Thermography as a non-Destructive method in evaluation of wood density for Oak and Beech

Majdabadifarahani, Parastoo; Roohnia, Mehran; Lashgari, Amir

doi:10.22092/ijwpr.2019.124574.1511

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of wood and paper, Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

² Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

³ Ph. D- student of wood and paper science. Scienc and Research Branch Azad university

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2019.124574.1511

Abstract

DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.87.66.1.1585.1588
This study deals with the possibility of evaluation and estimating the wood density in Quercus castaneifolia and Fagus orientalis. Wood samples were prepared and cut firstly in 4×20×30 cm (thickness×width×length). Then their density was calculated after 72 hours of conditioning in an oven at 60°C temperature. In thermography process, the temporal temperature was monitored in 1st, 5th, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60th minutes of cooling (monitoring steps). Investigating the effects of shape factor and dimension on thermographic density evaluation errors, the specimens were cut down in two more steps to 3×20×30 cm and 2×15×20 cm and the course of thermography experiments was repeated. The relationships of shape factor, density and the ratio of density to the shape factor with the logarithmic cooling rate were evaluated separately. Results showed that density without considering the shape factor variations was not sufficiently correlated to the cooling rate. But the ratios of the density to their proper shape factors were promising for the density evaluations from the cooling rates. However, it is suggested to revise this non-destructive method using a larger variety of the wood specimens and species.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Physics and Mechanical Wood

References

- Ayarkwa, J., Hirashima, Y., Sasak, Y .2000. Predicting Modulus of Rupture of Solid and Finger-Jointed Tropical African HardWoods Using Longitudinal Vibration. Forest Products Journal. Vol. 51(1): 85-92.

- Basterra, LA., Acuña, L., Casado, M., Ramón-Cueto, G., López., G. 2009. Diagnosis and assessment of timber structures using nondestructive techniques: application to the Plaza Mayor in Chinchón (Madrid). Inform Construcción. 61(516):21–36.

- Berglind, H., Dillenz, A. 2003. Detection of glue deficiency in laminated wood with pulse thermography. Journal of Wood Science. 49(3), 216–220.

- Bodig, J., Jayne, B.A., 1989. Mechanics of wood and wood composites. Krieger Publishing Co, Malabar Florida. 712 pp.

- Bodnar, JL., Mouhoubi, G., Szatanik-Perrier, JM. 2012. Photothermal Thermography Applied to the Non-destructive Testing of Different Types of Works of Art. International Journal of Thermophysics. 33(1),1996-2000.

- Diener, L. 1995. Microwave Near-Field Imaging with Open-Ended Waveguide-Comparison with Other Techniques of Nondestructive Testing. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation. 7:137-152.

- Dumoulin, J., Ibos, L., Marchetti, M., Mazioud, A. 2011. Detection of non emergent defects in asphalt pavement samples by long pulse and pulse phase infrared thermography. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 3(1), 557-574.

- Enayati, AA., 2010. Wood Phisics. University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran. 314pp.

- Farra, SC., Ibarra, Castanedo, L, , Ambrosini, D,, Paoletti, Bendada, A., Maldague, X., 2011. Integrated Approach between Pulsed Thermography, Near-Infrared Reflectography and Sandwich Holography for Wooden Panel Paintings Advanced Monitoring, RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING. 47, 4, 80–92.

- Giovanni, MC., Meola, C. 2002. Comparison between thermographic techniques for frescoes NDT. NDT & E International. 35(8): 559-565.

- ISIRI20284 (2), 2015. Physical and mechanical properties of wood - Test methods for small clear wood specimens - Part 2: Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests, 1^st edition. Iranian National Standardization Organization.

- ISO 13061(2), 2014. Physical and mechanical properties of wood - Test methods for small clear wood specimens - Part 2: Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests. International Standardization Organization.

- Jo, YH., Lee, CH., (2014). Quantitative modeling and mapping of blistering zone of the Magoksa Temple stone pagoda (13th century, Republic of Korea) by graduated heating thermography. Infrared Physics & Technology, 65: 43-50.

- Keo, AA., Brachelet, F., Breaban, F., Defer, D. 2013. Development of an Infrared Thermography Method with CO2 Laser Excitation, Applied to Defect Detection in CFRP. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 7(8): 580-584.

- Kandemir-Yucel, A., Tavukcuoglu, A., Caner-Saltik, EN. 2007. In situ assessment of structural timber elements of a historic building by infrared thermography and ultrasonic velocity. Infrared Phys Technol. 49:243–8.

- Loppez, G., Basterra, LA., Acu, L. 2013. Estimation of wood density using infrared thermography, Contruction and Building Materials, 42(2): 29-32.

- Lundgren, N., Hagman, O., Johansson, J. 2006. Predicting moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine by microwave scanning of sawn timber II: Evaluation of models generated on a pixel level. J Wood Sci. 52:39–43.

- Obataya, E., Norimoto, M. 1999. Acoustic properties of a reed (Arundo donax L.) used for the vibrating plate of a clarinet, Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 106 (2): 1106-1110.

- Reynolds, WN., Wells, GM. 1984.Video-compatible thermography. Br J.Non-Destruct Test. 26(1):40–4.

- Rinn, F., Schweingruber, FH. Schar, E. 1996. Resistograph and X-Ray density charts of wood comparative evaluation of drill resistance profiles and X-ray density charts of different wood species. Holzforschung, 50: 303-311.

- Ross, RJ., Pellerin, R.F. 1994. Nondestructive Testing Assessing Wood Members in Structures. USDA Society Review.

- Schajer, G., Orhan, F. 2005. Microwave non-destructive testing of wood and similar orthotropic materials. Sensing and Imaging: An International Journal 6(4):293-313.

- Tanaka, T., Divós, F. 2001. Wood inspection by thermography.12^th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood, March 2001, 6: (3): 1-6.

- Weston, TL., Brooks, WBL., Zhong, WH. 2012. Effect of reinforcement on wear debris of carbon nanofiber/high density polyethylene composites: Morphological study and quantitative analysis. Wear. 294: 326-335.

- Wu, AS., J. Sembach. Xavier, P. T, Rantala. 1997. Lock-in thermographic inspection of wood particle boards-Datong. An International Conference on Thermal Sensing and Imaging Diagnostic Applications. Orlando, FL, United States. doi: 10.1117/12.271647

- Wyckhuyse, A., Maldague, X. 2011. A study of wood inspection by infrared thermography, Part I: Wood pole inspection by infrared thermography. Res Nondestr Eval. 13(1):1–12.

Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

Thermography as a non-Destructive method in evaluation of wood density for Oak and Beech

References

References

Volume 34, Issue 1 - Serial Number 66
April 2019
Pages 89-99

Thermography as a non-Destructive method in evaluation of wood density for Oak and Beech

References

References

Volume 34, Issue 1 - Serial Number 66April 2019Pages 89-99

Volume 34, Issue 1 - Serial Number 66
April 2019
Pages 89-99