cotton stem in cellulosic industries chemical, physical and anatomical properties of cotton stem (var. varamin) was investigated.Cotton wood fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 840 mm, 23.9mlm, 16/11mm, and 3/9mm respectively.Cotton stem oven-dry density, basic density, and air-dry density were measured at 0/44 gr./cm3, 0.4Ogr/cm3, and .42gr/cm3.Shrinkage and swelling was measured at 7.7 %, 8.3% and porosity was measured at 70.5%.Chemical composition was as follow: cellulose 52%, lignin 29.2%, ash 104% and extractives 6.8%.Anatomical features were as follow: Growth ring boundaries distinct or absent Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels in diagonal or radial pattern grouping:partly solitary partly in radial multiples of 2-4-6 or very small cluster Simple perforation plate. Intervesse pit alternate. Intervessel pit size: minute -< 4mm. Vestured pits absent. Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple Helical Thickening absent. Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina 50-100mm. Vessels per square millimeter 20-40 vessels. Mean vessel element length - < 350mm. Tyloses Gums & deposits absent. Fiber with simple to minutely bordered pits. Helical thickening in ground tissue fibers absent.Nonseptate fiber present. Fibers very thin walled. Rays with multi seriate portion as wide as uniseriate portion. Aggregate rays absent. Ray height> 1mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright And square marginal cells Ray per millimeter 4-12/mm.
Composite wood products
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Morteza Nazeryan
Abstract
Decreasing availability of raw material for Iranian wood industries and the need to conserve our limited natural forests initiated research concerning the utilization of fast-growing species in particleboard production. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of particleboard production ...
Read More
Decreasing availability of raw material for Iranian wood industries and the need to conserve our limited natural forests initiated research concerning the utilization of fast-growing species in particleboard production. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of particleboard production from wood of two- year- old coppices of 17 experimental populus clones grown under intensive culture in the "Alborz Research Center" near Tehran. The furnish contained mixture of stem and branch wood with bark used to make 51 sample boards (3 board from each clone). Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), thickness swelling and water absorption of the specimens were tested. The results indicate that sample boards made from Populus euramericana costanzo and populus euramericana 561.41 had significantly the highest MOR and MOE. But there was no significant differences in the internal bonding strength between different clones, while, those sample boards made from populus nigra betulifolia and Populus nigra nivea showed significantly the lowest percentages of thickness swelling. The average physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard samples produced from two- year- old coppices of poplar clones compared favourably to boards made from natural grown beech wood. Therefore, using UF resin, particleboard with acceptable quality particleboards can be produced from two- year- old poplar clones.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Bohuslav V.Kokta; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) addition as a coupling agent at four levels and also the type of cellulosic materials as a reinforcing component on processing and mechanical properties of modified Populus deltoides fiber and flour/ polypropylene composites.The ...
Read More
This study investigates the effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) addition as a coupling agent at four levels and also the type of cellulosic materials as a reinforcing component on processing and mechanical properties of modified Populus deltoides fiber and flour/ polypropylene composites.The results indicate that the interfacial bond between reinforcing-fiber/ flour and the matrix show great influence on the mechanical properties of composites. Furthermore it has been demonstrated that the addition of coupling agent during processing significantly improves the mechanical properties of fiber/ flour polypropylene composites. The results of this investigation indicates that the highest the mechanical properties of composites are as follow; The mechanical properties of the poplar fiber with 2% MAPP is higher than poplar flour without MAPP, which proves that the addition of functional group C=O acts as a good bonding agent. The notched Impact Izod strength value of poplar fiber with 2% MAPP is less than pure PP. But it is higher than other treatments. The results indicate that the interfacial bond between reinforcing fibers and flour with polymer matrix modified MAPP play a significant role in improving the measured mechanical properties of the composites.
Physics and anatomy
Saeed Mahdavi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Familian; masoudreza habibi
Abstract
Cross sectional disks were cut at breast height from three 17-year-old trees of E.camaldulensis grown in Pasand research station in Mazandaran province. Ring width, wood density, and fiber dimension were measured for each two rings from pith to the bark. Overall average disks, fiber length, fiber width, ...
