Jafar Ebrahimpour Kasmani; Amir mohssen Nazeri; Ahmad Samariha
Abstract
Abstract: Fiber external fibrillation is one of the refining effects in conventional refining which is accompanied with a variety with other effects such as internal fibrillation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fiber external fibrillation on paper properties. Softwood ...
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Abstract: Fiber external fibrillation is one of the refining effects in conventional refining which is accompanied with a variety with other effects such as internal fibrillation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fiber external fibrillation on paper properties. Softwood kraft pulp and poplar wood CMP pulp produced at Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries was used. An ultra-fine friction grinder was used to generate the external fibrillation. The results showed that, increasing the fiber external fibrillation increased the density of paper sheets and lower refiner gaps decreased the light scattering coefficient. Increased fiber external fibrillation improved the tensile strength of the paper sheets by about 20% and internal bonding was increased from 33% to 46% compared with unrefined fibers.
Porya Rezaei niaraki; Ahmad Jahan Latibari; Azhang Tajadini; Mehran Roohnia
Abstract
The influence of fiber lignin content and the dosage of coupling agent on the strength and physical properties of cellulosic fiber-polypropylene composite were investigated. The old corrugated container (OCC) fibers were delignified using sodium hydroxide to reach the lignin content of 2.7, 3.78, 5.26 ...
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The influence of fiber lignin content and the dosage of coupling agent on the strength and physical properties of cellulosic fiber-polypropylene composite were investigated. The old corrugated container (OCC) fibers were delignified using sodium hydroxide to reach the lignin content of 2.7, 3.78, 5.26 and 7%. Fibers were compounded with polypropylene by extrusion process using 20% fibers and 77% PP and the extrudate was cooled and grinded to fine granulates before injection molding. MAPP coupling agent was applied at three different levels (1, 2 and 3 percent based on the total weight of the composite). The strength properties of the composites were measured using relevant ASTM test methods and the results were statistically analyzed using factorial experiment under complete randomized design. The impact of fiber lignin content of flexural strength of composite was statistically significant at 98 percent significance level and the lowest and highest values of flexural strength of composite were measured at 3.78 percent and 7 percent lignin content of fiber. The interactive effect of fiber lignin and MAPP on the tensile strength and flexural modulus of elasticity of the composite showed that at lower values of lignin and higher dosage of MAPP, these properties are 38.7 and 3438 MPa respectively. Other strength values of the composites were also improved and at lower content of lignin and increaing dosages of the MAPP, the impact strength of the composites was increased from 52.82 J/m to 60.26 J/m.
Chemical conversion
mahdiye mazandarani; ali ghasemian; ahmadreza Saraeyan; mahdi mashkour; SeyedRahman Jafari Petroudy
Abstract
In the present study, preparation of cotton stalk (Sahel variety) as one of the common agricultural residues was studied through three stages as Soda-AQ chemical pulping, delignification and alkaline treatment, aiming for the production of cellulose nanocrystal. In order to identify the optimum condition ...
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In the present study, preparation of cotton stalk (Sahel variety) as one of the common agricultural residues was studied through three stages as Soda-AQ chemical pulping, delignification and alkaline treatment, aiming for the production of cellulose nanocrystal. In order to identify the optimum condition for the preparation of cellulose nanocrystal, acidic hydrolysis of the produced alpha-cellulose was done using 64% sulfuric acid, 25, 35 and 45 minute as time and at 35, 45 and 55 degree centigrade as temperature. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used to identify the quantitative and qualitative properties of cellulose nanocrystals. AFM micrographs showed that more severe condition of the treatments decreased the thickness of the cellulose nanocrystals. XRD results also demonstrated that the preparation stages of alpha-cellulose as well as acidic hydrolysis treatments much effectively increased the degree of crystallinity. DLS results indicated that 98.7 percent of the produced nanocrystals under the condition of 55 degree centigrade and 45 minute were in the range of 18-95 ηm, whose highest abundance was in the range of 18-39 ηm. Thus, the mentioned condition were determined as the best and optimum condition for the production of cellulose nanocrystal from cotton stalk cellulose.
