Chemical conversion
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
Background and aim: Every year, large amounts of species adapted to the semi-arid environment of Tehran planted. Meanwhile, planted plane tree (Platanus orientalis) and eldar pine (Pinus Halepensis var. Eldarica) tree in Tehran, in addition to creating a green and lively urban space, can also play a ...
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Background and aim: Every year, large amounts of species adapted to the semi-arid environment of Tehran planted. Meanwhile, planted plane tree (Platanus orientalis) and eldar pine (Pinus Halepensis var. Eldarica) tree in Tehran, in addition to creating a green and lively urban space, can also play a big role in absorbing heavy metals and components in the polluted air of Tehran. This study and it aim was accomplished on identification and comparison of the heavy metals in the wood, bark and leaves of planted plane tree and eldar pine tree by using flame atomic absorption method.Materials and methods: In this study, 20 separate test samples of leaves, wood, and bark of planted elder pine and plane tree were randomly selected from the 4th district of Tehran. According to the TAPPI standard tests, the leaf flour, wood and bark of the samples and their ash percentage were measured. Then with the help of 63% nitric acid and for one hour, the solution containing heavy metal was separated from the ash. In this research, atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the type and percentage of metal ions absorbed in the wood, bark and leaves of plane tree and eldar pine tree.Results: The results showed that the most ash was found in plane tree bark and the least in plane tree wood. The highest amount of iron ion absorption was found in plane tree leaves, while the lowest amount of iron ion absorption was found in plane tree wood. The amount of iron ion absorption in eldar pine bark is more than its wood and leaves and in oriental plane leaves is more than its wood and bark. The highest amount of potassium ion absorption was observed in eldar pine leaves and the lowest was in eldar pine bark. The amount of potassium ion absorption in eldar pine leaves was higher than its wood and bark, and in plane tree, bark is higher than its wood and leaves. In addition, the absorption of potassium ion is more in plane tree than in eldar pine. The highest amount of copper ion absorption was observed in eldar pine leaves and the lowest amount was observed in plane tree wood. The rate of absorption of copper ions in leaves is higher than the bark and wood of both species. In addition, the absorption of copper ions in eldar pine is more than that of plane tree. The highest amount of lead ion absorption was observed in the bark of eldar pine and the lowest amount was observed in plane tree and eldar pine wood. The amount of lead ion absorption in the bark was more than in the leaves of both species and in eldar pine was more than in plane tree. The highest amount of zinc ion absorption was found in oriental plant leaves and the least in oriental plant wood. The rate of absorption of zinc ions in the bark of eldar pine is more than its leaves and wood and in oriental plant leaves is more than its bark and wood. The highest amount of nickel ion absorption was found in plane tree and elder pine leaves and the lowest in oriental plant wood. The rate of absorption of nickel ions in oriental plant and eldar pine leaves is higher than in their bark and wood. In addition, between the two species, the rate of absorption of nickel ions in eldar pine is higher than that of plane tree.Conclusion: So that, the results showed that the leaves and bark of both species have a great role in the absorption of heavy metal in the air. In addition, the importance of the eldar pine species in absorbing heavy metal such as nickel, zinc, lead, iron and copper is more than the plantain species due to its evergreen nature. Eldar pine and plane tree wood showed the least importance in absorbing heavy metal. While the importance of bark in absorbing lead is the highest. In other words, in urban areas like Tehran, where air pollution is very important, planting eldar pine species seems to be more effective than plane tree.
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
Background and aim: As a result of population growth, paper and wood products consumption has increased, and restrictions on using forest wood raw materials initiated the utilization poplar trees as fast-growing spices. The aim of this study was to focus on identification and comparison of the ...
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Background and aim: As a result of population growth, paper and wood products consumption has increased, and restrictions on using forest wood raw materials initiated the utilization poplar trees as fast-growing spices. The aim of this study was to focus on identification and comparison of the phenolic chemical components in poplar woods (Populus nigra and Populus deltoides).
Materials and methods: In this study, three trees from each poplar tree were randomly felled in plantation near Nowshar, Iran. Then three discs were cut from each log. At first, wood was grounded and then wood flour extractive were measured using TAPPI standard procedure. Wood flour was extracted by acetone and extractives residue was added to BSTFA reactor and samples were kept in constant temperature bath at 70oC for an hour. The extractive samples were then analyzed by GC/MS. The compounds were identified using GC diagram which shows abundance and retention time of each compound, and calculation of quartz index and Adams table.