Read More
Cross sectional disks were cut at breast height from three 17-year-old trees of E.camaldulensis grown in Pasand research station in Mazandaran province. Ring width, wood density, and fiber dimension were measured for each two rings from pith to the bark. Overall average disks, fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured at 758, 15.93, 8.63, and 3.65 micrometer respectively. Mean values for the oven dry and basic. Density was 0.708 g/cm3 and 0.552 g/cm3. Cross sectional \ growth rate and wood production for the trees were measured at 11.1 mm and 12.3 m3/ha./year respectively. Chemical compositions of the wood consist or cellulose, lignin, extractives (in acetone soluble) and ash were measured at 47.44%, 30.87%, 6.96%, and 0.27% respectively. The result showed that E.camaldulensis is classified as short fiber hardwood with low frequency. Fiber dimensions and density slightly increased from pith to the bark. There was high significant correlation between cell wall thickness and density, while; there was no significant correlation between ring width and the others. Among the properties studied, cell wall thickness and fiber length showed the most variations.
Management and Economics wood
Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Ali Reza nezhad; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
In this study, green round poles of Populus nigra L. var. italica were treated with Celcure by using Tire - Tube method. After felling and sizing trees, thick - end of poles (about 15 cm.) were debarked and a section of tire inner Tube was fastened around the debarked end of the fresh - cut poles and ...
Read More
In this study, green round poles of Populus nigra L. var. italica were treated with Celcure by using Tire - Tube method. After felling and sizing trees, thick - end of poles (about 15 cm.) were debarked and a section of tire inner Tube was fastened around the debarked end of the fresh - cut poles and bound tightly with rubber bands and the upper end of the tube was connected to the elevated solution container. Then the poles installed on slope and let them to absorb the solution. The results showed that sapwoods were completely penetrated but hartwood less after 8-24 hrs.
Management and Economics wood
Ali Reza nezhad; Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Four hardwood species including: Alder (Alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Babul (Acacia arabica) were treated with Creosote and Celcure. The dimension of samples was 20 x 7.5 x 2 cm. Both preservative treated and untreated samples were placed in seawater ...
Read More
Four hardwood species including: Alder (Alnus subcordata), Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Babul (Acacia arabica) were treated with Creosote and Celcure. The dimension of samples was 20 x 7.5 x 2 cm. Both preservative treated and untreated samples were placed in seawater (Boshehr in Persian Gulf) according to IRG/WP-4432 (1985). After 9, 15, 24, 29, 38, 47, 53, 58 and 64 months, the samples were inspected according with recommendation of IRG/WP-4432(1985) and ASTM D- 240. All the control samples (untreated wood) of Alder and Oriental plane over 9 months, Eucalyptus and Babul over 20 months, were seriously attacked. Treated samples with Celcure of Alder and Oriental plane after 38 months were completely damaged and Eucalyptus over 38 months were severely degraded. Creosote treated samples of Eucalyptus over 58 months and Babul over 38 months were seriously attacked. Creosote treated of Alder and Oriental plane samples after 64 months installation were sound. It can be concluded that treatment with Creosote using full cell process (Bethel) increased resistance of investigated wood species against marine borers.
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
Three 4,6 and 12 years old populus deltoides trees were randomly selected and felled from the Safrabasteh Research Station located in Gilan province. Samples were transferred to the Wood chemistry and Paper Making of Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. By using of kraft processing, percentage ...
Read More
Three 4,6 and 12 years old populus deltoides trees were randomly selected and felled from the Safrabasteh Research Station located in Gilan province. Samples were transferred to the Wood chemistry and Paper Making of Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. By using of kraft processing, percentage of sulfidity rate of %25, and the temperature of 165°C a addition to modification of effective alkali, up to 14%, 17%, 20% and cooking time at maximum temperature of 60 min., 120 min., 180 min., with a rate of liquide to lignocellulosics malerial equivalent at 5/1 (L/W).Average of yield and kappa number of pulps was measured between 43.83-2.20 and 14.85-30.48 respectively.Pulps were refined up to the freness degree of 350, 400 and 450 c.s.f for 14% effective alkali and 350 c.s.f. for 20% effective alkali. The mechanical properties of 60 grams hand-made papers include breaking length, burst Index, tear Index and folding were also measured.
