Composite wood products
ELHAM MARZBAN MORIDANI; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study, physical properties of composite produced using recycled polymer (polypropylene and polyethylene) filled with two types of paper mill sludge (sludge on the DAF and waste water sludge) were investigated. Three levels of paper sludge (15, 30 and 45 wt %) were used to produce composites. ...
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In this study, physical properties of composite produced using recycled polymer (polypropylene and polyethylene) filled with two types of paper mill sludge (sludge on the DAF and waste water sludge) were investigated. Three levels of paper sludge (15, 30 and 45 wt %) were used to produce composites. Haake machine was used to blend materials and to produce standard samples; injection molding system was utilized. Density, water absorption and thicknesses swelling of composites were measured. The increasing of both paper mill sludge (sludge on the DAF and wastewater sludge) to the recycled polyethylene and polypropylene increased the density of composites. But, comparing the data obtained from density measurement with literature showed that utilization of paper mill sludge produced relatively lower density and cost on the unit volume basis. Adding both paper mill sludge (sludge on the DAF and waste water sludge) increased water absorption and thicknesses swelling. The samples containing polypropylene and waste water sludge showed lower water absorption and thicknesses swelling compared with other composite.
Composite wood products
Morteza Nazeryan; Amin Dalirzadeh; Saeid reza Farokhpayam
Abstract
The effect of old corrugated container (OCC) powder as Urea Formaldehyde resin (UF) filler on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) prepared from bagasse fibers and waste MDF was investigated. The variables in this research were the ratio of UF resin powder to OCC (at five levels; 100:0, ...
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The effect of old corrugated container (OCC) powder as Urea Formaldehyde resin (UF) filler on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) prepared from bagasse fibers and waste MDF was investigated. The variables in this research were the ratio of UF resin powder to OCC (at five levels; 100:0, 5/5:1/98, 97:3, 5/5:4/95, and 94:6) and the ratio of bagasse fibers to waste MDF at five level; 100:0, 98:2, 96:4, 94:6 and 92:8).The constant variable in all treatments were 6 mm/min. press closing time and 150°Cpress temperature. Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA) after 24h, modulus of elasticity (MOR), modulus of rupture (MOE) and internal bonding (IB)) of panels were measured according to EN standard and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that OCC powder and MDF waste had significant effect on the bending strength and modulus of elasticity. An increase in OCC improved the internal bonding (IB) while IB was reduced by increasing of MDF waste. Minimum water absorption was found in panels with the maximum waste MDF. This means that the panels with 8 percent waste MDF had the least water absorption. Moreover, the panels with highest content of waste MDF had the least thickness swelling. No significant difference was found between the effects of various OCC powder content on the physical.
Composite wood products
Mostafa yahyavi; Abolghasem Khazaeyan
Abstract
Abstract In this study, wheat straw-polypropylene particleboard was produced using a mixture of wheat straw and polypropylene with urea formaldehyde resin and its properties were investigated. The ratio of polypropylene to the wheat straw particles was selected as 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 percent. Urea ...
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Abstract In this study, wheat straw-polypropylene particleboard was produced using a mixture of wheat straw and polypropylene with urea formaldehyde resin and its properties were investigated. The ratio of polypropylene to the wheat straw particles was selected as 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 percent. Urea formaldehyde was used at three levels of 4, 6 and 8 percent based on oven dried weight of wheat straw particle. Mechanical and physical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24h soaking in water) of the produced boards were measured. The results showed that increasing polypropylene and urea formaldehyde resin resulted in increasing the bending strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards. The results also indicated that water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24h soaking in water decreased with increased polypropylene and urea formaldehyde resin percent. The UF resin content can be reduced in the particleboard as a function of increasing the PP powder.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
parisa azari; mohammad talaeipour; noorodin nazarnezhad; behzad bazyar
Abstract
In this study the effect of surface oxidation of wood particles in order to reducing amount of adhesive for making single layer particleboard was investigated. Oxidation of wood particles cause to form carboxylic groups and free phenolic radicals that lead to activate the surface of wood particles for ...
