Ali Hasanpoor tichi; Hadi Gholamiyan
Abstract
In this study , Effect of nano cellulose Fiber gel bacteria as reinforcer on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been studied. Nano variable factors in three levels (0, 1 and 3 % by weight of cement), the mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic ...
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In this study , Effect of nano cellulose Fiber gel bacteria as reinforcer on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been studied. Nano variable factors in three levels (0, 1 and 3 % by weight of cement), the mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic material with Portland cement, in three levels (90:10, 80:20, 70:30%) was equal to the dry weight of cement. The target density 1.1 g/cm3 and 5% calcium chloride for all treatments were considered as Fixed factors. The mechanical and physical properties of composites includes modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, thickness swelling after 2 h and 24 h immersion in water and density of boards were measured according to the standard DIN-EN-634. In this study, to investigate the morphological properties of composites and how to distribute Nano, microscopic images (SEM) were taken from the broken cross-section of the samples. The results showed that boards made with nano fiber cellulose had more modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding. The results also showed that with increasing nano, density, dimensional stability of the boards and heat hydration of cement mortar increased. The results from microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that cellulose nanofiber can fill the pores of the composite and create a uniform structure, thus improved the strength of the boards.
Saman Ghahri; Reza Hajihassani; Kamyar Salehi; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of kenaf cement composite were investigated using different amounts of kenaf particles (mixture of kenaf core and bark and kenaf core particles). Kenaf-cement composites were manufactured at different levels (10, 15 and 20%) of different kenaf particles. Also, ...
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In this study, the mechanical properties of kenaf cement composite were investigated using different amounts of kenaf particles (mixture of kenaf core and bark and kenaf core particles). Kenaf-cement composites were manufactured at different levels (10, 15 and 20%) of different kenaf particles. Also, Portland cement and calcium chloride (as cement accelerating additive) were used in this research. Calcium chloride and water were mixed well and then kenaf particles were added to the mixture. At next stage, cement was added to the prepared mixture and all component were mixed well. Prepared mixture was molded to the wooden mold and kenaf cement composites were produced. The results obtained from mechanical evaluation of kenaf-cement composites showed the highest bending strength in 10% kenaf bark-cement composites. Also results revealed that highest modulus of elasticity of 10% kenaf core-cement products were obtained. The results of this research revealed the potential of kenaf particles as reinforcement in cement composite production.
Reza Hajihassani; Saman Ghahri; Kamyar Salehi; Fardad Golbabaei; seyedeh masoomeh
Abstract
Abstract In the current research, surface properties and failure modes of modified poplar wood (Populus deltoides) by hygrothermal treatment were evaluated. For this aim, the effect of variable factors included hygrothermal temperature (three levels: 130, 150 and 170°C) and holding time (two levels: ...
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Abstract In the current research, surface properties and failure modes of modified poplar wood (Populus deltoides) by hygrothermal treatment were evaluated. For this aim, the effect of variable factors included hygrothermal temperature (three levels: 130, 150 and 170°C) and holding time (two levels: 20 and 40 minutes) on poplar wood specimens properties (contact angle and surface roughness) prior to and after planning were investigated. The surface characteristics and failure modes were evaluated for both treated and untreated wood specimens. The results revealed that surface roughness of poplar wood was enhanced due to the hygrothermal treatment in both states of before and after planning. It was also found that the hygrothermal treatment decreased contact angle of distilled water. The bending strength of specimens was reduced by hygrothermal treatment. According to the results, failure modes of hygrothermally treated specimens were simple and compression types in bending strength test. Keywords: Surface roughness, contact angle, bending strength, failure mode
Fardad Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani; Kamyar Salehi; Asghar Tabei
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct lightweight structures and reduce energy loss. The aim of this study was to produce cement wood or composite products by combining organic particles such as wood fibers and lignocellulosic materials with monolith. The investigated product consisted of cement wood ...
