Preparation of nano-cellulose from cladophora, a fibrous algae, utilizing it at improving the strength properties of CMP pulp.

Asadi, Fatemeh; Nazarneghad, Noradin; Asadpoor Atoeei, Ghasem

doi:10.22092/ijwpr.2016.106290

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ M.Sc., Pulp and Paper, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran,

² Associate Professor Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Department of Natural Resources, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

³ Assistant Professor Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Department of Natural Resources, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwpr.2016.106290

Abstract

Nowdays, algae considering marine ecosystem are regarded as producers and the first continuum that receives solar energy. Hence, they ensure the needed energy for the aquatic organism living. In global herbal division, algae have 1800 genus and 21000 types. Because of their presence in air rather than underground water, algae allocate larger arena to themselves in comparise to other herbage. Based on accomplished studies, it is rated that algae have more than 7000 types in terms of biological diversity. Algae are used a lot. They are consumed in food industry, dung preparation, medicinal consumption and etc. In this study the green algae nanocellulose was used to improve CMP resistance.For the preparation of pure cellulose, algae samples initially affected the soda process and then were affected by bleaching sequence.. Next, the obtained cellulose has been converted to Nano-cellulose by using ultrasonic method. Nano-cellulose from cladophora algae was mixed with CMP in the ratios of 2, 5 and 8 percent. Finally, handmade paper was made and its resistive (strengh) properties were studied and compared with the pure hardwood CMP pulp. The results revealed that 8% treatment group had the highest density, tensile strength, burst strength, and control group had the lowest amount. Furthermore, the highest tear strength was related to control group; while, the lowest tear strength was for 8% treatment group.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Pulp and paper

References

-Ali, M. and Sreekrishnan, T.R., 2001.Aquatic toxicity from pulp and paper mill effluents: a review. Advances in Environmental. Research, 5 (2001), pp. 175–196.

-Almehbad, N.Y., 2004. Improving paper properties, polymer-plastic Technol. Eng. 43(3), 963-979.

-Bold, H. and Wynne, M., 1985. Introduction to the algae, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall Int: Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

-Brown, A.J., 1886. An acetic ferment which forms cellulose. Journal of Chemical Society, 49,432–439.

- Chen, W., Yu, H., Liu, Y., Hai, Y., Zjang, M. and Chen, P., 2011. Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from four plant cellulose fibers using a chemical-ultrasonic process, Cellulose 18:433-442.

-Ek, R., Gustafsson, C., Nutt, A., Iversen, T., Nystro, C.J. Mol Recog .1998. Cellulose Powder from Cladophora Sp. Algae. Journal of Molecular Recognition, 11, 263-265.

-Favier, V., Chanzy, H., Cavaillé, J.Y., 1995. Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced By Cellulose Whiskers. Macromolecule (28), 6365-6367.

-González, I., Boufi, S., Pèlach, M.A., Alcalà, M., Vilaseca, F. and Mutjé, P.,2012. Nanofibrillated cellulose as paper additive in eucalyptus pulps. BioResources, 7(4), 5167-5180.

-Hubbe, M.A., Rojas, O.J., Lucia, L. and Sain, M., 2008. Cellulosic nanocomposites: A review, Bioresources 3(3), 929-980.

-Kouhia, M., 2013. Integration of a microalgae-utilizing biorefinery into a pulp and paper mill.

-Lindgren, A., 2010. Preparation of Nanofibers from Pulp Fibers. Master Thesis.collaboration with Eka Chemicals AB.

-Luu, W.T., Bousfield, D.W. and Kettle, J., 2011 Application of nanofibrillated cellulose as a paper surface treatment for inkjet printing. Papercon, 2222_2233.

-Mata,Teresa M., António, A., Martins and Nidia, S. Caetano., 2010. Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review. In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14.1, pp. 217–232. issn: 1364-0321. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020.

-Mihranyan, A., 2011. Cellulose from cladophorales green algae: From environmental problem to high‐tech composite materials. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 119(4), 2449-2460.

-Mirshokraei, S.A., 2009. Pulp and Paper Technologists, Aeij Press, Tehran.

-Sheath, R.G. and Wehr, J.D., 2003. Introduction to freshwater algae. Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification (JD Wehr & RG Sheath, eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, 1-9.

-Smook, G.A., 1982. Pulp and Paper Technologists, Translated by Mirshokraei, S. A., Aeij Press, Tehran, 501 P.

-Tekere, M., 2010. Biology 1: Diversity of algae and plants. African Virtual university, http://www. oer. avu.org. Accessed 2011/10/15.

-Vuong, R., Chanzy, H., Sugiyama, J., 1992. Biol Cell .75, 264.

-Yousefi, H. and Mashkor, M., 2008. Cellulose Nano-crystalline, renewable and inexpensive industrial to produce nanocomposites, Nanotecnology monthly magazine, Seventh year, 131.

-Yousefi, H., Nishino, T., Faezipour, M., Ebrahimi, G. and Shakeri, A., 2011. Direct fabrication of nanocomposite from cellulose microfibers using ionic liquid-based nanowelding. Biomacromolecules, 12, 4080–4085.

Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research

Preparation of nano-cellulose from cladophora, a fibrous algae, utilizing it at improving the strength properties of CMP pulp.

References

References

Volume 31, Issue 4 - Serial Number 57
January 2017
Pages 695-702

Preparation of nano-cellulose from cladophora, a fibrous algae, utilizing it at improving the strength properties of CMP pulp.

References

References

Volume 31, Issue 4 - Serial Number 57January 2017Pages 695-702

Volume 31, Issue 4 - Serial Number 57
January 2017
Pages 695-702