Pulp and paper
Mohammad Azadfallah; Hamid khodabandehlo; Amir abas Shayeghani akmal
Abstract
The properties of transformer electrical insulating papers are influenced by fiber chemical modification process. In this research, the effect of cyanoethylation of fibers and addition of cyanoethylated cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on dielectric properties including capacitance, dielectric ...
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The properties of transformer electrical insulating papers are influenced by fiber chemical modification process. In this research, the effect of cyanoethylation of fibers and addition of cyanoethylated cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on dielectric properties including capacitance, dielectric loss, insulation resistance, breakdown voltage as well as tensile strength of two grade of handsheets made of unbleached long fibers and its mixture with bagasse soda pulp (with the ratio of 1:1) were evaluated after impregnating with mineral oil. Cyanoethylation of CNF and pulp fibers was performed by grafting of acrylonitrile under alkaline condition at 40 ̊C and room temperature respectively. Then, the nitrogen content of cyanoethylated samples was determined using Kjeldahl method and degree of substitution (DS) was calculated. The results showed that cyanoethylation of pulp fibers and CNF decreased the capacitance and tensile strength of insulated papers. It was also observed that the chemical modification imposed slight effect on dielectric loss, but insulation resistance and dielectric voltage were increased.
Management and Economics wood
Reza Hajihassani; Behbood Mohebi; Saeid Kazemi Najafi; Parviz Navi
Abstract
Abstract The present research work has investigated the physical and mechanical properties of hygro-thermally modified poplar (Populus deltoides) wood. The poplar wood blocks were treated hygrothermally at temperatures of 130, 150 and 170°C and for 20, 40 minutes as holding time. The physical and ...
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Abstract The present research work has investigated the physical and mechanical properties of hygro-thermally modified poplar (Populus deltoides) wood. The poplar wood blocks were treated hygrothermally at temperatures of 130, 150 and 170°C and for 20, 40 minutes as holding time. The physical and mechanical properties were determined for both treated and untreated wood. The properties; mass loss, collapse, specific gravity changes, dimensional stability, surface roughness, bending strength and modulus of elasticity, were determined prior to and after the treatment in all wood blocks. As expected, the hygrothermal treatment significantly improved the dimensional stability of the samples. It was also found that the hygrothermal treatment could increase collapse, surface roughness and modulus of elasticity due to the treatment. However, there were decreases in wood mass, specific gravity and bending strength of the treated poplar wood. It was revealed that the mass loss, decrease in the density as well as collapse in woos is correlated with treatment temperature as well as the holding time. While, raise of the treatment temperature as the holding time caused increase of the dimensional stability.
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi; Farzad Yousefi
Abstract
The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood of Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa in Nowshahr's forest region. So that, first, flour and extractives ...
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The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood of Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa in Nowshahr's forest region. So that, first, flour and extractives by acetone were provided by TAPPI standards methods. Then, extractives residue transferred to glass vial and was added BSTFA reactive agent to it. After prepared, samples were injected to the GC/MS device for it analysis. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of Quats index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there are 99 compounds in alnus subcordata, so that, dibutyl phthalate (9.15%), 2,2-oxybis-ethanol(6.62%), 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid(2.63%) and squalene(0.48%) were important compounds. In alnus glutinosa, from 127 indentified compounds, butanedioic, monomethyl ester(10.88%), isopropenoxypropan-2-ol(8.82%),3,5-dioxaundecane(7.73%),gamma-sitosterol (3.53%) and vanillin(0.39%) were important compounds. Comparison of chromatograms mention samples showed that there are 12 common components in Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa, that tetradecane, hexadecane,heptadecane, isopropenoxypropan-2-ol and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were important components. Some of these compounds can very important in durability and consumption Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa.