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The aim of this study was to construct lightweight structures and reduce energy loss. The aim of this study was to produce cement wood or composite products by combining organic particles such as wood fibers and lignocellulosic materials with monolith. The investigated product consisted of cement wood made from scrap wood fibers and poplar wood particle thickness of 20 mm on both sides of the structure and 10 mm thick unolith in the middle of the structure. Products manufactured by Unolite Cement will have a combination of cement and Unolite properties. In this study, according to the studied variables including lignocellulosic materials and amount of additive (such as calcium chloride (Cacl) at two levels of 3 and 5%, the best specimens were prepared using 10% lignocellulosic materials. The thickness of the specimens was uniform at the two monolithic surfaces and all fabrication conditions such as discharge rate, press pressure, coalescence rate were assumed to be uniform and constant.In static bending experiment the mean maximum load force for ordinary brick failure was 3933.26N and the mean. The maximum load for breaking the cement stick was 389/78 N, which was approximately It has 10% resistance to ordinary brick but ordinary brick breaks abruptly when fractured, while the monolithic brick is gradually broken and the insulation properties due to the cellulosic fibers and the monolith in it are higher than the ordinary brick due to its low resistance to use. Recommended in partitions.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Haji hassani
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was concentrated on the possibilty of untilizing corn cops residues in the production of particleboard. Two press temperatures of 170 and 180 oC, and four ratios of corn cop/poplar wood particles (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75) in the corn layer of the boards and 100% poplar ...
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The aim of this investigation was concentrated on the possibilty of untilizing corn cops residues in the production of particleboard. Two press temperatures of 170 and 180 oC, and four ratios of corn cop/poplar wood particles (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75) in the corn layer of the boards and 100% poplar wood particles in the surface layer were used. A combination of 16 treatments were reached and three laboratory boards for each treatment were made. Physical and mechanical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The grouping of the averages were based on duncan multiple range test. The results indicated that the influence of the press temperature on both modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity was statistically significante and boards produced applying 170 oC reached higher values. As the ratio of the corn cop particles in the particle mixture in core layer increased, both modulus of rupture and internal bonding deteriorated and the highest value were measured at 50/50 ratio of the particle in the core layer. The Boards which produced applying higher press temperature exhibited hgiher rate of thickness swelling . Lower ratios of the corn cop particle in the mixture of particles in the core layer improved the properties of the boards. So that the ratio of 50/50/ and 25/75 produced lower thickness swelling. The results of this research revealed that eventhough boards produced using corn cop particles did not produce comparable properties to the boards based on poplar particles, but it can be concluded that if 50/50 ratio of particles, press temperature of 170 oC is used for board making, the mechanical properties of the produced boards will meet the requirement of DIN specifications.
Composite wood products
Fardad Golbabaei; Kamyar Salehi; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In this study, the composition of bagasse composite was investigated using different amounts of bagasse particles. Bagasse and cement particles are manufactured at levels (5, 10 and 15%) and percentage of calcium chloride as cement accelerating additive at two levels (3 and 2%) based on cement dry weight. ...
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In this study, the composition of bagasse composite was investigated using different amounts of bagasse particles. Bagasse and cement particles are manufactured at levels (5, 10 and 15%) and percentage of calcium chloride as cement accelerating additive at two levels (3 and 2%) based on cement dry weight. Then, the mixture was poured into a mold measuring 15 8 18 8 8 cm and the excess water was removed from the bottom of the mold and initially weighed 10 kg on the specimens. The specimens were removed from the mold after 48 hours and kept in a glass saturated room at 90% humidity for 14 days and then finally dried in a laboratory environment. The bending strength and physical properties tests were performed on the specimens. The results showed that bagasse particles had a significant effect on bending strength and other physical properties. The bending strength was highest in boards made with 10% bagasse particles.
Composite wood products
Laya jamali rad; saeed Narooei
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using tobacco stalk and industrial wood particles in particleboard industry as a waste material that is not consumed and discarded and has a low price, followed by a reduction in production costs from the way of choosing this raw material ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using tobacco stalk and industrial wood particles in particleboard industry as a waste material that is not consumed and discarded and has a low price, followed by a reduction in production costs from the way of choosing this raw material was of low value. For this purpose, the particles of tobacco stalk and industrial wood particles with different ratios of 0:100, 30:70 and 60:40, using the amount of adhesive used 12% and 14% (based on the dry weight of the wood chips) and the press time of 5 minutes for the construction of the board was considered. Physical and mechanical properties including thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water and bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) were measured and all data were statistically analyzed. According to the results of this study, the increase in tobacco stalk particles resulted in increased thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water and reduced bending strength, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding, but all boards had a European standard (EN). Increasing the amount of resin also had a significant effect on all the properties of the boards and improved the properties. In a general conclusion and by comparing the properties of the boards produced with the European standard (EN), showed that using 60% tobacco stalk and 12% urea formaldehyde resin can be produced particleboard with the desired properties. This is a positive result of using tobacco stalk as a type of agricultural residue and, consequently, the prevention of environmental pollution caused by the burning of these compounds.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Ali Fatolahzadeh
Abstract
Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should ...
