mohammad ghofrani; Anooshe Fazeli
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of two nominal density levels of 800 kg/m3 and 1100 kg/m3 and two levels of industrial wood to cement ratios of 25:75 and 35:65 on mechanical and physical properties of wood cement composites. Boards were produced and then observed density of boards ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of two nominal density levels of 800 kg/m3 and 1100 kg/m3 and two levels of industrial wood to cement ratios of 25:75 and 35:65 on mechanical and physical properties of wood cement composites. Boards were produced and then observed density of boards were calculated. The experimental boards were subjected to modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture tests in accordance with EN 310. Internal bonding was evaluated according to EN 319. Water absorption and thickness swelling were evaluated after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water according to EN 317. Fire resistance was evaluated according to ISO 11925. Results indicated that bending properties of the boards, including modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and internal bonding all increased with increase in density. That was attributed to the high compression and improved connection between fiber and cement matrix. Modulus of elasticity increased significantly as cement content was raised. Modulus of rupture values were inversely related to cement content. Increasing wood to cement ratio led to low internal bonding because the low amount of cement can be insufficient to cover the wood particles for effective bonding to resist the tensile forces applied during internal bonding test. As the board density increased, dimensional stability increased. Variations in the wood to cement ratio have been reported to significantly affect the dimensional stability of specimens. Water absorption and thickness swelling increased with the increase in wood to cement ratio. Fire resistance of specimens improved when the board density and cement content increased. All of the mechanical properties of boards produced in this study satisfied the EN 634-2 requirements.
Ai Hasanpoor tichi; Fardad Golbabaei; Habibollah Khademi Eslam
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nano-wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and gypsum was investigated. The mixing ratio of sugarcane to gypsum pulp at three levels (80:20, 70: 30 and 40: 60%) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of zero, 3 and ...
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In this study, the effect of nano-wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and gypsum was investigated. The mixing ratio of sugarcane to gypsum pulp at three levels (80:20, 70: 30 and 40: 60%) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of zero, 3 and 7% were considered as the variables of this study. The thickness of the test boards was 16 mm cake density of all boards was considered to be 1.10 gr/cm3. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the specimens including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion and density of boards according to DIN-EN-634 and fire resistance (weight loss percentage) according to ISO 11925 Were measured. In this study, a thermocouple and a flask were used to measure the hydration heat. Microscopic images (SEM) were obtained from the fracture surface of the specimens to investigate the common boundary between bagasse-gypsum and nano-dispersion. The results showed that with increasing bagasse mixing, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding decreased and water absorption and weight loss percentage of boards exposed to fire increased. Application of nano-wollastonite up to 7% improved all mechanical and physical properties of composites. Also, microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that the optimum level of nano-wollastonite can fill vacant voids due to gypsum hydration and create a uniform structure.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Haji hassani
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was concentrated on the possibilty of untilizing corn cops residues in the production of particleboard. Two press temperatures of 170 and 180 oC, and four ratios of corn cop/poplar wood particles (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75) in the corn layer of the boards and 100% poplar ...
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The aim of this investigation was concentrated on the possibilty of untilizing corn cops residues in the production of particleboard. Two press temperatures of 170 and 180 oC, and four ratios of corn cop/poplar wood particles (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75) in the corn layer of the boards and 100% poplar wood particles in the surface layer were used. A combination of 16 treatments were reached and three laboratory boards for each treatment were made. Physical and mechanical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The grouping of the averages were based on duncan multiple range test. The results indicated that the influence of the press temperature on both modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity was statistically significante and boards produced applying 170 oC reached higher values. As the ratio of the corn cop particles in the particle mixture in core layer increased, both modulus of rupture and internal bonding deteriorated and the highest value were measured at 50/50 ratio of the particle in the core layer. The Boards which produced applying higher press temperature exhibited hgiher rate of thickness swelling . Lower ratios of the corn cop particle in the mixture of particles in the core layer improved the properties of the boards. So that the ratio of 50/50/ and 25/75 produced lower thickness swelling. The results of this research revealed that eventhough boards produced using corn cop particles did not produce comparable properties to the boards based on poplar particles, but it can be concluded that if 50/50 ratio of particles, press temperature of 170 oC is used for board making, the mechanical properties of the produced boards will meet the requirement of DIN specifications.