Results: The result of GC-MS showed that there exist 68 and 105 compounds in wood of Populus nigra and Populus detoides, respectively. di-Limonene (30.26%), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (10.07%), Gamma-Sitosterol (1.06%), Hexadecanoic acid (2.0%), gamma-Terpinene (4.02%) and 4-Hydroxy-Benzoic acid (3.62%) were the most important compounds in wood of Populus detoides. There were the Limonene (25.62%), Anymol (5.29%), gamma-Terpinene (3.38%), 1, 2-Benzandicarboxylic acid (2.00%) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (0.68%) as the most important compounds in wood of Populus nigra.
Conclusion: The gas chromatographs showed that Limonene, Benzene methanol, alpha-Terpineol, beta-Bisabolene, Hexadecanoic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 7 common compounds in the wood of Populus nigra and Populus deltoides. These compounds can play an important role in the durability and consumption of these woods.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Vaysi; Iesa Rezazadeh; S. ESHAGH EBADI
Abstract
Background and aim: Today, with the increase in population, increasing demand for paper, as well as greater restrictions on raw materials, the production of pulp from high-yield pulps and mechanical pulps has found a special place. These pulps have a high yield greater than 85%, but due to the presence ...
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Background and aim: Today, with the increase in population, increasing demand for paper, as well as greater restrictions on raw materials, the production of pulp from high-yield pulps and mechanical pulps has found a special place. These pulps have a high yield greater than 85%, but due to the presence of lignin, extracts, and metal ions, their use is limited to short-term usage, as in the long run they suffer from brightness reversion and photo-yellowing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DTPA, nano-cellulose, and nano-chitosan spray on the optical properties of chemical-mechanical pulp (CMP). Materials and methods: For this purpose, first, a quantity of bleached chemical-mechanical pulp (CMP) was selected as a control sample from Mazandaran wood and paper industry. Papers with a base weight of 60 gr/m2 were prepared from the mentioned paper pulp. In this study, the nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) was purchased from Nano Novin Polymer Co. (Sari, Iran), which was prepared from softwood alpha cellulose pulp with an average fiber diameter of 32 nm. The NFC was loaded at 2% by spraying onto papersheets. Nanochitosan (“Seafresh”, Thailand), obtained from exoskeletons of crustaceans, with a deacetylation degree of 93% and a molecular weight of 270 kDa was used. Nanochitosan was loaded at 1 and 2% of the dry pulp weight. Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) was prepared from DIPER-Samchun (South Korea), with a 50% solid content and 25 cps viscosity. To spray the DTPA onto the paper surface, 0.5% DTPA was prepared. To prepare samples for the surface modification, paper sheets with a basis weight of 60 g/m2 were made. Then, 0.5% DTPA, 2% nanochitosan, and 2% nanocellulose were sprayed separately on the papersheets. In addition, another treatment named mixed-solution (containing 0.5 % DTPA + 2% nanochitosan + 2% nanocellulose) was sprayed onto the handsheets. The spraying time and distance were 20 s and 20 cm, respectively, and the treatment process was named “spray-coated”. Then, the optical properties (brightness, opacity, yellowness, and greenness) of the hand-sheets were measured according to ASTM and TAPPI standard methods. Results:The results showed that by DTPA, nano-cellulose, and nano-chitosan spray in the handsheet paper, brightness, yellowness, greenness, L* factor, and the opacity increased and the a* factor decreased. By spraying nano-cellulose on the test samples, most of the optical properties were significantly improved except for the yellowness of the hand-sheet paper. In addition, the most appropriate properties were observed in the paper obtained from DTPA spray and also in the simultaneous spray treatment of DTPA, nano-cellulose, and nano-chitosan on hand-sheet papers. Therefore, it has caused a very sensible increase and improvement in all the optical properties, which can be selected and suggested as the best treatment. The evaluation results of the brightness reversion of the hand-sheet paper from CMP pulp showed that most of the treatments led to a relative reduction of the return of the paper brightness. On the other hand, the lowest and highest brightness return values in the hand-sheet paper were obtained from 0.5% DTPA spray and nano-chitosan spray, respectively. The evaluation results of the SEM images of the test samples compared to the control sample showed that the hand-sheet paper with nano-chitosan and nano-cellulose spray and also in the simultaneous spray treatment of DTPA, nano-cellulose, and nano-chitosan had more favorable surface and structural properties. The existence of less empty spaces (cavity) and more overlap of fibers in the test samples can be a reason for the higher quality of the properties, as well.Conclusion:The results showed that by spraying nanocellulose, nano- chitosan and DTPA on the test samples, the optical properties, brightness, greenness, opacity, a* factor, l* factor , yellowness and brightness durability improved. In addition, among the various treatments, the DTPA treatment in long-term thermal aging and the use of nano-chitosan and nano-cellulose in the short-term aging had noticeable effects on brightness durability and decrease in the color reversion. As a result, there was an increase in the durability of the paper against thermal deterioration.