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Particleboard industries are a dynamic industry, that has been established and grown rapidly in Iran. Demand for Particleboard has been increased rapidly due to increase population, thus the possibility of utilization residues from other wood using industries or other lignocellulosic raw materials should be investigated. The boards made for this study contained Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at 0: 100, 75: 25, 50: 50 and 25: 75 ratios as raw material. Samples of all the boards made were tested by the methods described in DIN 68763 standard, to obtain mean values of bending strength, internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling.The results of this study showed that there are no significant statistical differences among each combination for MOR and MOE but with increasing the percentage of wheat straw the MOR of boards was found to increase. There were statistical differences among each combination of IB wheat straw had the lowest IB, where as the highest IB were observed on the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp.In addition, samples of each type of board were tested for thickness swelling (T.S) after immersion in water for 2 and 24 hours respectively, and the results indicate that there were statistical differences among each combinations and the lowest thickness swelling value was belong to the boards with 100 percent Haloxylon sp. which had the highest IB. It was also observed that the board made of Haloxylon sp. and wheat straw at with 25: 75 ratio had the highest T.S immersion in water after 2 and 24 hours.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine ...
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Abstract: The application of corn stalks in the production of oriented strand board (OSB) is investigated. Corn stalks strands were produced in three sizes of 50, 75 and 100 millimeters length and dried to reach 2% moisture content. Oriented strand boards were made using either urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resin, and two press temperatures of 175 and 185 ° C. OSB boards using poplar wood strands, 100 millimeters long were also produced as control samples. The results of strength measurements of the boards were statistically analyzed using factorial experiment and completely randomized block design. The grouping of the averages was based on Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the effect of the resin type on the flexural properties and internal bonding of the boards is statistically significant and boards produced using phenol formaldehyde resin exhibited the lowest modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding strength. However, the adhesive type did not statistically influence the physical properties. The strand length also statistically influenced the board strength properties and boards made using poplar strands showed higher strength compared to corn stalks strands. The thickness swelling of the poplar OSB was almost twice the values of corn stalks OSB but the water absorption of these boards was lower than of corn stalks OSB. Press temperature adversely affected the modulus of rupture and elasticity, but higher press temperature improved the internal bonding strength. Higher press temperature increased the physical properties of the boards.
Composite wood products
Masoudreza Habibi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use of Hemp stalks in particleboard production. Mixtures of Hemp stalk and Eucalyptus wood at the ratios of 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 were used. Also two resin content of 8 and 10% (based on oven dry particle) and 2 press times of 3 and 4 minutes were employed for the production ...
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The purpose of this study was to use of Hemp stalks in particleboard production. Mixtures of Hemp stalk and Eucalyptus wood at the ratios of 0:100, 50:50, 100:0 were used. Also two resin content of 8 and 10% (based on oven dry particle) and 2 press times of 3 and 4 minutes were employed for the production of laboratory particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties including thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water, modulus of rapture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding were measured data were statistically analyzed. It was observed that the increase in Hemp stalk particles in the mixture resulted in increasing of bending properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity) and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours water soaking. Also the results showed that increase in Hemp stalk particles in the mixture resulted in reduction of internal bonding. As expected, physical and mechanical properties of particleboard improved with increasing resin content. Modulus of elasticity and thickness swelling after 24 hours water soaking were improved with increasing of press time. In general, comparing the produced board mechanical properties with standard of Iran requirements, the board produced using 100% and 50% Hemp stalk, 8% resin content and 3 minutes press time showed that optimal properties. Although the physical properties of the boards did not meet the standard values, the reason for this could not be due to the lack of use of paraffin.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The potential of cotton stalks residues for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients (10% core:10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables were produced. Then the mechanical and ...