Jafar Ebrahimpour Kasmani; Mohammad Talaeipoor; Amir homan Hamasi; Ahmad Samariha
Abstract
The strength properties of paper produced from pulp obtained after 1, 2 and 4 weeks treatment of hornbeam chips with the Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM - 1767 fungus was evaluated and compared with control samples. After preparing fungal specimens, hornbeam chips were exposed to this fungus for one ...
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The strength properties of paper produced from pulp obtained after 1, 2 and 4 weeks treatment of hornbeam chips with the Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM - 1767 fungus was evaluated and compared with control samples. After preparing fungal specimens, hornbeam chips were exposed to this fungus for one of the three periods of 1, 2 and 4 weeks at 39oC temperature and 65% relative humidity. Then CMP pulp was prepared using treated chips, chemical treatment temperature of 165oC, for either 80 or 90 minutes and sodium sulfite charge of 14, 18 and 22% (based on oven dry weight of the wood). The liquor to chips was constant at 7 to 1. The results showed that the CMP pulping yield from treated chips was lower than control sample and the reduction after treatments for 1, 2 and 4 weeks was almost 1.64, 2.84, 6.20 percent respectively. Also the strength indices of paper such as tensile strength, burst strength, tear strength and folding endurance paper prepared from treated chips were lower than control chips
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate of possibility of MDF production from successful Eucalyptus Species. Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers were produced using different levels of steaming time ( 7.5 and 15 minutes), press temprature (170, 180 and 190 ºC ) and press time (3 and ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate of possibility of MDF production from successful Eucalyptus Species. Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers were produced using different levels of steaming time ( 7.5 and 15 minutes), press temprature (170, 180 and 190 ºC ) and press time (3 and 4 minutes) and used for panel making. Physical and mechanical properties of panels were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that increasing of steaming time, lowered MOR of boards. The press temprature had significant effect on MOR, and with increasing press temprature, MOR increased. Furthermore increasing of steaming time, decreased the IB of boards and increasing steaming time from 7.5 to 15 minutes, decreased IB from 0.787 to 0.533 MPa. Increasing of steaming time, also decreased thickness swelling of boards. However, the results of this study showed that, the MOR and MOE of boards produced from Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers are around standard level. But in other hand, the internal bonding and thickness swelling of boards are higher than level standard.
Noraldin Nazarnezhad
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the posibility of producing particleboards using surface activation method of P. deltoides particles and then using cross-linking agents to bond wood particles. At first, nitric acid as an oxidative agent at different proportion including 0, ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the posibility of producing particleboards using surface activation method of P. deltoides particles and then using cross-linking agents to bond wood particles. At first, nitric acid as an oxidative agent at different proportion including 0, 3, 4.5 & 6 percent (based on OD weight of wood) and two assembly times of 0 and 1 hour was used. Black liquor at two amounts of 5 and 7 percent was used as cross-linking agent. The results indicates that using 6% nitric acid and 7% liquor had the best performance and that, the assembly time of 1 hour had negative effect on all properties. The ATR spectrum of treated samples showed the increase in the absorbtion rate at 1740 cm-1 related to COOH group as compared with control samples. In addition, the spectrum indicated that increasing oxidation increase absorbtion rate of COOH group.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Kazem Doost hosseini; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The application of regressions models for pridicting physical and mechanical properties of laboratory produced particleboard was studies. In order to study the influence of mat moisture content gradient, particle geometry, press time and temperature, 108 boards were produced.
Regressions model indicated ...
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The application of regressions models for pridicting physical and mechanical properties of laboratory produced particleboard was studies. In order to study the influence of mat moisture content gradient, particle geometry, press time and temperature, 108 boards were produced.