Composite wood products
ali hasanpoor tichi; Fardad Golbabaei; hadi Ghasemi; mojtaba rezanezhad
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nano gel wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been investigated. The mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic material with Portland cement at three levels (15:85, 25: 75 and 35: 65%) and nano-wollastonite ...
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In this study, the effect of nano gel wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been investigated. The mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic material with Portland cement at three levels (15:85, 25: 75 and 35: 65%) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of 0, 3 and 7% were considered as the variables of this study. The cake density of all boards were 1.1 g / cm3 and calcium chloride booster 5% for all treatments were considered as constant factors. Mechanical and physical properties of the specimens include modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 soaking hours in water and density of boards according to DIN-EN-634 and fire resistance (weight loss percentage) according to standard ISO-11925 were measured. In this study, the hydration temperature of a mixture of cement, bagasse and nano-wollastonite was measured using a thermocouple and flux. Also, microscopic images (SEM) of samples were prepared to investigate the morphological properties of composites and their distribution. The results showed that by increasing the amount of nano-wollastonite, the percentage of weight loss boards decreased, the heat of hydration and the physical and mechanical properties improved. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding of boards decreased with increasing bagasse content and the maximum value was obtained using 15% bagasse. The results also showed that with increasing bagasse content in boards, there was a significant increase in thickness swelling of boards. Inference from microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that the optimum level of nano-wollastonite can fill the empty holes and create a uniform structure and thus improve the properties of the boards.
Composite wood products
Laya jamali rad; saeed Narooei
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using tobacco stalk and industrial wood particles in particleboard industry as a waste material that is not consumed and discarded and has a low price, followed by a reduction in production costs from the way of choosing this raw material ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using tobacco stalk and industrial wood particles in particleboard industry as a waste material that is not consumed and discarded and has a low price, followed by a reduction in production costs from the way of choosing this raw material was of low value. For this purpose, the particles of tobacco stalk and industrial wood particles with different ratios of 0:100, 30:70 and 60:40, using the amount of adhesive used 12% and 14% (based on the dry weight of the wood chips) and the press time of 5 minutes for the construction of the board was considered. Physical and mechanical properties including thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water and bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) were measured and all data were statistically analyzed. According to the results of this study, the increase in tobacco stalk particles resulted in increased thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water and reduced bending strength, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding, but all boards had a European standard (EN). Increasing the amount of resin also had a significant effect on all the properties of the boards and improved the properties. In a general conclusion and by comparing the properties of the boards produced with the European standard (EN), showed that using 60% tobacco stalk and 12% urea formaldehyde resin can be produced particleboard with the desired properties. This is a positive result of using tobacco stalk as a type of agricultural residue and, consequently, the prevention of environmental pollution caused by the burning of these compounds.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine ...
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Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resin, and two press temperatures of 175 and 185 ° C. OSB boards using poplar wood strands, 100 millimeters long were also produced as control samples. The results of strength measurements of the boards were statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and completely randomized block design. The grouping of the averages was based on Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the effect of the resin type on the flexural properties and internal bonding of the boards is statistically significant and boards produced using phenol formaldehyde resin exhibited the lowest modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding strength. However, the adhesive type did not statistically influence the physical properties. The strand length also statistically influenced the board strength properties and boards made using poplar strands showed higher strength compared to corn stalks strands. The thickness swelling of the poplar OSB was almost twice the values of corn stalks OSB but the water absorption of these boards was lower than of corn stalks OSB. Press temperature adversely affected the modulus of rupture and elasticity, but higher press temperature improved the internal bonding strength. Higher press temperature increased the physical properties of the boards.