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The potential of cotton stalks residues for the production of particleboard was investigated. Three resin dosage gradients (10% core:10% surface; 9%core:11% surface and 8% core:12% surface) and three press times (3, 4 and 5 minutes) were selected as the variables were produced. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the boards were measured and statistically analyzed. The results of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) measurements showed that as the resin dosage gradient increases, these properties increased and the effect of this variable on these properties was statistically significant. The highest values were reached when either 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients were applied. The effect of resin dosage gradient on thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was also statistically significant and these properties were improved. The effect of press time on thickness swelling was also statistically significant and the lowest thickness swelling was observed at 5 minutes press time. The results indicated that if 2 or 4% resin dosage gradients and either 4 or 5 minutes press time is applied for the manufacturing of particleboards using cotton stalks residues, the specification of the boards meet the EN specification.
Composite wood products
Laya Jamalirad; Fereshteh Kor; Farshid Faraji; Sahab Hedjazi
Abstract
In this research, the manufacture of particleboard using lignocellulosic residues including wheat straw and tobacco stalks mixed with industrial wood chips were studied. The variable factors included the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalks with industrial wood chips in four levels 0/100, 20/80, ...
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In this research, the manufacture of particleboard using lignocellulosic residues including wheat straw and tobacco stalks mixed with industrial wood chips were studied. The variable factors included the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalks with industrial wood chips in four levels 0/100, 20/80, 40/60 and 60/40 (In any combination, according to the desired levels, tobacco stalks and wheat straw were used equally) and the amount of urea formaldehyde resin was at two levels 12 and 14% of the dry weight of the wood chips. The results showed that by increasing the mixture of wheat straw and tobacco stalk up to 60 percent, the physical and mechanical properties of the boards decreased significantly. But increasing the amount of adhesive consumption up to 14 percent had a positive impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards and improved internal bonding, bending strength and modulus of elasticity and dimensional stability of the boards. It means that by increasing the use of this type of wastes up to 40 percent with an increase in the amount of UF adhesive up to 14% can be produced the boards with the mechanical properties at standard level.
Ghoncheh Rassam; Masoud Azadifar; Abolfazl Karegarfard; Faezeh Fazeli
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made using corn stalk. Mixtures of corn stalks and industrial wood particles at the ratios of 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, urea-melamine formaldehyde resin at two levels of 10 and 12% (based on the dry weight ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made using corn stalk. Mixtures of corn stalks and industrial wood particles at the ratios of 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, urea-melamine formaldehyde resin at two levels of 10 and 12% (based on the dry weight of the particles) and two press times of 5 and 6 minutes were used for the production of laboratory particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption and thickness swelling after 24 hours soaking in water, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding were measured and the data were statistically analyzed. It was observed that the increase in corn stalk particles in the mixture resulted in reduction of water absorption, thickness swelling after 24- hours water soaking and the internal bonding. The modulus of rupture and elasticity of the boards were increased at higher ration of corn stalk particles. The higher dosage of resin and higher press time imposed significant effect on all properties boards and improving properties were reached. In general, comparing the produced boards properties with EN 312 requirements, the boards produced using 70% corn stalk particles, 12% urea-melamine formaldehyde and 6 minutes press time showed optimal properties.
Vahid reza ُSafdari; Nima Eskini; Ajang Tajdini; Vlima Bayramzadeh
Abstract
Wood anatomy in addition to genetic is affected by environmental factors. One of the environmental factors is soil erosion which affects anatomical properties of roots considerably. Juniperus excelsa is one of Iranin indigenous softwood and has longevity and anatomical properties of its root in two conditions: ...
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Wood anatomy in addition to genetic is affected by environmental factors. One of the environmental factors is soil erosion which affects anatomical properties of roots considerably. Juniperus excelsa is one of Iranin indigenous softwood and has longevity and anatomical properties of its root in two conditions: inside of soil and exposed one can reveal effects of soil erosion on wood anatomical properties of root. So many roots and barks of trees in inside of soils and exposed have been sampled and many micro-sections prepared by microtome and anatomical properties were investigated. Results showed that wood roots under soil conform of one row of late-wood and by exposing the lumen area of tracheids in early-wood and late-wood were decreased and the cells appear thicker and late-wood portion increased. The axial parenchyma inclusion of dark resins in exposed roots observed frequently. Meanwhile by exposing of roots the thickness of bark decreased and the thickness of phloem and periderm in exposed root is not as wide as normal roots.