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In this study the effect of surface oxidation of wood particles in order to reducing amount of adhesive for making single layer particleboard was investigated. Oxidation of wood particles cause to form carboxylic groups and free phenolic radicals that lead to activate the surface of wood particles for adhesion. This search was conducted on Populus nigra wood particles that they were oxidized by nitric acid (40%) including 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent (based on OD weight of wood). These wood particles were adhered by phenol formaldehyde resin in three amounts of 3, 5 and 7 percent (based on OD weight of wood) then wood particle cakes pressed in 180 degree of centigrade, 5 min and 30 kg/cm2. The results indicate that maximum MOR, MOE and minimum water absorption and swelling thickness was observed in boards with 7% adhesive and 4% acid. Using 5% adhesive and 4% acid had the best performance on shearing strength.
Composite wood products
Hamid Aibaghi esfahani; Mehdi Kalagar; Elham Marzban moridani
Abstract
In this study, mechanical properties of high density polyethylene (as matrix) and olive mill sludge (as filler / reinforcement) composites were investigated. There levels of paper sludge (15, 30, 40 and 50 wt %) were used to produce composites. The effect of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) ...
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In this study, mechanical properties of high density polyethylene (as matrix) and olive mill sludge (as filler / reinforcement) composites were investigated. There levels of paper sludge (15, 30, 40 and 50 wt %) were used to produce composites. The effect of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as coupling agent on the mechanical properties composite was investigated and then, these composites (with coupling agent) were compared with composites without coupling agent. For blending materials from extruder and produce of mechanical standard sample from injection molding were used. Mechanical properties containing tensile properties (modulus of elasticity and tensile strength) and impact strength were studied. The result of obtaining from modulus of elasticity showed that with adding olive mill sludge to the polyethylene cause to signification increasing in modulus of elasticity were compared to pure polyethylene. Tensile strength composite increasing with adding olive mill sludge compared to pure polyethylene but maximum measure of tensile strength related to composites contain 30% olive mill sludge and coupling agent. Also adding 15% olive mill sludge to polyethylene cause to improved impact strength in compared pure polyethylene, but with adding more olive mill sludge (30, 40 and 50%), impact strength in composites were decreased. The used of coupling agent in the total manufactured composite cause to improved in impact strength of composites. The addition of a coupling agent (MAPE) to the composition resulted in an increase in mechanical properties of the composites that indicating enhanced matrix–olive mill sludge interfacial adhesion.
Composite wood products
Zahra Jahani lomer; Saeed Reza farrokhpayam; Mohammad Shamsian
Abstract
AbstracIn the past decade, artificial neural networks have been used as a powerful tool for modeling and prediction in many scientific fields. In this study, the feed-forward multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was utilized and trained by back propagation (BP) algorithm with Levenberg-Marquardt numerical optimization ...
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AbstracIn the past decade, artificial neural networks have been used as a powerful tool for modeling and prediction in many scientific fields. In this study, the feed-forward multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was utilized and trained by back propagation (BP) algorithm with Levenberg-Marquardt numerical optimization technique via Matlab software. Temperature of press (°C), mat moisture content (%) and press closing time (sec) were used as inputs, Water absorption (WA2, 24h), thickness swelling (TS2, 24h) and density were the outputs of neural network model. This technique will increase network versatility and decreases the effect of undesirable and weak data. The modeling and prediction was done based experimental data and the forecasting results were compared with real data. The efficiency of these techniques evaluated with statistical criteria of mean square error (MSE), root mean square error, (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R2). The results showed this ANN model could accurately describe the water absorption, thickness swelling after immersion for 2 and 24 hours, and density of particleboard
Composite wood products
Ghonche Rassam; Hamid Reza Taghiyari; Bratali Keshtegar
Abstract
Wood-composites are susceptible to fire due to their nature. Some research projects were therefore carried out to investigate potentiality of bentonite nanoparticles in improving fire-retarding properties in medium-density fiberboards (MDF); the present complimentary study aimed at determining the effects ...