Regressions model indicated that particle geometry significantly influenced board MOR, increasing the slender ratio of particles, improved MOR. Regressions models of MOE indicated that both particle geometry and mat moisture content gradient significantly influenced board MOE, and increasing the slender ratio of particles and mat moisture content gradient, increased MOE. regression model of IB indicated that all of the variables have significantly affected IB. However, in this case, increasing mat moisture content gradient, particle geometry reduced IB and press time and temperature increased IB, moisture content gradient and particle geometry had more effective.
The results indicated that moisture content gradient and press time significantly influenced the regression model of thickness swelling after 24 hours soaking in cold water.
Omid Ramazani; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Mohammad mehdi Faezipoor; Ali akbar Enayati; Sayed mehdi Manzor alajdad
Abstract
Apparent Density of paper is the most effective physical property which directly and indirectly affects most of the strength and optical properties of paper such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, light scattering coefficient as well as the bonded area between fibers. Since paper making variables ...
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Apparent Density of paper is the most effective physical property which directly and indirectly affects most of the strength and optical properties of paper such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, light scattering coefficient as well as the bonded area between fibers. Since paper making variables influences the apparent density of paper, in this study, the influence of OCC pulp freeness, and drying conditions are investigated. The influence of three freeness levels of 350,450, and 550 CSF, drying under strain and unstrained, drying temperatures of 100, 150, 200 C and drying pressure of 7 and 10 kg/cm2 are studied. The relationship between paper making variables and apparent density is developed. All measurements of apparent density were analyzed using Minitab 15 and regression model between independent variables was calculated. The results showed that both pulp freeness and drying temperature had the highest impact on apparent density and both factors increased the apparent density. The response of apparent density of the hand sheets dried at 200 ◦C varied considerably and was analyzed thoroughly. Higher pressure increased apparent density of the sheets. The combined effect of variables is also considered. The combined effect of pulp freeness and drying temperature caused lignin softening and delamination. However, the influence of increasing the drying pressure for unrefined and less refined pulp is not significant. Furthermore, for unstrained drying, the influence of freeness on apparent density was more than strained drying. Manufacturing of more desirable quality papers would be possible considering the obtained results and the effect of Apparent Density on paper strength properties.
Composite wood products
Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Taghi Tabarsa
Abstract
In this investigation, the effect of mat moisture content, press temperature and time on polymerization reaction of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and the strength of UF bonded hornbeam particleboard is studied. Variation of three variables is as followed:
-mat moisture content; 10, 13 and 16% (Based ...
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In this investigation, the effect of mat moisture content, press temperature and time on polymerization reaction of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and the strength of UF bonded hornbeam particleboard is studied. Variation of three variables is as followed:
-mat moisture content; 10, 13 and 16% (Based on oven dry weight of wood)
-Press temperature; 150, 170 and 190 ᵒC
-Press time; 4, 6, and 8 min.
Fore boards were manufactured for each combination of variables. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), Internal bond (IB), water absorption (Wa2 and Wa24) and thickness swelling (Ts2 and Ts24) after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water were determined according to ASTM 1037 standard. All data was analyzed using factorial design. The effect of mat moisture content on MOR was not statically different, but its effect on MOE was statistically different at 5% significance level, and increasing the mat moisture content from 10 to 16% bout MOR & MOE. Highest level of MOE (4262 MPa) corresponds to board pressed at 16% mat moisture content. On the contrary, mat moisture content decreased the IB and lowest value of IB ( 1.447 MPa) corresponds to boards pressed at 16% mat moisture content. The effect of mat moisture content on IB was statistically different at 1% significance level. Increasing mat moisture content decreased water absorption and increased thickness swelling. Lowest Wa2 & Wa24 was observed on boards pressed at 16% mat moisture content (67.35% & 86.78% respectively) and lowest Ts2 & Ts24 was observed on boards pressed at 10% mat moisture content (21.89% & 27.32% respectively). There force for the production of suitable boards, ma moisture content must be kept at 10-13% range.