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi; Majid Kiaei; Sayed Sajad Ashrafi; Amin Jourbandian
Abstract
The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of the phenolic chemical components in wood of Siberian elm, Common elm and Mountain elm tree. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from of elm trees in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from ...
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The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of the phenolic chemical components in wood of Siberian elm, Common elm and Mountain elm tree. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from of elm trees in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from these woods of species (separate) by TAPPI standards. After samples prepared, samples were injected to the GC/MS device for it analysis. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of Quats index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there were 116, 41 and 18 compounds in wood of Siberian elm, Common elm and Mountain elm tree, respectively. That 5-Hydroxy-calamenen (21.23%), 1-Naphthalen carboxylic acid (15.41%), Naphthalene (0.96%) and phthalate (1.00%) were the most important compounds in wood of Siberian elm. The 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-1-Naphthalenol(18.59%), Gamma-Sitosterol (13.44%), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (12.28%) and 1-Naphthalen carboxylic acid (5.73%) were the most important compounds in wood of Common elm, too. There were the bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (93.40%), 4-(N-Isopropylamino)-6-phenyl (1.89%), 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol (1.80%) and 8-methoxy-1-acetonaphthone (0.27%) as the most important compounds in wood of Mountain elm tree. In addition, the results showed that 9,12-Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecane, Dodecan, Tetradecan, 1-Naphthalen carboxylic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 6 common compounds in the wood of Siberian elm and Common elm tree. There were the Qoinindolin, Tetradecan, Hexadecanoic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 4 common compounds in the wood of Siberian elm and Mountain elm tree. There were the Tetradecan, Hexadecanoic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 3 common compounds in the wood of Common elm and Mountain elm tree, too. The gas chromatographs showed that Tetradecan and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the 2 common compounds in three spices of elm trees.
Ramin Vaysi; Seyed Eshagh Ebadi; Sayed Sajad Ashrafi
Abstract
Sycamore tree (Platanus orientalis) is one of the species that planted in parks and urban green spaces and forests region of Tehran and other cities in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the phenolic chemical components in wood and bark of planted sycamore tree. In this study, ...
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Sycamore tree (Platanus orientalis) is one of the species that planted in parks and urban green spaces and forests region of Tehran and other cities in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the phenolic chemical components in wood and bark of planted sycamore tree. In this study, three trees were randomly selected and felled in planted forest region of Tehran. Three disks were prepared from each tree and according to TAPPI standard tests, first wood flour and then the extractive (%) were separated from wood flour using acetone solvent. To identify of extractives, about 1mg extractives was mixed with 30 microliters BSTFA and the samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometry (MS) with a detector. Samples were then injected into the injection section of GC/MS using a Hamilton syringe. The compounds identification was performed using GC diagrams, abundance and retention time of each compound, calculation of quartz index and Adams table. The results showed that the average of extractives in wood and bark of the planted oriental plane tree were 3.6 and 16.6 percent, respectively. GC-MS results showed that 17 specification compounds were found in the plane wood. Furthermore, Hexadecanoic acid (22.18%), Heptadecan-8-carbonic acid (15.24%), and 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (12.08%) were the most important compounds. The 41 compounds were identified in the plane bark that 9-Octadecanoic acid (19.88%), n-Hexandecanoic acid (16.41%), 9, 12-Octadecanoic acid (9.66%) and Gamma-Sitosterol (2.09%) were the most important compounds. In addition, the results showed that 9-Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecane, Dodecan, Tetradecan, Eicosan, Octadecane, and Decane were the 6 common compounds in the wood and bark of sycamore tree, as well
Ramin Vaysi; Mohamad Hossien Habib Porian
Abstract
The aim of this study was the identification and comparison of organic chemical compounds in wood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from heartwood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were prepared ...