Composite wood products
masoudreza habibi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Javad Sepidedam; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
In this study, MDF was produced from wet depicting Bagasse in three steaming time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes and in two steaming temperatures of 170°C and 180°C. There were 6 treatment conditions by combination of the above factors and three replications for each combination which resulted in producing ...
Read More
In this study, MDF was produced from wet depicting Bagasse in three steaming time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes and in two steaming temperatures of 170°C and 180°C. There were 6 treatment conditions by combination of the above factors and three replications for each combination which resulted in producing 18 boards.The anatomical and chemical properties of Bagasse and also the physical and mechanical properties of MDF such as MOR, MOE, IB and swelling thickness after 2 and 24 hours were studied.Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, and cell wall thickness were respectively measured 1.24 mm 22.90m., 12.48 m and 5.28m cellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash contents were 53.68%, 20.44%, 0.96% and 1.14% respectively.The measurement of MOR, MOE, IB and SW (after 2 and 24 hours) of the MDF revealed that the proper condition is obtained at the steaming temperature of 170°C and the steaming time of 5 minutes. The properties in the above-mentioned conditions were measured 12.22Mpa, 1370 Mpa, 0.13 Mpa, 47.11% and 52.22% respectively.
Physics and anatomy
masoudreza habibi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Hossein Familian; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
In this study, annual growth, bark content, fiher dimensions of pine wood (P. eldarica) were measured. Annual ring thickness and bark content 4.95 mm, 12.15% are determined respectively. Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, cell wall thickness were determined 2.26 mm, 39.63m 29.06 m and ...
Read More
In this study, annual growth, bark content, fiher dimensions of pine wood (P. eldarica) were measured. Annual ring thickness and bark content 4.95 mm, 12.15% are determined respectively. Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, cell wall thickness were determined 2.26 mm, 39.63m 29.06 m and 5.28 m respectively. Also felting coefficient 58.59, tear coefficient 36.24% and flexibility coefficient 18.12%were measured. Trend of variations of fibers dimensions indicated that fibers longth increased with increasing tree height from butt to crown. Also this property increased from pith to tenth annuad ring then decreased toward of bark. Cell wall thickness decreased from butt to 2 m. height and then increased. Also cell wall thickness decreased from pith toward bark.
Nooshin Toghraie; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Davood Parsapazhoh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
Peroxidases are enzymes which catalyse two final steps in the wood lignin biosynthesis. The connection between xylem peroxidase activities and wood xylem lignifications was examined by determining peroxidase activities in the stems of eucalypt (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) trees during two seasons ...
Read More
Peroxidases are enzymes which catalyse two final steps in the wood lignin biosynthesis. The connection between xylem peroxidase activities and wood xylem lignifications was examined by determining peroxidase activities in the stems of eucalypt (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) trees during two seasons in 1999over the period of annual growth. In addition, samples from the same trees were examined for lignin content. This study clarifies the possible roles of this enzyme in lignin biqsynthesis and forms a background for further work on the last steps in lignin polymerisation. The peroxidase activity of some samples was lower in Autumn. But in the others there was a great increase in Autumn vs. Winter. Though in Autumn there were more isoenzyme. The results show a relation between lignifications and Peroxidase enzyme zones. In Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. in khozestan.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of processing variables such as particle drying temperature, press temperature and hardner consumption on wood acidity and bonding performance of UF resin, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, drying temperature varied at 80, 110 and 140°C, ...
Read More
In order to investigate the influence of processing variables such as particle drying temperature, press temperature and hardner consumption on wood acidity and bonding performance of UF resin, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, drying temperature varied at 80, 110 and 140°C, press temperature at 150, 165 and 180°C and hardner consumption at 1, 1.5 and 2% (based on solid content of UP resin). Eighty one sample boards were produced and tested. The results of physical and mechanical properties measurements were as follows: Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of boards produced with particles dried at 80°C were higher than 110 and 140°C. Application of 2% hardener with increasing press temperature decreased MOR and MOE. Internal bonding of boards were measured and the results indicated that drying temperature had significantly effected the IB and boards produced with particles dried at 80 and 140°C, produced highest IE and lowest IE was belong to 110°C. The effect of hardner consumption was statistically significant and the highest IB was belonging to 2% hardner consumption. The results of thickness swelling measurement after 2 hr. soaking in water indicated that T.S2 of boards produced with particles dried at 140°C were the lowest. The combined effect of press temperature and hardner consumption on T.S2 was statistically significant and at 2% hardner consumption with increasing press temperature, increased thickness swelling.