Hossein Familian; Davood Parsa pazhoh; Abdilrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari
Abstract
In this investigation, Biological, Anatomical, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Phragmites australis Var australis (Cav) Trin. Where investigated in nine plots, at the Hooralazim in southern Iran and talab Anzali in northern of Iran. investigation of biological characteristics indicated ...
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In this investigation, Biological, Anatomical, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Phragmites australis Var australis (Cav) Trin. Where investigated in nine plots, at the Hooralazim in southern Iran and talab Anzali in northern of Iran. investigation of biological characteristics indicated that the mean culm diameter the culm pith diameter and internod length of reeds in the north is more than south. The average biological characteristics of P. australis is: culm length, 5.17 mm.; culm diameter, 13.99 mm. culm pith diameter 10.98 mm.; culm wall-thickness, 1.33mm.; Number of nods, 31 and internod length, 10.22 cm. Investigation of Physical characteristics indicated that, density, shrinkage and swelling, in samplaes from south is significantly higher than samples from north. The investigation of chemical characteristics indicated that, there is not significant difference between chemical characteristics.
masoudreza habibi; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Mohammad mehdi Faezi poor
Fardad Golbabaei; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Sayed Javad Sepidehdam; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Kraft pulping of Pinus eldarica wood was carried out at 18% active alkali, 25% sulphidity and pulping temperature & Time of 165 C and 90 minutes pulp was compared with imported unbleached long fibre pulp with the kappa number of 34. Pinus eldarica pulp (500 ml csf) and imported long fibre pulp 120 ...
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Kraft pulping of Pinus eldarica wood was carried out at 18% active alkali, 25% sulphidity and pulping temperature & Time of 165 C and 90 minutes pulp was compared with imported unbleached long fibre pulp with the kappa number of 34. Pinus eldarica pulp (500 ml csf) and imported long fibre pulp 120 g/m2 hand sheets were prepared for testing. Blending ratios were kept at 5, 10, 15 and 20% for both long fibre pulps.
Upon mixing 5, 10, 15, 20% Pinus eldarica pulp with hardwood pulp, breaking length increased to 6.9, 7.77, 8.01 and 9.14 Km. Respectively, and corresponding figures for imported pulp addition were 6.71, 8.2, 8.25 and 9.27 Km respectively. Tear index is also measured. Adding 5, 10, 15, 20% Pinus eldarica pulp to local hardwood pulp produced tear indexes of 5.93, 6.95, 6.65, 7.08 mNm2/g respectively and corresponding figures for imported pulp 5.38, 5.61 and 5.60 kPa. m2/g with blending above percentages of P. eldarica pulp and 4.78, 5.27, 5.38 and 6.23 kPa. m²/g upon addition of imported pulp.
Abas Fakhryan; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Saeid Mahdavi
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Kamyar Salehi
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties were determined of particleboards produced from Tamarix wood using 3 resin contents (9, 10 and 11%) and 3 pressing times (5, 6 and 7 min). Other factors such as resin type, hardener type, closing press time, mat moisture and board density (etc.) were assumed invariable. ...
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The physical and mechanical properties were determined of particleboards produced from Tamarix wood using 3 resin contents (9, 10 and 11%) and 3 pressing times (5, 6 and 7 min). Other factors such as resin type, hardener type, closing press time, mat moisture and board density (etc.) were assumed invariable. Three boards were. produced for each combination of the 2 variable types. Based on DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 h immersion in water (TS2 and TS24) were tested. The best results were obtained with 11% resin and 6 min pressing time.
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Noshin Toghraei; Nayerolsadat Sadraei; Fardad Golbabaei; Ahmad Hemati
Pulp and paper
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation some anatomical, chemical and pulping suitability of two Iranian hardwood species which predominate in the Caspian forests were examined. The species are carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) and parotia persica (Ironwood).The results of this study revealed that:The average fiber length of ...