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The aim of this study was the identification and comparison of organic chemical compounds in wood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from heartwood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were prepared from heartwood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees separately by TAPPI test methods. Then extractives were separated from wood flours by acetone and extractives residue was transferred to glass vial and BSTFA reactive agent was added. Then samples were injected to the GC/MS device for analysis. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of Quats index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there were 19 and 25 compounds in wood and bark of hornbeam tree, that Octa-methyl-Cyclotetrasiloxan and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the important and common components in wood and bark of hornbeam. There were 66 and 18 components identified in wood and bark of ironwood tree that decanese, tetradecanese, hexadecanese, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were important and common components in bark of ironwood. These compounds can be very important in durability and consumption of wood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees. Comparison of chromatograms showed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exists as a common components in heartwood and bark of hornbeam and ironwood trees.
Eysa Rezazadeh; Ramin Vaysi; Mogtaba Soltani; Abdollah Najafi; S. ESHAGH EBADI
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of polyalumium chloride and nano-chitosan on optical and mechanical properties of chemi-mechanical pulp. For this purpose, some of the bleached CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) were randomly selected as a control sample. In addition, ...
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of polyalumium chloride and nano-chitosan on optical and mechanical properties of chemi-mechanical pulp. For this purpose, some of the bleached CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) were randomly selected as a control sample. In addition, the polyalumium chloride were used as a white powder at 4 levels of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%. The nano-chitosan was then added to the CMP pulps suspensions at 3 levels of 0, 1, and 2%, as well. Hand-sheets with a basis weight of 60 gr/m2 were prepared from the mentioned pulps. The optical and mechanical properties were then measured and compared using TAPPI standard test methods. The results showed that by adding polyalumium chloride and nano- chitosan(separate) to the CMP pulps, brightness, opacity, greenness,tear, tensile, burst strengths, air resistance increased , but Cobb 60 and a* factor decreased. On the other hand, with the addition of nano-chitosan and polyalumium chloride to CMP pulp, the brightness and greenness increased, but tensile, burst, tear strengths, air resistance, Cobb 60 and opacity low decreased and then suitable increased. Moreover, the findings showed that by simultaneous adding 1% polyalumium chloride and 2% nano-chitosan(separate) and 2% nano-chitosan with 1.5% polyalumium chloride to the CMP pulp, most of the paper properties were improved. Therefore, it can also be introduced as the best treatment.
Ramin Vaysi; Kiyoumars Vaghari
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on cationic starch and nano-clay(bentonite) on physical and mechanical properties of old recycled pulp. For this purpose, first some of old recycled pulp were randomly selected from Kaveh Industries in Saveh city as control. Then, nano-clay used in 0, 0.3 and 0.6 ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on cationic starch and nano-clay(bentonite) on physical and mechanical properties of old recycled pulp. For this purpose, first some of old recycled pulp were randomly selected from Kaveh Industries in Saveh city as control. Then, nano-clay used in 0, 0.3 and 0.6 % levels. The cationic starch were added in 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 % levels and imported long fibers with 0 and 15 % levels to old recycled pulp suspensions. The hand sheets were prepared from above-mentioned of pulps with 140 gr/m2 basis weight and then the phesical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according to TAPPI standard test methods. The results showed that tear, tensile, burst strengths and ring crust test and corrugated medium test were increased and cobb 60 and thickness were decreased. The results showed that all physical and mechanical properties improved with 5% addition 15% imported long fiber. The results showed that using 2 cationic starch with 0.6 % nano-clay and 15% imported long fiber improved the most paper properties, too.
Ramin Vaysi; Behrooz Malekian; Masih Masoudifar
Abstract
The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in heart wood and bark of mulberry tree. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from heart wood and bark of mulberry tree in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from heart ...