Reza Hajihassani; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The impact of reeds residue addition on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from pomegranate pruning was investigated. Laboratory particleboard was made applying one of the three levels of press time (3, 4 and 5 minutes) and one of the four levels of reed ...
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The impact of reeds residue addition on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from pomegranate pruning was investigated. Laboratory particleboard was made applying one of the three levels of press time (3, 4 and 5 minutes) and one of the four levels of reed and pomegranate pruning mixture (1-100% reeds; 2- 75% reeds + 25% pomegranate pruning; 3- 50% reeds + 50% pomegranate pruning and 4- 25% reeds + 75% pomegranate pruning). Boards were made in three replicate and 36 boards were made. Boards were tested using relevant EN standard and results were analyzed based on complete randomized design (CRD) under factorial experiment. Results revealed that increasing of pomegranate pruning in the wood mixture imposed positive effect on MOR, MOE, IB and thickness swelling of the particleboard. The relevant values of MOR, and MOE of the boards produced using 25% reeds + 75% pomegranate pruning were determined as 16.20 MPa and 2533 MPa respectively. Also thickness swelling after for 2 and 24 hours soaking in water decreased from 17.51 and 33.21% to 9.33 and 16.84% respectively. Internal bond strength (IB) of boards made applying 3 minutes press time (0.17 MPa.) was higher than boards made pressed for either 4 or 5 minutes, which indicates that 3 minutes press time is the appropriate time to approach maximum MOR and minimum thickness swelling after 24 hours soaking in water.
Mysam Abdolali sarbandi; Vahid Safdari; Sayed javad Sepidedam; Esmaeil Ganjyan
Abstract
In this research, the properties of cement fiberboard produced using different contents of nano-silica and bleached bagasse fibers were evaluated. Different ratios of bagasse fibers, cement and nano-silica were blended using an electrical blender. The mixture was then poured into a mould (15x18x18 ...
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In this research, the properties of cement fiberboard produced using different contents of nano-silica and bleached bagasse fibers were evaluated. Different ratios of bagasse fibers, cement and nano-silica were blended using an electrical blender. The mixture was then poured into a mould (15x18x18 cm dimension). The produced mould samples were matured for 14 days at room temperature and high moisture content (100%) and after maturing, the bending strength and physical properties of boards were measured. Results showed that both materials (naosilica and bagasse fibers) changed the bending and physical properties of the final boards. The bending strength of samples increased with the increase in nano-silica up to 1% and exceeding 1% decreased this property. It is because high content of silica (more than 1%) results in aggregate of nano-silica and cement and micro cracks occurred in samples. Also the increase in bagasse fiber up to 4% increased of bending strength of boards and more bagasse fibers decreased the bending strength. It is because high bagasse fibers cannot distribute in the cement matrix and fiber bundles reduced the bending strength. However, as the nano-silica and bagasse fibers content increase, the water and moisture absorption as well as thickness swelling increases, whereas density decreases.
Composite wood products
masoudreza habibi; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Saeed Mahdavi; Sayed javad Sepidehdam
Abstract
In this study, particleboard was produced by Eucalyptus and Poplar wood mixture. Variations of this study were as follow: - Combinations of Eucalyptus and Poplar wood were (%100 , %0) , (%66.5 ,% 33.5) , (%33.5 ,% 66.5) and (%0 ,% 100) respectively. ...
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In this study, particleboard was produced by Eucalyptus and Poplar wood mixture. Variations of this study were as follow: - Combinations of Eucalyptus and Poplar wood were (%100 , %0) , (%66.5 ,% 33.5) , (%33.5 ,% 66.5) and (%0 ,% 100) respectively. - Resin content ( %8 and %10) Physical and mechanical properties of boards such as MOR, MOE, IB TS2 and TS24 were tested according to EN standard. The effects of raw materials combinations on bending properties were significant. Maximum of MOE and MOR were observed in %66.5 of Poplar wood and % 33.5 of Eucalyptus wood. As expected, Physical and mechanical properties of boards were improved by increasing of resin content. Results indicated that TS2 and TS24 were increased with increasing of Poplar wood in combinations. Also the minimum of these properties were obtained in combinations of Eucalyptus and Poplar wood, %100, %0 respectively.