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In this investigation some anatomical, chemical and pulping suitability of two Iranian hardwood species which predominate in the Caspian forests were examined. The species are carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) and parotia persica (Ironwood).The results of this study revealed that:The average fiber length of carpinus betulus is 1.4 mm., fiber diameter 18 mm, and cell wall thickness 3.37 mm, while inparotia persica, fiber length, cell diameter and cell wall thickness are 1.34 mm, 17.3 mm and 3.48 mm respectively.The overall average of cellulose content: of carpinus betulus and Parotia persica were measured at 48.5, and 46.1 percent, and the lignin content at 17.5 and 21.5 percent respectively.The wood of each of the above species was cooked by means of a kraft process without difficulty but, there was a slight decrease in yield and kappa number with increase active alkali.The pulping yield with active alkali of14% was about 49.6 and with 20% was 43.44 percent, while the pulping yield of parotia persica in active alkali of 14% was 43.04 and in 20% about 37.79 percent. Thus, it may be concluded that for production of wrapping paper from carpinus betulus and parotia percica, using active alkali of 14% might give better quality paper and for production of printing paper from these two species active alkali of 20 percent might be desirable.
Pulp and paper
Kamyar Salehi; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing bagasse in high yield pulping, CMP and CTMP pulp from bagasse was compared.APMP pulping process was also investigated. Bagasse fiber length, diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 1166mm, 19.63 mLm,7.47 mLm, and ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of utilizing bagasse in high yield pulping, CMP and CTMP pulp from bagasse was compared.APMP pulping process was also investigated. Bagasse fiber length, diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness was measured at 1166mm, 19.63 mLm,7.47 mLm, and 6.09 mLm respectively. Chemical composition was as follow: cellulose 553 %, lignin 20.5 %, ash 1.98% and extractive 2.9 %.The results and comparison of CMP and CTMP pulp are as follow: CTMP pulp yield was 3-4% higher than CMP pulp and the highest CTMP pulp at 80.7% was obtained at 15% NaOH application and 15 minutes chemical treatment time.Breaking length of both pulp was almost equal, but the burst index of CMP pulp was higher and the tear index was lower than CTMP. The highest breaking length of 3.85Kmwas obtained at 15% NaOH and 10 minutes, highest burst index of 4.81 KPa.m2/grat 20% NaOH and 20 minutes and highest tear index at 6.87 mN.m2/grat 15% NaOH and 15 minutes treatment time. Various treatments in APMP pulping reveald the following results: - Two stage pulping yield was almost 6% higher than one stage pulping and addition of H2O2 did not significant improve the yield.- The highest breaking length was related and two stage pulping. But addition of H2O2 in last stage and the lowest breaking length was related and two stage pulping with split application both NaOH and H202.- Even though two stage pulping with the addition of H2O2 in one stage produced highest burst index, but lowest burst index was with the CMP pulps.- Addition of DTPA produced highest brightness and opacity.
Composite wood products
Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Nayeralsadat Sadraei; masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
In this study, the effect of board type, press time and resin content on the strength of particleboard have been evaluated. The boards made for this study contained bagasse and logging residues of Eucalyptus wood particles at a 50 to 50 ratio and employed Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as the binder. Variable ...
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In this study, the effect of board type, press time and resin content on the strength of particleboard have been evaluated. The boards made for this study contained bagasse and logging residues of Eucalyptus wood particles at a 50 to 50 ratio and employed Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as the binder. Variable factors are as follows:- type of board; single layer, three layer- press time; 5 , 6 , 7 , minutes- resin content; 9 , 10 , 11 percentThree boards' were manufactured for each combination of variables. Samples of all the boards made were tested by the methods described in DIN 68763 standard to obtain mean values of bending strength, and internal bond strength (LB). In addition samples of each type of board were tested for thickness swelling after immersion in water for 2 hours and 24 hours respectively.The results of this study show clearly that three layer particleboard has significantly higher bending strength than single layer, but single layer boards have better properties from the physical aspect.
