Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Alireza Khakifiroz ¹
• Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie ²
• Amir homman Hamasi ³
• Hababalah Khadmieslam ⁴
• Mohammad Talaei poor ⁴

¹ Ph.D. student, Department of Wood and paper Science. Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch Tehran, Iran

² Professor , Chemistry Department, Payame noor Univrsity.

³ Associate Professor, Wood and paper group, Islamic Azad University, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor, Wood and paper group, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

Abstract

Permanent or durable paper is a kind of paper that has a high degree of permanence and is likely to retain the properties which influence readability and document handling when storing in a protected environment for a long period. Permanence depends mainly on the chemical stability of the paper itself. Stability may be impaired by chemical reactions involving the paper's own components and by reactive agents from the environment and human being  i.e., from air or filing enclosures. Poor chemical stability produces a chain reaction which in long term storage has a pronounced adverse effect on the mechanical or optical properties of the document. The main reactions causing mechanical deterioration are acid hydrolysis and oxidation. Yellowing is due to photochemical and thermal processes. Whatever the fibers used to make paper are longer , alkaline paper making is used , cationic elements such as Fe⁺², Fe⁺³, Cu⁺², Mn⁺² and kappa number of pulp are minor, it is expected that the paper made is more permanent .In this research imported bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp was used. The used pulp was refined according to tappi test method T248 cm-85 with PFI mill to reach freeness (300±25) CSF at number of beating revolutions 12000 .Hand sheets were made according to SCAN C25-65 standard with grammage 70.AKD sizing were used 2% oven dry weight of pulp and EDTA as chelating agent was used in concentrations 0 , 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 percent. For more  assurance deionized water was used. furthermore, 20% calcium carbonate was used as residual alkaline and filler. Then hand sheets were laid under U.V radiation with wavelengths between 330 to 440 nm in 0,10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 hours interval and were conditioned in controlled temperature and relative humidity . pH of Extractive solutions were adjusted between 7 to 7.5 . At last, each strength indices were measured with three measurement frequencies and to compare the amount of mean strengths of produced handsheets, variation analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan test were used with SPSS software and the charts were drawn with Excel software.

Keywords

• durable paper
• imported Eucalyptus pulp
• BREAKING LENGTH
• strength indices

Main Subjects

• Pulp and paper