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Wood-composites are susceptible to fire due to their nature. Some research projects were therefore carried out to investigate potentiality of bentonite nanoparticles in improving fire-retarding properties in medium-density fiberboards (MDF); the present complimentary study aimed at determining the effects of nanobentonite on physical and mechanical properties of MDF. Ten percent of urea-formaldehyde resin was used as adhesive in the matrix. Nano bentonite was added at 5 levels (%0 ,% 5 ,% 10 , %15 and %20) g/kg based on the dry weight of fibers. Bentonite nanoparticles were sprayed on the fibers after being mixed with the resin solution. Mats were hot-pressed for 4, 5, and 6 minutes at temperature of 170°C. Density was kept constant (75 g.cm-3) for all treatment. Results revealed that nano Bentonite did not improve the physical properties of water absorption, thickness swelling and mechanical properties of internal bonding (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR). As to the other treatments, nano Bentonite consumption level of % 5 showed the lowest negative effect on the physical properties (water absorption, thickness swelling ) and treatment of 5% and %10 also less negative effect on the Mechanical properties (Modulus of rupture, Internal Bonding ). Treatment 20% is not recommended because it weakens the properties; moreover, the surface of fiberboards is not suitable. It was concluded that due to the fire-retarding improving effects, %5 of nano Bentonite is recommended as the optimum level for the industry.
Composite wood products
Amineh Behzadi Shahrebabak; Mehrab Madhoushi; Mohammad reza MastriFarahani
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nanoclay and coupling agent on decay resistance and physical properties (including water absorption and thickness swelling) of nanoclay- Polyethylene- MDF sanding- powder composite were investigated. For this aim, MDF sanding dust and polyethylene were used as lignocellulose ...
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In this study, the effect of nanoclay and coupling agent on decay resistance and physical properties (including water absorption and thickness swelling) of nanoclay- Polyethylene- MDF sanding- powder composite were investigated. For this aim, MDF sanding dust and polyethylene were used as lignocellulose and thermoplastic material respectively. Also, Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was used in different weight percentages; 3% and 6% as a compatibilizer and nanoclay .Cloisite®15A was used in different weight percentages 2%, 4% and 6%.At first, raw materials were producted to fabricate granules by using twin-screw extruder. Then 36 panels (12 treatments by 3 repetitions) were made by hot pressing with 1 g/cm3 nominal density at dimensions by 30 cm × 28 cm × 1 cm. Then, water absorption and thickness swelling and decay resistant (loss weight) were investigated. Specimens were exposed to Trametes versicolor for 3 months, according to ASTM-D1413 standard. The results shown, water absorption and thickness swelling reduce with increasing MAPE significantly. While, at the time when nanoclay was added 2% (phr), water absorption and thickness swelling reduced significantly and then increased. Also, decay resistance was improved with increasing coupling agent and nanoclay.
Composite wood products
Asghar Tabei; Arash Farajpoor Roodsari
Abstract
In this study, effects of the flour of cellulosic shell of Pistachio and nanoclay loading on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composite were investigated. Hence, flour of cellulosic shell of Pistachio, in levels of 30, 40 and 50 and Nano clay of cloisite 15A in three levels (0, ...
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In this study, effects of the flour of cellulosic shell of Pistachio and nanoclay loading on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composite were investigated. Hence, flour of cellulosic shell of Pistachio, in levels of 30, 40 and 50 and Nano clay of cloisite 15A in three levels (0, 3 and 5%) was mixed with Corn starch polymer. Samples were made with a laboratory twin-screw extruder and then injection molding. The heating temperature profile and rotational speed of the screws were set at 180–170–160–160 oC and 60 rpm, respectively. Mechanical properties including tensile and flexural properties as well as notched impact strength and physical properties including water absorption and thickness swelling were measured. The results showed that flexural and tensile strength, water absorption of the samples increased as the flour content increased from 30 to 50% (w/w), but tensile modulus, notched impact resistance and thickness swelling decreased. Furthermore, tensile modulus increased as the Nannoclay content increased from 0 to 5% (w/w). Besides, Flexural and tensile strength, Flexural modulus, notched impact resistance increased as Nannoclay content increased from 0 to 3% (w/w). beyond this limit (to 5% (w/w)), they decreased.Water absorption and thickness swelling of the samples decreased as the Nannoclay content increased from 0 to 5% (w/w).
Composite wood products
Taghi Tabarsa; Sayed mohammad Hosseini; Eiman Valizadeh
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potential of waste newspaper application in cement fiber board production. Cement fiber board were produced using three levels of waste paper fibers and two levels of calcium chloride as additive material. After making the boards, the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the potential of waste newspaper application in cement fiber board production. Cement fiber board were produced using three levels of waste paper fibers and two levels of calcium chloride as additive material. After making the boards, the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and thickness swelling after 24 hours immersion in water were determined based on DIN 68763. The results showed that boards made with cement:fiber ratio 90:10 and 5% calcium chloride exhibited the maximum modulus of rupture and minimum of thickness swelling (TS) after 24 hours. The results also showed that additive material had positive effect on physical and mechanical properties of boards.