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The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in heart wood and bark of mulberry tree. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from heart wood and bark of mulberry tree in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from heart wood and bark of mulberry tree by TAPPI standards. For measured metallic ions, first the mineral compound of ash dissolved by 65% nitric acid and for its identified by atomic absorption method. The results showed that zinc ion in heart wood of mulberry tree was more than its bark, but manganese and iron ions were lower and its cupper ion was same. Then extractives were separated from wood flour by acetone and extractives residue transferred to glass vial and was added BSTFA reactive agent to it. After samples prepared, samples were injected to the GC/MS device for it analysis. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of Quats index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there are 30 compounds in bark of mulberry tree, that beta-Tocopherol(40.86%), bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(11.2%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(9.12%) and Triphenyl phosphine(9.82 were important components. 93 components identified heart wood of mulberry tree that resorcinol(79.47), methyl diphenyl methane(12.06%), p-xylene(0.06%) and gibberllin A3 (0.15%)di-limonene, as important components. These compounds can very important in durability and consumption its. Comparison of chromatograms showed that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid was exists as a common components in heart wood and bark of mulberry tree.
Ramin Vaysi; Yousef Yousefi-golordi
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of cellulose nano-fibers and chitosan on optical and mechanical properties of chemi-mechanical pulp. For this purpose, some of the bleached CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) were randomly selected as a control sample. In addition, ...
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of cellulose nano-fibers and chitosan on optical and mechanical properties of chemi-mechanical pulp. For this purpose, some of the bleached CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) were randomly selected as a control sample. In addition, the cellulose nanofibers were used as a white gel at 3 levels of 0, 2, and 3%. The chitosan was then added to the CMP pulps suspensions at 5 levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%, as well. Hand-sheets with a basis weight of 60 gr/m2 were prepared from the mentioned pulps. The optical and mechanical properties were then measured and compared using TAPPI standard test methods. The results showed that by adding chitosan, tear, tensile, burst and breaking length strengths, air resistance, yellowness, and greenness increased and brightness, Cobb 60 and a* factor decreased. On the other hand, with the addition of chitosan and nano-cellulose to CMP pulp, the tensile, burst, breaking length strengths, air resistance, Cobb 60, yellowness and a* factor increased and the tear, brightness, and opacity decreased. Moreover, the findings showed that by simultaneous adding 2% chitosan, 2% chitosan, and 3% cellulose nanofibers to the CMP pulp, most of the paper properties were improved. Therefore, it can also be introduced as the best treatment.
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood of maple tree. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from persuan maple and Caucasian maple tree in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from heartwood, sapwood of ...
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The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood of maple tree. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from persuan maple and Caucasian maple tree in Nowshahr's forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from heartwood, sapwood of maple tree by TAPPI standards. For measured metallic ions, by atomic absorption method. The ions results showed that mn, co, fe, zn, and cu ions in Caucasian maple were more than persuan maple, but k ion was lower. Then extractives were separated from wood flour by acetone and extractives residue transferred to glass vial and was added BSTFA reactive agent to it. After samples prepared, samples were injected to the GC/MS device for it analysis. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of Quats index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there are 39 compounds in persuan maple, that benzaldehyde, bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, gibberllin A3 and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid were important components. 24 components identified in Acer leatum that di-limonene, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,alpha- terpen and alpha-pinene as important components. Comparison of chromatograms showed that di-limonene and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were exists as 2 common components in persuan maple and Caucasian maple tree. These compounds can very important in durability and consumption its.
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi; Farzad Yousefi
Abstract
The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood of Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa in Nowshahr's forest region. So that, first, flour and extractives ...
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The aim of this study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood of Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa in Nowshahr's forest region. So that, first, flour and extractives by acetone were provided by TAPPI standards methods. Then, extractives residue transferred to glass vial and was added BSTFA reactive agent to it. After prepared, samples were injected to the GC/MS device for it analysis. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of Quats index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there are 99 compounds in alnus subcordata, so that, dibutyl phthalate (9.15%), 2,2-oxybis-ethanol(6.62%), 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid(2.63%) and squalene(0.48%) were important compounds. In alnus glutinosa, from 127 indentified compounds, butanedioic, monomethyl ester(10.88%), isopropenoxypropan-2-ol(8.82%),3,5-dioxaundecane(7.73%),gamma-sitosterol (3.53%) and vanillin(0.39%) were important compounds. Comparison of chromatograms mention samples showed that there are 12 common components in Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa, that tetradecane, hexadecane,heptadecane, isopropenoxypropan-2-ol and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were important components. Some of these compounds can very important in durability and consumption Alnus subcordata and Alnus subglotinosa.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Vaysi; Ali reza Bagheri
Abstract
The objective of this research was accomplished on the effects of total chlorine free (TCF) and elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulps. For this purpose, some unbleached bagasse soda pulps were randomly selected from Ahvaz Pars industry. Then ...