Composite wood products
vahid moazami; Fatemeh Afsooni
Abstract
With growth and development of the modern societies and achieve towards industrialization of the countries, Use of the water, one of the major concerns is considered. Optimal usage of water resources, has special position and considerable, that its result is importance of the reuse of rain's water as ...
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With growth and development of the modern societies and achieve towards industrialization of the countries, Use of the water, one of the major concerns is considered. Optimal usage of water resources, has special position and considerable, that its result is importance of the reuse of rain's water as a reliable source for supply the consumption water. The purpose of this research was, use of rain's water, in composition with urea formaldehyde adhesive, In order to adjust the final concentration of the adhesive. To prevent damage against rain water equipment, the Lagan system was transferred through the canals constructed at Arian sina factory. Then it was treated with the package at the factory. The results of the FT_IR spectrum, obtained from composition adhesive samples with rain's water and ordinary water, showed that the rain's water increased the number of hydrogen bonds in the adhesive. But based on the t test, the difference between Mechanical strength and physical properties of use of rain's water than to the ordinary water was not significant. Qua that the glue combined with rain's water does not have any negative effect on adhesive properties. Therefore, after research, Arian Sina has been saving water consumption by using 14000 liters of water per day, due to the country's limited resources and lack of resources.
Composite wood products
Masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use of Hemp stalks in particleboard production. Mixtures of Hemp stalk and Eucalyptus wood at the ratios of 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 were used. Also two resin content of 8 and 10% (based on oven dry particle) and 2 press times of 3 and 4 minutes were employed for the production ...
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The purpose of this study was to use of Hemp stalks in particleboard production. Mixtures of Hemp stalk and Eucalyptus wood at the ratios of 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 were used. Also two resin content of 8 and 10% (based on oven dry particle) and 2 press times of 3 and 4 minutes were employed for the production of laboratory particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties including thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water, modulus of rapture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding were measured data were statistically analyzed. It was observed that the increase in Hemp stalk particles in the mixture resulted in increasing of bending properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity) and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours water soaking. Also the results showed that increase in Hemp stalk particles in the mixture resulted in reduction of internal bonding. As expected, physical and mechanical properties of particleboard improved with increasing resin content. Modulus of elasticity and thickness swelling after 24 hours water soaking were improved with increasing of press time. In general, comparing the produced board mechanical properties with standard of Iran requirements, the board produced using 100% and 50% Hemp stalk, 8% resin content and 3 minutes press time showed that optimal properties. Although the physical properties of the boards did not meet the standard values, the reason for this could not be due to the lack of use of paraffin.
Composite wood products
Laya Jamalirad; Fereshteh Kor; Farshid Faraji; Sahab Hedjazi
Abstract
In this research, the manufacture of particleboard using lignocellulosic residues including wheat straw and tobacco stalks mixed with industrial wood chips were studied. The variable factors included the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalks with industrial wood chips in four levels 0/100, 20/80, ...
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In this research, the manufacture of particleboard using lignocellulosic residues including wheat straw and tobacco stalks mixed with industrial wood chips were studied. The variable factors included the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalks with industrial wood chips in four levels 0/100, 20/80, 40/60 and 60/40 (In any combination, according to the desired levels, tobacco stalks and wheat straw were used equally) and the amount of urea formaldehyde resin was at two levels 12 and 14% of the dry weight of the wood chips. The results showed that by increasing the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalk up to 60 percent, the physical and mechanical properties of the boards decreased significantly. But increasing the amount of adhesive consumption up to 14 percent had a positive impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards and improved internal bonding, bending strength and modulus of elasticity and dimensional stability of the boards. It means that by increasing the use of this type of wastes up to 40 percent with an increase in the amount of UF adhesive up to 14% can be produced the boards with the mechanical properties at standard level.