Composite wood products
Mohammad Farajalah poor; Kazem Dosthosseini
Abstract
Effects of mat moisture content (MC) and Cu nanoparticles on heat transfer and physical and mechanical properties of poplar particleboard were investigated. Three levels of mat moisture content (9, 12 and 15%. based on oven dried wood particles) and two levels of Cu nanoparticles (0 and 15% based on ...
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Effects of mat moisture content (MC) and Cu nanoparticles on heat transfer and physical and mechanical properties of poplar particleboard were investigated. Three levels of mat moisture content (9, 12 and 15%. based on oven dried wood particles) and two levels of Cu nanoparticles (0 and 15% based on oven dried resin) were selected as variable factors. Results indicated that mechanical properties of particleboard improved as MC increases. Cu nanoparticles accelerated the heat transfer from the surface layer to the core layer of the mat and subsequently increased the internal bonding. This positive effect was evident as MC increased. Water absorption and thickness swelling increased as either MC or Cu nanoparticles content was raised. It was observed that the efficiency of Cu nanoparticles on heat transfer was superior at higher MC. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) determination revealed that the presence and very well dispersion of Cu nanoparticles in glue line.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Reza Hajihassani; Fardad Golbabaei; Moghgan Kohpayeh zadeh
Abstract
Wood fibers are increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastic composites due to their low cost, high specific strength properties and renewable nature. The ultimate goal of our research was to find the fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of poplar wood fiber/polypropylene ...
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Wood fibers are increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastic composites due to their low cost, high specific strength properties and renewable nature. The ultimate goal of our research was to find the fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of poplar wood fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. The effect of wood fiber concentrations and compounding temperature on the mechanical properties of composites, prepared using MAPP as the coupling agent, was investigated. In the sample preparation, four levels of fiber loading (10, 20, 30, and 40 w/w%) and three compounding temperatures (180, 190, and 200oC) were used. The results revealed that the major changes in composite properties occurred at fiber contents above 30%. The results clearly showed that the fiber loading of 30 and 40 w/w% at 190oC provided adequate reinforcement to increase the tensile and flexural strength of the composite. The modulus also increased with increasing fiber content, because poplar wood fibers are believed to be more rigid than polymer. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in the reduction of both elongation and impact strength properties of the composites. The FTIR spectroscopy showed that the polymer was bonded to the fibers by ester linkages and hydrogen bonds at 1705–1735 cm-1.
Composite wood products
masoudreza habibi; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
In this study, particleboard was produced using Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) called Somr wood. Oven dry density of stem and branch wood was measured as 0.92, 0.72 g/cm3 whereas the bark weight percentage of stem and branch wood determined as 13.6 % and14 % respectively. The influence of raw material ...
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In this study, particleboard was produced using Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) called Somr wood. Oven dry density of stem and branch wood was measured as 0.92, 0.72 g/cm3 whereas the bark weight percentage of stem and branch wood determined as 13.6 % and14 % respectively. The influence of raw material mixture (stem wood, branch wood, the blend of stem and branch wood, 50/50 w/w) and resin content 10% and 12 % (based on dry weight of the particle) on particleboard properties were investigated. Properties such as MOR, MOE, IB, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water were determined according to EN standard. Except for MOE, the effect of raw material type on board properties was significant. Particleboards made from branch wood, had the highest MOR. Maximum IB was observed in boards made from the blend of stem and branch wood. With the exception of bending properties, the effect of resin content on all board properties was significant. Increasing the resin content improved board properties. The lowest value of thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was obtained in particleboard made from stem wood
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani; Fatemeh Rezaei
Abstract
In this investigation, 36 laboratory Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) panels were produced using beech wood fibers. Variables were three steaming time (5, 10 and 15 minutes), two press time (4 and 6 minutes) and two resin consumption levels (9 and 11%). The physical and mechanical properties of panels ...