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The objective of this research was accomplished on the effects of total chlorine free (TCF) and elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulps. For this purpose, some unbleached bagasse soda pulps were randomly selected from Ahvaz Pars industry. Then these pulps were bleached with one, two and three P, OP, OPY, O(Ep)P, EHP and O(Ep)H bleaching stages by using oxygen(O) hydrogen peroxide(P), alkali extraction with hydrogen peroxide(Ep), sodium hypochlorite(H) and sodium dithionite(Y). The hand sheets with 70 gr/m2 were prepared from above-mentioned of pulps, and then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI standard test methods. The results showed that brightness, greenness, tear (except EHP stages), tensile, burst, breaking length strengths and folds were increased and opacity and a* factor were decreased by ECF and TCF bleaching stages. The effects of TCF bleaching stages were more sensible than ECF bleaching stages in improve of bagasse soda properties, too. In general, role of three OPY and O(Ep)H stages and two OP bleaching stages were better than EH(control) stage and unbleached bagasse soda pulps mill in improve of brightness and its paper strengths, too.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Vaysi; Mohammad reza Salimifar
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of TCF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of CMP pulp. For this purpose, some unbleached CMP pulps were randomly selected from Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI). Then these pulps were bleached with two and three OP, OPY, PY and ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of TCF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of CMP pulp. For this purpose, some unbleached CMP pulps were randomly selected from Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI). Then these pulps were bleached with two and three OP, OPY, PY and O(Eo)P bleaching stages by using oxygen(O), alkali extraction with hydrogen peroxide(Eo), sodium dithionite(Y) . The hand sheets with 70 gr/m2 were prepared from above-mentioned of pulps, and then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI Standard test methods. The results showed that brightness, greenness, folds breaking length, tensile and tear strength were increased and opacity and a* factor were decreased. In general, role of three O(Eo)P stages and two OP and PY bleaching stages were better than P stage and unbleached CMP pulp mill in improve of brightness and its paper strength, too.
Chemistry of wood
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
The aim of study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood and bark of oak. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from oak in Nowshahr forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from heart wood, sap wood and bark of oak by TAPPI standards. For ...
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The aim of study was accomplished on identification and comparison of chemical compounds in wood and bark of oak. For this purpose, the samples were chosen randomly from oak in Nowshahr forest region. Then, flour and ash were provided from heart wood, sap wood and bark of oak by TAPPI standards. For measured metallic ions, first the mineral compound of ash dissolved by 65% nitric acid and for it's identified by atomic adsorption method. The results showed that Fe, Zn and Cu ions in wood of oak were more than its bark and its Mn ion was lower. Then extractives were separated from wood flour by acetone and extractives residue transferred to glassy vial and was added BSTFA reactor to it. After samples prepared, its were injected by GC/MS for analyze. Identification of compounds was done by retention time of each compound, calculation of quartz index and Adams table. The result of GC-MS showed that there are 10, 42 and10 compounds in heart wood, sap wood and bark of oak, respectively. Comparison of chromatograms showed that Decan, Dodecan, Tetradecane and Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were exists as 4 common components in bark, sap wood and heart wood of oak and Silicic acid and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid were exists as 2 common components in bark and sap wood of oak. These compounds can very important in durability and consumption its.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Vaysi; Mohammad Nikkar; Hamidreza Salarian
Abstract
In this study, the possibility of using ash and orange bleached CMP pulp as replace in the full or part of CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) for making newsprint was investigated. For this purpose, first, ash and orange CMP pulps were prepared by using cooking conditions of MWPI ...