Ali Reza nezhad; Habib alah Arab tabar firoz jaei; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Samples of 3 wood species including: Beech (Fagus orientalis), Oak (Quercus castaneafolia) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) were treated with creosote and celcure. The dimension of samples were 200 x 7 x 20 mm. Both treated and untreated samples were placed in sea water (Boshehr in Persian Gulf) according ...
Read More
Samples of 3 wood species including: Beech (Fagus orientalis), Oak (Quercus castaneafolia) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) were treated with creosote and celcure. The dimension of samples were 200 x 7 x 20 mm. Both treated and untreated samples were placed in sea water (Boshehr in Persian Gulf) according to IRG/WP-4432(l985). After 5, 9, 15, 24, 29 and 38 months, the samples were inspected according to recommendation of ASTM D 248. The control samples (untreated wood) of Beech, Hornbeam after 9 months, the samples of Oak after 14 months, seriously attacked. Treated samples of Beech, Oak and Hornbeam with celcure, after 14 months, were seriously attacked. Creosote, treated samples of Beech, after 29 months, Oak and Hornbeam after 38 months were seriously attacked. It can be concluded that treatment with creosote using full cell process (Bethell) increased resistance of investigated wood species against marine borers.
Composite wood products
masoudreza habibi; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
In this study the effect of two variables, (resin content and press time) on properties of MDF was investigated. Levels of each variable was as follow: Resin content (8, 9.5, 11 percent) Press time (4, 5, 6 minutes). The statistical analysis proved that the effect of press time on MOE and MOR was significant. ...
Read More
In this study the effect of two variables, (resin content and press time) on properties of MDF was investigated. Levels of each variable was as follow: Resin content (8, 9.5, 11 percent) Press time (4, 5, 6 minutes). The statistical analysis proved that the effect of press time on MOE and MOR was significant. MOE and MOR were the highest at press time of 6 minutes. According to Duncan's test, there aren’t any significant differences between MOE at press time of 5 and 6 minutes. Also the effect of resin content on MOE had significant differences. MOE was the highest at resin content of 11%. There aren’t any significant differences between MOE on resin content at 9.5% and 11% levels. The results showed that effects of press time and resin content had significant differences on IB. IB was the highest at press time of 6 minutes and resin content of 11%. There aren’t any significant differences between IB on resin content at 9.5% and 11%. The effects of press time and resin content had significant differences on thickness swelling after 2 hours. Thickness swelling was the lowest at press time of 6 minutes and resin content of 11%. According to the results of this study optimum combination for MDF production from baggasse includes resin content and press time of 9.5% and 5 minutes respectively.
Physics and anatomy
Nooshin Toghraie; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Davood Parsapazhoh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
To study saxaul wood properties in the various ecological regions of Iran twelve 10-22 years old sample trees (4 trees from each species) were selected and cut from three different areas around kerman. Physical, chemical and anatomical characteristics of wood samples were investigated. The results of ...
Read More
To study saxaul wood properties in the various ecological regions of Iran twelve 10-22 years old sample trees (4 trees from each species) were selected and cut from three different areas around kerman. Physical, chemical and anatomical characteristics of wood samples were investigated. The results of this investigation revealed that the initial moisture content before felling was 38.6% and the mean specific gravity based on oven dry weight and oven dry volume (WOD/VOD), oven dry and saturated weight Saxaul saturated volume (WOD/Vs ,WS/VS ), were studied for yellow, white and black and respectively. It is concluded that saxaul wood of Kerman province is heavy. The average longitudinal, radial and tangential shrinkage were surveyed. Wood periodicity of growth was determined to be 3-4 rings per year. Anatomical features were investigated by light microscopy and papermaking factors were determined. Fiber length, fiber diameter and lumen diameter were determined. These values lead to species with short and thick fibers. Chemical composition including percentage of cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash were revealed too.