Amir Eshraghi; Habib alah Khademeslami; Amir Nourbakhsh; Behzad Bazyar; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, ...
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In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, 3- %75 OCC +%25 aspen. Indeed in this study these two mentioned factors are variable and other factors such as press temperature: 165 ºC, press time: 5 minute, mat moisture %12, board density 0.75 g/cm3 and press pressure 30 kg/cm2 were constant. After the boards were manufactured according to DIN-68763 standard, were undergone different tests such as: bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding strength and thickness swelling after 2 & 24 hours immersion in water. The results indicate that second ratio(%50 OCC and %50 aspen chips) is proper for bending applications and the first ratio(%25 OCC and %75 aspen chips) is proper for tensile and thickness swelling applications. Therefore, applying the OCC more than %50 in manufacturing combination; result in decreasing the physical and mechanical properties. Moreover the results show that when the resin content increases, the board features improve.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Morteza Khorami; Ahmad amin Khalili tabas; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Cement board without fibres has low flexural strength and fails in small strain. To solve this problem and enhance other characteristics, the fibres are applied. Asbestos fibres which have individual properties have been used for reinforcing cement composites since the early 20th century. However in ...
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Cement board without fibres has low flexural strength and fails in small strain. To solve this problem and enhance other characteristics, the fibres are applied. Asbestos fibres which have individual properties have been used for reinforcing cement composites since the early 20th century. However in this decade, most countries have been banned the use of asbestos fibres in construction industries, because of its effect on human healthy. Natural fibres are one of the suitable alternatives for cement board production that have a good compatibility with cement matrix. In this research, to recognize the flexural behaviour which is the one of the most important characteristics for cement board, many laboratory samples have been made by three kinds of fibres and tested. These fibres obtained from agricultural wastes such as bagasse, wheat and eucalyptus. The scanning Electronic Microscopic studies were carried out to clarify the microstructures of composites. The results show that among the all types of fibres, bagasse has the most effect on increasing the flexural strength capacity for cement composite boards.
Aliakbar Ramtin; Behnaz Dadkhahi tehrani; Kazemi Dossthoseini
Abstract
In this study, effects of press temperature and press time on the physical and mechanical properties on the OSB has made from Aspen were investigated. Two levels of press temperature 175ºC and 185ºC and two levels of press time 5 min and 6 min were applied as variables for manufacturing boards. ...
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In this study, effects of press temperature and press time on the physical and mechanical properties on the OSB has made from Aspen were investigated. Two levels of press temperature 175ºC and 185ºC and two levels of press time 5 min and 6 min were applied as variables for manufacturing boards. Mechanical and physical properties such as bending strength, internal bond, water absorption and thickness swelling were measured. results showed that, increase in press temperature and press time causes significant increase on bending strength, internal bond, water absorption and thickness swelling. The best boards were made of press temperature of 185ºC and press time 5 minutes.
Composite wood products
Aliakbar Ramtin; Kazem Doosthosseini; Behnaz Dadkhah tehrani; Mohammad ali Podinehpoor; Majid Chaharmahali
Abstract
The objective of this research was to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of Aspen OSB made with different percentage of resin as well as in different orientation of strand. Mechanical and physical properties such as bending strength. interlaminated shear strength, water absorption and ...
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The objective of this research was to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of Aspen OSB made with different percentage of resin as well as in different orientation of strand. Mechanical and physical properties such as bending strength. interlaminated shear strength, water absorption and thickness swell were measured on the resulting orientation strand board. Among sample boards with high percentage of resin amount showed superior mechanical and physical performance. Results also showed, when strand were oriented in boards) physical and mechanical properties were improved.
Composite wood products
Shamohammad Amiri; Ahmad Jahan latibari
Abstract
The property of MDF obtained the mixture of Haloxylon persicum wood (Saxaul) with Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) at 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 0:100 ratios is investigated in this study. The results of this study showed that there is significant statistical differences (1%) among combinations of woods for MOR, ...