Mechanical conversion of wood and wooden fittings
Mostafa Poozesh; Hamid Reza Mansouri; babak Nosrati; Alireza Samzadeh
Abstract
This objective of this investigation was to modify and improve the water resistance of urea formaldehyde (UF) bonded particleboard adding Boric acid to the resin. Four levels (1, 2, 3 and 4) of boric acid based on the dry weight of the bonder were added to the UF resin. Then these mixtures were ...
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This objective of this investigation was to modify and improve the water resistance of urea formaldehyde (UF) bonded particleboard adding Boric acid to the resin. Four levels (1, 2, 3 and 4) of boric acid based on the dry weight of the bonder were added to the UF resin. Then these mixtures were used to produce particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties were examined according to the ASTM, D1013-04. The results showed that the using of this additive increased the water absorption and thickness swelling resistance after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water. Also using this additive increased the internal bonding of the boards after 24 hours after immersion in water, compared to the control sample but in the case of dry samples, the internal bonding decreased compared to the control sample. However it was not lower than standard value. As the Boric acid levels increased to 2 percent, bending strength of the samples was increased compare to the control sample and after this level it was decreased. Also with increasing the levels to 4 percent, modulus of elasticity of boards were increased compare to the control sample
ُSima Sepahvand; Saeid Ziaee Khosro Shahi; Tagi Tabarsa
Abstract
This study provides an investigation of particleboard manufacture using tannin-ureaformaldehyde adhesive. Test board samples were made with regard to various replacementpercentage of tannin–urea (levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30%) and press time (12 and 15 min) andtheir properties were determined. Achieved ...
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This study provides an investigation of particleboard manufacture using tannin-ureaformaldehyde adhesive. Test board samples were made with regard to various replacementpercentage of tannin–urea (levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30%) and press time (12 and 15 min) andtheir properties were determined. Achieved data were analyzed according to two sides factorialplan. The results showed that with replacement of 10% urea formaldehyde adhesive by tanninformaldehydeat both 12 and 15 min pressing times, thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 hoursimmersion in water) was decreased while internal bonding increased. There were no significanteffect on MOR and MOE values. In general, the results of present research showed thatreplacing the UF resin at lower levels of tannin is suitable as adhesive to manufactureparticleboard so that with replacement ratio of 90:10, the moisture properties of boards werevery close to permissible those of the exterior wood uses.
Jafar Ebrahimpour Kasmani; Amir mohssen Nazeri; Ahmad Samariha
Abstract
Abstract: Fiber external fibrillation is one of the refining effects in conventional refining which is accompanied with a variety with other effects such as internal fibrillation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fiber external fibrillation on paper properties. Softwood ...
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Abstract: Fiber external fibrillation is one of the refining effects in conventional refining which is accompanied with a variety with other effects such as internal fibrillation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fiber external fibrillation on paper properties. Softwood kraft pulp and poplar wood CMP pulp produced at Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries was used. An ultra-fine friction grinder was used to generate the external fibrillation. The results showed that, increasing the fiber external fibrillation increased the density of paper sheets and lower refiner gaps decreased the light scattering coefficient. Increased fiber external fibrillation improved the tensile strength of the paper sheets by about 20% and internal bonding was increased from 33% to 46% compared with unrefined fibers.
Amir Eshraghi; Habib alah Khademeslami; Amir Nourbakhsh; Behzad Bazyar; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, ...
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In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, 3- %75 OCC +%25 aspen. Indeed in this study these two mentioned factors are variable and other factors such as press temperature: 165 ºC, press time: 5 minute, mat moisture %12, board density 0.75 g/cm3 and press pressure 30 kg/cm2 were constant. After the boards were manufactured according to DIN-68763 standard, were undergone different tests such as: bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding strength and thickness swelling after 2 & 24 hours immersion in water. The results indicate that second ratio(%50 OCC and %50 aspen chips) is proper for bending applications and the first ratio(%25 OCC and %75 aspen chips) is proper for tensile and thickness swelling applications. Therefore, applying the OCC more than %50 in manufacturing combination; result in decreasing the physical and mechanical properties. Moreover the results show that when the resin content increases, the board features improve.