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In this study, the possibility of using ash and orange bleached CMP pulp as replace in the full or part of CMP pulp of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (MWPI) for making newsprint was investigated. For this purpose, first, ash and orange CMP pulps were prepared by using cooking conditions of MWPI with 101 gr/lit Na2O at the yield 85% in 75 minutes. Then some of the CMP pulps bleached with hydrogen peroxide, then its mixed samples with 15, 30, 45 and 60 percent to CMP pulp mill (control sample). From the mixed pulps provided hand sheets with 60 gr/m2 and these optical and mechanical properties measured and the data average were analyzed and compared. The results showed that newsprint from ash CMP pulp were more suitable than CMP pulp mill in all measured properties (except brightness) and orange CMP pulp (except opacity). Following bleaching with hydrogen peroxide, the brightness, tear, burst, tensile and breaking length strengths increased and opacity decreased. The results showed that ash and orange unbleached CMP pulps are not good properties for newsprint production and these pulps have to bleach with hydrogen peroxide. In generally, the best mixed pulps were includes 45-60 percent ash and orange bleached CMP pulps with 40-55 percent MWPI CMP pulp for newsprint production.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Veisi; Rabi Behroz; Iman Khajeh Ali
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of ECF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulp. For this purpose, some soda unbleached pulps were randomly selected from Pars mill. Then these pulps were bleached with OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages by oxygen, chlorine dioxide ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of ECF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulp. For this purpose, some soda unbleached pulps were randomly selected from Pars mill. Then these pulps were bleached with OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages by oxygen, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The hand sheets with 60 gr/m2 were prepared from soda unbleached and bleached from EH(control), OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages pulps, then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI Standard test methods. The results showed that residual lignin and kappa number decreased following above-mentioned of bleaching stages. The brightness, greenness and K/S ratio were increased in bagasse soda pulps by bleaching. In different treatments, the brightness, opacity, absorbance coefficient, burst, breaking length, tensile, tear strength sensible increased in OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D as compared with EH (control) mill bleaching stages. In general, first OD(Ep)P stage, then OD(Ep)D were better than EH (control) mill stage in more of were measured properties.
Ramin Veysi
Abstract
In this research, chips of kiwi residues from western Mazandaran (Tonkabon region) were randomly chosen and its kraft pulp was prepared with yield of 53% for 105 minutes. The kraft liner handsheets were prepared from both kiwi and Chooka Mill kraft pulps (control sample), first in a separate and second, ...
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In this research, chips of kiwi residues from western Mazandaran (Tonkabon region) were randomly chosen and its kraft pulp was prepared with yield of 53% for 105 minutes. The kraft liner handsheets were prepared from both kiwi and Chooka Mill kraft pulps (control sample), first in a separate and second, in mixed way. Then, their optical and mechanical properties were compared according to TAPPI standard test methods. Results showed that the highest tear strength and cobb 60 and the lowest breaking length, burst and CMT values were in the handsheets obtained from pure kiwi kraft pulp. The handsheets’ properties increased in the samples prepared from mixed pulps. In general, the highest values of breaking length, burst strength, tear strength, cobb 60, brightness and RCT were observed in the handsheets prepared from mixed 10-30% kiwi kraft pulp and mill kraft pulp. The results also pointed out that the above mentioned strengths could be improved by adding 10-30% of kiwi kraft pulp to 30-70% mill kraft pulp replaces part of mill kraft pulp, but it is not possible for pure kiwi kraft pulp.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Veisi
Abstract
This research and aim was using Bamboo and Reed CMP pulp for newsprint production. For this purpose, some chips of bamboo stem in the west of Mazandaran were randomly chosen. Then CMP Pulps were prepared at the yield 85%in 120 minutes(Bamboo) and 31 minutes(Reed), by using cooking conditions of Wood ...