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In this investigation, 36 laboratory Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) panels were produced using beech wood fibers. Variables were three steaming time (5, 10 and 15 minutes), two press time (4 and 6 minutes) and two resin consumption levels (9 and 11%). The physical and mechanical properties of panels were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the favorite MOR was observed in panels produced through 4 minutes press time, 11% resin consumption and 10 minutes steaming time. Also increase in steaming time to 15 minutes and press time to 6 minutes, caused the MOR and MOE of boards reduced to minimum level. The internal bonding (IB) of boards decreased with steaming and press time increase. However, the panels produced at 25 minutes of steaming time showed minimum of thickness swelling. The results of this investigation indicated that the thickness swelling of boards improved with increase in steaming time. However mechanical properties of boards were higher where the shorter steaming time applied.
Composite wood products
Hamid Hatefnia; Ali akbar Enayati; Kazem Dost hosseini; Mohammad Azadfallah
Abstract
Poplar wood chips were treated by steaming in different conditions. The chemical composition changes of milled wood were studied. The obtained results indicate hemicelluloses degradation, reduction of acetyl groups and formation of organic acid during the treatment. It was also found that steam treatment ...
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Poplar wood chips were treated by steaming in different conditions. The chemical composition changes of milled wood were studied. The obtained results indicate hemicelluloses degradation, reduction of acetyl groups and formation of organic acid during the treatment. It was also found that steam treatment has led to degradation of low-molecular lignin units, decrease in cellulose amorphous regions, increase of acetone extractives and hot water solubility as well as one percent sodium hydroxide solubility. The FT-IR spectra indicated a structural change of aromatic polymers in the wood, cleavage of the acetyl group of hemicelluloses and formation of organic acid.
Composite wood products
Sayed mohammad javad Mosavi hosseini; Mohammad mehdi Faezipoor; Hossein Usefi
Abstract
The effect of using nanoclay on MDF properties was investigated. Sodium montmorolonit (NA+MMT) was used in three levels of 0, 3 and 6 percent based on dry weight of two resins of urea formaldehyde (UF) and Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal ...
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The effect of using nanoclay on MDF properties was investigated. Sodium montmorolonit (NA+MMT) was used in three levels of 0, 3 and 6 percent based on dry weight of two resins of urea formaldehyde (UF) and Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of MDF were measured based on EN standard. Results demonstrated that with the increase of nanoclay in both UF and MDI resins MOR and MOE of MDF increased significantly in such a way that with the use of UF containing 6% nanoclay MOR increased by 33%. Although, IB was significantly affected by UF containing nanoclay, MDI containig nanoclay caused reduction in IB. WA and TS of MDF made from MDI did not show significant variation by increase of nanoclay but those made from UF resin positively affected by adding nanoclay in such a way that MDF made from 3% nanoclay showed 41% loss in TS compared to those made from pure UF.
Composite wood products
Ali akbar Enayati; Farnaz Eslah
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixing great size wood particles of poplar with appropriate size particles of the same species, on density profile and physical -mechanical properties of the made particleboard, this study was carried out. One layer boards were made by use of appropriate ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixing great size wood particles of poplar with appropriate size particles of the same species, on density profile and physical -mechanical properties of the made particleboard, this study was carried out. One layer boards were made by use of appropriate and great size residue particles on a 7mm pores screen with the ratio of 0/100, 15/85, 30/70, and 45/55 respectively. The results obtained from measured physical and mechanical properties showed that increasing great particles ratio had no negative effect on properties of boards. Increasing the amount of this particles in boards composition, caused increasing internal bonding and decreasing water absorption and thickness swelling levels. In addition, there were no significant differences within boards made from different treatments MOR and MOE properties. Regarding results of this study, when %15 great particles was used with appropriate particle ones, boards had minimum reduction of mechanical strength. Investigation of density profile showed the same result. But all properties of the boards were over the determined limit in terms of relevant standard values even in the case of using 45% great particles.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Jafar Eskandari; Amir sohil Pirayeshfar; Mohammad mehdi Jalili; Sayed yahya Mosavi; Mehran Rohnia
Abstract
In this study, three composites (Carbon fiber- Polyester resin, Glass fiber-Polyester resin and Hemp fiber-Polyester resin) are designed as a substitute for the wood in music instruments and their acoustic properties such as elastic modulus, acoustic coefficient, and acoustic coefficient efficiency are ...