Increasing the content of U.F resin from 9 per cent to 10 per cent was found to reduce the thickness swelling, and tended to improve the strength properties of the board, in both single layer and three layer boards. Press time has significant effect on bending strength and I.B Highest MOR and MOE were observed on three layer board pressed for 7 minutes.
Composite wood products
Ahmad Jahan latibari; Habibalah Arabtabar; Fardad Golbabaei; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani
Abstract
Laminated beam ( LB.) and laminated veneer lumber ( LVL) manufactured from maple, hornbeam and beech wood is investigated. Three levels of press pressures at 30, 35, 40 kg/cm2, three levels of layer thicknesses of 2, 3, 4 mm and tangential and radial layers are investigated. Bending strength (MOR and ...
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Laminated beam ( LB.) and laminated veneer lumber ( LVL) manufactured from maple, hornbeam and beech wood is investigated. Three levels of press pressures at 30, 35, 40 kg/cm2, three levels of layer thicknesses of 2, 3, 4 mm and tangential and radial layers are investigated. Bending strength (MOR and MOE) and shear strength were measured according to ASTM 1186 and 905 respectively.The results of this investigation indicated that laminated wood strength of samples produced from hornbeam layers is superior to beech and beech is superior to maple. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the effect of wood species on strength properties is significantly different at 99% level. Press pressure also showed significant effect on strength. Increasing press pressure improved bending properties, but the highest shear strength was observed at 30 kg/cm2. Cutting direction did not influence bending strength and only influenced the shear strength. Even though the initial anticipation was the fact that thinner layer will produce stronger laminated wood. But the results or this study showed that layer thickness did not significantly affect strength properties.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) grown at two different elevations of Asalem Forests located an the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 2 different elevations, at different high of trees, ...
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In this study physical and mechanical properties of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) grown at two different elevations of Asalem Forests located an the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 2 different elevations, at different high of trees, at 4 different geographical directions of the stems and 2 different moisture contents.The results of statistical analysis revealed that properties of Beech wood from this region was influenced by elevations and to the lessees extend to geographical direction of wood specimens and tree highs.
Pulp and paper
Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
Three 4,6 and 12 years old populus deltoides trees were randomly selected and felled from the Safrabasteh Research Station located in Gilan province. Samples were transferred to the Wood chemistry and Paper Making of Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. By using of kraft processing, percentage ...
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Three 4,6 and 12 years old populus deltoides trees were randomly selected and felled from the Safrabasteh Research Station located in Gilan province. Samples were transferred to the Wood chemistry and Paper Making of Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. By using of kraft processing, percentage of sulfidity rate of %25, and the temperature of 165°C a addition to modification of effective alkali, up to 14%, 17%, 20% and cooking time at maximum temperature of 60 min., 120 min., 180 min., with a rate of liquide to lignocellulosics malerial equivalent at 5/1 (L/W).Average of yield and kappa number of pulps was measured between 43.83-2.20 and 14.85-30.48 respectively.Pulps were refined up to the freness degree of 350, 400 and 450 c.s.f for 14% effective alkali and 350 c.s.f. for 20% effective alkali. The mechanical properties of 60 grams hand-made papers include breaking length, burst Index, tear Index and folding were also measured.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation physical and mechanical properties of oak (Quercus castaneaefolia C.A. Mey) in Sangdeh region of Caspian Forests were measured according to the ASTM Standard D-143-83 for small samples. Statistical analysis included the performing of factorial design and Duncan's multiple- range ...
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In this investigation physical and mechanical properties of oak (Quercus castaneaefolia C.A. Mey) in Sangdeh region of Caspian Forests were measured according to the ASTM Standard D-143-83 for small samples. Statistical analysis included the performing of factorial design and Duncan's multiple- range test.The results indicated that geographical direction on the stems were not significant sources of differences for physical and mechanical properties, but the effects of height of stems were great and statistically significant and in most cases properties decreased with increasing height.