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The property of MDF obtained the mixture of Haloxylon persicum wood (Saxaul) with Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) at 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 0:100 ratios is investigated in this study. The results of this study showed that there is significant statistical differences (1%) among combinations of woods for MOR, MOE, IB, thickness swelling after 2 & 24 hours and water absorption after 2 & 24 hours. The bending strength (MOR) of MDF produced of Hornbeam wood fibers was highest and Saxaul wood fibers were lowest. Boards produced from 50% Hornbeam and 50% Saxaul, showed the important of bending strength 57%. The average modulus of elasticity (MOE) of MDF showed significant statistical differences (1%). MDF produced from Hornbeam wood fibers had showed highest MOE and Saxaul wood fibers showed lowest MOB. The result of internal bonding (IB) showed that MDF produced from Saxaul wood fibers possessed lowest IB and Hornbeam wood fibers had highest IB. In other two combinations of Hornbeam and Saxaul wood fibers, there are no significant statistical differences (1%) with MDF produced from only of Hornbeam wood fibers.
Composite wood products
masoudreza habibi; Saeed Mahdavi; Hossein Hosseinkhani
Abstract
In this study, MDF was produced from Reed ( Phragmites australis ). Reeds are collected from Talabe - Anzalye areas. The treatments conditions for fiber preparing were as follows:-Steaming temperature 170°c, 180°c-Steaming time 5, 10, 15 minutesThe other production variables were constant. The ...
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In this study, MDF was produced from Reed ( Phragmites australis ). Reeds are collected from Talabe - Anzalye areas. The treatments conditions for fiber preparing were as follows:-Steaming temperature 170°c, 180°c-Steaming time 5, 10, 15 minutesThe other production variables were constant. The anatomical properties of Reed such as fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured respectively 1.38mm, 17.07, 6.15, 5.46 micron. LID ratio of Reed fiber was measured 80.84. The physical and mechanical properties of MDF were determined according to DIN standard. The measurements of bending properties and IB of MDF revealed that increasing steaming time and steaming temperature caused to decrease MOR, MOE and IB.Also the results of MDF dimentional stabilities indicated that Thickness Swelling after 2 and 24 hours decreased upon increasing steaming time and steaming temperature. Degradation of hemicellulose chains may be the reason of decreasing Thickness Swelling.
Composite wood products
asghar tarmian; Kazem Doosthosseini; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; Mohammadmehdi Faezi poor
Abstract
Beneficial utilization of large quantity of paper sludge from Mazandaran Wood & Paper Industry in particleboard manufacturing has been studied. Single-layer and three-layer particleboard (paper sludge as a surface layer) were produced. Urea-formaldehyde resin at two levels of 10 and 12 percent and ...
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Beneficial utilization of large quantity of paper sludge from Mazandaran Wood & Paper Industry in particleboard manufacturing has been studied. Single-layer and three-layer particleboard (paper sludge as a surface layer) were produced. Urea-formaldehyde resin at two levels of 10 and 12 percent and paper sludge content at 4 levels, 0, 15, 30 and 45 percent were studied. Other factors such as press temperature (160oC), press time (6minutes), mat moisture (12%), board density (0.75g/cm3) and etc were constant factors. Mechanical and physical properties including bending strength, shear strength, thickness swelling and water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion were evaluated. The results indicated that application of paper sludge reduced mechanical properties and improved thickness swelling .The particleboard produced with 15%paper sludge had the least water absorption, but by using more paper sludge, water absorption increased. Single-layer particleboard had higher bending strength. However, there was no significant different in shear strength between single and three layer particleboard. Three-layer particleboard showed lower thickness swelling.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Taghi Tabarsa; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
Laminated veneer lumber (L. V. L) manufactured from Maple and Alder wood is investigated. Three levels of layer thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4mm. were investigated. Bending strength (MOR and MOE), CompressionThe results of this investigation indicated that laminated wood strength of samples produced from ...
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Laminated veneer lumber (L. V. L) manufactured from Maple and Alder wood is investigated. Three levels of layer thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4mm. were investigated. Bending strength (MOR and MOE), CompressionThe results of this investigation indicated that laminated wood strength of samples produced from Alder layers are superior to Maple. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the effect of wood species on strength properties was significantly different at 99% level. Layer thicknesses also showed significant effect on strength increasing layer thicknesses from 2 to 4 mm. caused a reduction on MOE and improved impact properties.The results of this investigation also showed that Alder layers at 4 mm. Is superior to Maple layers in impact properties.