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In this study, three composites (Carbon fiber- Polyester resin, Glass fiber-Polyester resin and Hemp fiber-Polyester resin) are designed as a substitute for the wood in music instruments and their acoustic properties such as elastic modulus, acoustic coefficient, and acoustic coefficient efficiency are investigated. For better evaluation of the results, two wood specimens from Cupressus arizonica and Morus Alba trees (which are using in many acoustic applications) were chosen and analyzed as control samples. The results show that the resultant composites possess essential acoustic and vibrational properties so that the result for Carbon fiber-Polyester composite exhibits tremendous acoustic properties than wood samples did. In this paper, the water absorption of resultant composites and wood samples were also measured. The results demonstrate that composites specimens could resist against humidity much better than wood samples.
Composite wood products
Fatemeh Taheri; Ali akbar Enayati; Abdol rasol Oromihei; Mehdi Tajvidi
Abstract
By utilizing three different grades of Polypropylene (PP) as matrix, two different kind of MAPP as coupling agent and without MAPP and Pistachio's flour, composite samples were produced. Physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites including: MOR, MOE, tensile strength, bending ...
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By utilizing three different grades of Polypropylene (PP) as matrix, two different kind of MAPP as coupling agent and without MAPP and Pistachio's flour, composite samples were produced. Physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites including: MOR, MOE, tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength, hardness, water absorption and thickness swelling (816 hours) were determined. Results indicated that the effect of different grade of polypropylene and coupling agent on water absorption, thickness swelling, hardness and impact strength variables were insignificant. Use of Polypropylene having higher Melt Flow Index (MFI) leads to increase in mechanical properties of wood plastic composite samples such as Bending and Tensile strength even if coupling agent wasn't used. Use of different kind of MAPP as coupling age in making wood plastic composites can result in better mechanical properties which based on their type have different effect.
Composite wood products
Ali Byat kashkoli; Morteza Nazaryan
Abstract
Definition of furniture design and its products according to the principles of anthropometry is essential and meaningful. Dimensions of chair should optimize fitting based on anthropometric measurements of population. The research explores the appropriate chair dimension which best fit the anthropometric ...
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Definition of furniture design and its products according to the principles of anthropometry is essential and meaningful. Dimensions of chair should optimize fitting based on anthropometric measurements of population. The research explores the appropriate chair dimension which best fit the anthropometric characteristics of Zabol students. The applied methodologies were descriptive and approximate. Anthropometric measurements of Zabol students, include back height, arm-shoulder to elbow, popliteal height, buttock popliteal height and hip circumference, and statistical analyzes, include Duncan analysis and descriptive statistics used and proper dimension of chair were determinate by the guideline. A total of 140 students (15 female and 20 male representing each of the four bachelor duration) were sampled. Dimension of all chairs variety were recorded. Differences of anthropometric measurements of 60 people were measured to available education chair. The obtained results showed that the chair dimensions were greater than the acceptable limits for most students. If chair dimensions, include armrest height, seat height, seat depth, seat width and backrest height are equal to 20, 42, 38, upwards of 59 and 35 cm, match percent could be improved to 32%, also, 49%, 49%, upwards of 59% and 44%, respectively.
Composite wood products
Hamid Hatefnia; Aliakbar Enayati; Kazem Dosthosseini; Mohammad Azadfalah
Abstract
In this research the effect of steam pretreatment on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were evaluated. Steam pre-treatment was applied on the particles of poplar wood in a stainless steel reactor at four different temperature (155, 165, ...
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In this research the effect of steam pretreatment on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were evaluated. Steam pre-treatment was applied on the particles of poplar wood in a stainless steel reactor at four different temperature (155, 165, 175 and 185 ◦C) and three different retention time (15, 30 and 45 min). The obtained results indicated that mechanical properties include MOR and IB content of the particleboard decreased, whereas MOE increased initially then decreased with severity of treatment conditions. The physical properties of the board i.e. thickness swelling, water absorption and consequently dimensional stability were improved by steam pretreatment. The observed changes can be attributed to reduction in hemicelluloses content and hydroxyl groups within wood component.
Composite wood products
Saeid Kazemi najafi; Ali Azimi dalrstani
Abstract
In this study, physical and mechanical properties of composites made of bark flour and polypropylene were studied and compared with those of wood flour-polypropylene composites. Bark flour content were adjusted at three levels (40, 50 and 60%) and compounded at absence and presence of 2% compatibilizer ...