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This research and aim was using Bamboo and Reed CMP pulp for newsprint production. For this purpose, some chips of bamboo stem in the west of Mazandaran were randomly chosen. Then CMP Pulps were prepared at the yield 85%in 120 minutes(Bamboo) and 31 minutes(Reed), by using cooking conditions of Wood and Paper Industries of Mazandaran 60 gr/m2 newsprint handsheets were prepared from the Bamboo and Reed CMP and Mill(MWPI) CMP pulps, first in a separate and then mixed way with 25,50,75 percents. Then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI Standard test methods. The results showed that the most strength of the burst, breaking length, tensile, tear strength, yellowness and opacity were in the handsheets obtained from 100% the bamboo CMP pulp and the lowest strength (except brightness) was in Reed CMP pulp. The results also pointed out that the above-mentioned all strengths (except brightness) can be improved by using 25-100% of the bamboo CMP pulp, too. The results also indicated that 25-100% of the bamboo CMP pulp and 25% of the Reed CMP pulp can use for newsprint production.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Veisi; Iman Khajeh ali
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on extraction, identification and removal of metallic ions and resins in bleached Bagass pulp by ECF stages. For this purpose, the samples were randomly selected from soda unbleached pulp of Pars mill. The first, pulp flour provided and measured ash and extractive ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on extraction, identification and removal of metallic ions and resins in bleached Bagass pulp by ECF stages. For this purpose, the samples were randomly selected from soda unbleached pulp of Pars mill. The first, pulp flour provided and measured ash and extractive percent by the TAPPI standards. Then the mineral compounds dissolved in 65% nitric acid and the mineral compounds of pulps identificated by Atomic adsorption method. The results of this study showed that the most of Pb, Cu, Zn ions were in H2O2 bleached pulp, the most of Ni ion in OD(Ep)P stage and the most of Fe ion in unbleached soda pulp. The results showed that OD(Ep)D stage decrease Fe ion and EH stage decrease Ni, Cu and Zn ions in pulps. The results of GC-MS diagram showed that 35 compounds were identified in unbleached soda pulp after cooking, that 1,2-Benzendicarboxylic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecan, Octadecan, p-Xylene, 4-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Pantanone,Ethylbenzen and Dodecan were important chemical components in samples. In generally, 17,12 and 14 compounds were identified in EH, OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D bleaching stages, respectively, so that, 1,2-Benzendicarboxylic acid and p-Xylene were 2 common and important chemical components in all samples and Octadecan and 9-Dodecanoic acid remove as two components from pulps after bleaching, too. The results showed that EH, OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D bleaching stages were very important in bleaching, removal of chemical components and brightness stability of soda pulps.
Chemistry of wood
milad tajik; ramin vaysi; majid kiaei
Abstract
This research was carried out to identification and comparison of organically chemical component in the wood / bark extractives Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Three healthy trees were cut down from Nowshahr forest and samples were converted into the wood flour. The extractives was prepared with acetone solvent ...
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This research was carried out to identification and comparison of organically chemical component in the wood / bark extractives Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Three healthy trees were cut down from Nowshahr forest and samples were converted into the wood flour. The extractives was prepared with acetone solvent according to TAPPI standard, then transfer to the ballon and then the BSTFA catalyst was added and transfer to the GC / MS injections. Identification of components was done according to the retention time curve, calculation of Kovats correlation and Adams table. Out of 13 components in the bark of Eucalyptus and 18 components in that wood, 2 constituents such as Bis (2 - ethyl hexyl) phthalate and hexadecanoic acid was detected as the same. The most important of chemical component in the bark is (2 _ ethyl hexyl) phthalate (98.72 %). 2 - Pentanone (57.41 %) was important component in the eucalyptus wood .
Ramin Vaysi
Abstract
Sweet locust and False Acacia are important species of northern forests region with wood having good durability. In this study, three disks from each species were randomly cut in Nowshahr forest region. For homogenous sampling, first wood flour was prepared from each disk according to TAPPI ...
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Sweet locust and False Acacia are important species of northern forests region with wood having good durability. In this study, three disks from each species were randomly cut in Nowshahr forest region. For homogenous sampling, first wood flour was prepared from each disk according to TAPPI standards and then mixed together. Acetone was used to remove extractives from both Sweet locust and False acacia wood flour. Extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. For the identification of compounds, GC diagram which shows abundance and retention time of each compound and calculation of quartz index and Adams table were used. The results showed that there are almost 150 compounds in False Acacia wood, and among them Resorcinol(19.47%),1,3-Benzendiol(6.92%) ,Stigma sterol (5.45%), 9-Octadecenoic acid(3.55%),1H-Imidazol(3.08%),Gamma-sitosterol (2.77%) and Gamma-Terpinene(0.22%) were the predominant compounds. There are 37 compounds in Sweet locust wood, that 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (90.38%),Stigmast-4-en-3-one(2.62%),Resorcinol(1.07%),Silicon grease (0.73%), Gibberellins A3(0.14%) and Phenol(0.09%) were important compounds. Resorcinol and 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid occurs both in Sweet locust and False acacia woods. The presence of high percentage of Resorcinol (20%) in Sweet locust and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (90.38%) in False acacia are attributed for the durability of these species.