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In this study, physical and mechanical properties of composites made of bark flour and polypropylene were studied and compared with those of wood flour-polypropylene composites. Bark flour content were adjusted at three levels (40, 50 and 60%) and compounded at absence and presence of 2% compatibilizer (MAPP) in a twin screw extruder to produce the bark flour-polypropylene composites. The wood flour-polypropylene composites also were manufactured at 60 filler weight wood flour loading. The results showed that water absorption and thickness swelling of composites containing bark flour increase with increasing bark flour content. The composites containing bark flour exhibited lower water absorption and thickness swelling than those made from wood flour. In absence of MAPP, bark content had no significant effect on flexural modulus of the composites but flexural strength and un-notched Izod impact strength significantly decreased with increase in bark content. The use of MAPP had no significant effect in increasing the mechanical properties. A comparison indicates that in absence of MAPP, bark flour-PP composites exhibited higher mechanical properties than wood flour-PP composite but in presence of MAPP, results were quite inversed.
Composite wood products
Mohammad Arabi; Mohammad mehdi Faezipoor; Mohammad Layeghi; Ali akbar Enayati
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate which equation (Linear, Exponential equation and quadratic) can describe exactly the interaction effect of particle size and adhesive percent and predict mechanical properties of particleboard (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and bending strength). ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate which equation (Linear, Exponential equation and quadratic) can describe exactly the interaction effect of particle size and adhesive percent and predict mechanical properties of particleboard (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and bending strength). For this work three levels of density including 0.65, 0.7, and 0.75 g/cm3 and also, three levels of adhesive content including 8, 9.5, and 11% and four levels of slenderness ratio of particles including 46.35, 33.7, 21.51 and 12.87 were used. After conducting the experiment and preparing the data, three kind of equation (linear, quadratic and Exponential equation) for each mechanical property based on slenderness of particles, density and adhesive percent obtained. The result indicated there was no correlation between mechanical properties of particleboard and quadratic equation but there were good correlations between linear and Exponential equation. Also the result indicated that Exponential equation can describe efficiently the simultaneous effect of slenderness and adhesive present on the mechanical properties of particleboard, and it can predict better mechanical properties than linear equation.
Composite wood products
Kazem Dost hosseini; Bita Moezipoor
Abstract
The possibility waste paper (writing paper and newsprint) and old corrugated carton (OCC) utilization as a filler of urea formaldehyde resin onplywood manufacturing was investigated. Theeffect of type of filler as a variable factor on applicable properties i.e. water absorption and swelling after 2 and ...
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The possibility waste paper (writing paper and newsprint) and old corrugated carton (OCC) utilization as a filler of urea formaldehyde resin onplywood manufacturing was investigated. Theeffect of type of filler as a variable factor on applicable properties i.e. water absorption and swelling after 2 and 24 hours, bending strength parallel and perpendicular to grain and shear strength on the interface was evaluated and the results were analyzed. The results of this study showed that utilization of waste paper and old corrugated carton as the filler decreased the water absorption and swelling and improved their mechanical properties. Since this materials caused to promote adhesion and improved the urea formaldehyde resin bond, it can be inferred that waste paper and old carton can act as an extender on the resin binding process.
Composite wood products
Hamed Nasiry; Ali Varshoei; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this study the possibility of bagasse fiber usage in Fiber-Cement Composite (FCC) manufacturing, was investigated. Two load of bagasse fiber (%4, 10), three level of calcium chloride as facilitator (5, 7.5 and 10 percent per dry weight of cement) and two type of Portland cement (type II and V) were ...
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In this study the possibility of bagasse fiber usage in Fiber-Cement Composite (FCC) manufacturing, was investigated. Two load of bagasse fiber (%4, 10), three level of calcium chloride as facilitator (5, 7.5 and 10 percent per dry weight of cement) and two type of Portland cement (type II and V) were considered as variables (12 treatments). There were three replicates for each treatment, thus 36 experimental board were manufactured totally. The physical and mechanical properties of experimental specimens were investigated and results analyzed by SPSS software as fully randomized factorial model. As results indicated, there was no significant different between cement type II and V in physical and mechanical properties. The increased loads of calcium chloride caused a striking reduction in mechanical properties and increased water absorption amounts. The best bending strength, modulus of elasticity, IB and minimum thickness swelling were reported in treatment with 4% fibers, 7.5% calcium chloride and type II cement.
