Fardad Golbabaei; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
The major engineering properties of Pinus taeda L. wood growing in different regions of Caspian forests (North of Iran) was determined. Test materials were selected randomly from Pinus teada tree plantation and the test specimens were prepared according to ASTM D-143 standard. Mechanical and physical ...
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The major engineering properties of Pinus taeda L. wood growing in different regions of Caspian forests (North of Iran) was determined. Test materials were selected randomly from Pinus teada tree plantation and the test specimens were prepared according to ASTM D-143 standard. Mechanical and physical properties were measured on both green and air-dried samples (12% moisture content). The results of the measurement were statistically analyzed based on randomized block design and factorial experiment. The influence of specimen locations at different stem heights was examined. Based on the results of this study, statistically significant difference of the measured properties was not observed between the samples collected from different regions. Toughness was not influenced by moisture content, but the compression strength perpendicular to the grain of wet and air-dry specimens was not similar. Mechanical properties of Pinus teada wood grown in Iran is generally of lower quality compare to those in their original habitat.
Amir Eshraghi; Habib alah Khademeslami; Amir Nourbakhsh; Behzad Bazyar; Mohammad Talaeipoor
Abstract
In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, ...
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In this study, aspen chips with OCC (Old Corrugated Container) were used in particleboard production and samples were prepared at two different levels of resin contents (%9 and %10) and three levels of combination:
1- %25 OCC +%75 aspen, 2- %50 OCC + %50 aspen, 3- %75 OCC +%25 aspen. Indeed in this study these two mentioned factors are variable and other factors such as press temperature: 165 ºC, press time: 5 minute, mat moisture %12, board density 0.75 g/cm3 and press pressure 30 kg/cm2 were constant. After the boards were manufactured according to DIN-68763 standard, were undergone different tests such as: bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding strength and thickness swelling after 2 & 24 hours immersion in water. The results indicate that second ratio(%50 OCC and %50 aspen chips) is proper for bending applications and the first ratio(%25 OCC and %75 aspen chips) is proper for tensile and thickness swelling applications. Therefore, applying the OCC more than %50 in manufacturing combination; result in decreasing the physical and mechanical properties. Moreover the results show that when the resin content increases, the board features improve.
Management and Economics wood
Mehdi Modirzarea; Sayed khalil Hosseini hashemi; Amir Nourbakhsh; Vahid Safdari
Abstract
In this study the effect of white and brown-rot fungi on durability and hardness characteristics of Bagasse/Polypropylene composite was evaluated. The test specimens were prepared using Bagasse fibers (38%), Polypropylene (60%), and maleic anhydride (2%) according to respective standard and by hot press ...
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In this study the effect of white and brown-rot fungi on durability and hardness characteristics of Bagasse/Polypropylene composite was evaluated. The test specimens were prepared using Bagasse fibers (38%), Polypropylene (60%), and maleic anhydride (2%) according to respective standard and by hot press method. Then specimens were exposed to white (Coriolus versicolor) and brown-rot (Coniophora puteana) fungi according to BS 838:1961 standard and Kollescale method at 8, 12 and 16 weeks. After that, superficial damage, weight loss, and hardness strength of samples were determined. The results showed that superficial damage of brown-rot fungus was lower than white-rot fungus. The weight loss of white-rotted samples were significantly (P<0.05) higher than brown-rotted one, but the hardness of white-rotted samples was a little higher than brown-rotted one. Totally by increasing of time the severity of decay increased.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate of possibility of MDF production from successful Eucalyptus Species. Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers were produced using different levels of steaming time ( 7.5 and 15 minutes), press temprature (170, 180 and 190 ºC ) and press time (3 and ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate of possibility of MDF production from successful Eucalyptus Species. Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers were produced using different levels of steaming time ( 7.5 and 15 minutes), press temprature (170, 180 and 190 ºC ) and press time (3 and 4 minutes) and used for panel making. Physical and mechanical properties of panels were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that increasing of steaming time, lowered MOR of boards. The press temprature had significant effect on MOR, and with increasing press temprature, MOR increased. Furthermore increasing of steaming time, decreased the IB of boards and increasing steaming time from 7.5 to 15 minutes, decreased IB from 0.787 to 0.533 MPa. Increasing of steaming time, also decreased thickness swelling of boards. However, the results of this study showed that, the MOR and MOE of boards produced from Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers are around standard level. But in other hand, the internal bonding and thickness swelling of boards are higher than level standard.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the use of bagasse fibers as raw material for making laboratory medium density fiberboard (MDF). Effect of treatment (with maleic anhydride and without maleic anhydride) of fibers and the press temperatures (180 ºC , 190 ºC , and 200 ºC) ...
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The goal of this study was to investigate the use of bagasse fibers as raw material for making laboratory medium density fiberboard (MDF). Effect of treatment (with maleic anhydride and without maleic anhydride) of fibers and the press temperatures (180 ºC , 190 ºC , and 200 ºC) on the mechanical and dimensional stability properties of MDF panels were determined. Physical (thickness swelling, water absorption, and swilling in water at ambient temperatures and in steam for 12-216 h.) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength) of the panels were determined according to the procedure of EN standards.This study showed all MDF panels made from bagasse fibers treated with maleic anhydride (MA) at 190 ºC press temperature had the highest values among the other types of specimens for general purpose boards. The thickness swelling and water absorption value with treated bagasse fibers and 190 ºC press temperature were very lower than all MDF panels. Treated bagasse fibers at 190 ºC show a minimum steam absorption. The absorption of steam increase with increase in time from 2 to 120 h in all the six treatments. Beyond 120 h. no additional absorption of steam is found in any of the six MDF boards.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Morteza Khorami; Ahmad amin Khalili tabas; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
Cement board without fibres has low flexural strength and fails in small strain. To solve this problem and enhance other characteristics, the fibres are applied. Asbestos fibres which have individual properties have been used for reinforcing cement composites since the early 20th century. However in ...
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Cement board without fibres has low flexural strength and fails in small strain. To solve this problem and enhance other characteristics, the fibres are applied. Asbestos fibres which have individual properties have been used for reinforcing cement composites since the early 20th century. However in this decade, most countries have been banned the use of asbestos fibres in construction industries, because of its effect on human healthy. Natural fibres are one of the suitable alternatives for cement board production that have a good compatibility with cement matrix. In this research, to recognize the flexural behaviour which is the one of the most important characteristics for cement board, many laboratory samples have been made by three kinds of fibres and tested. These fibres obtained from agricultural wastes such as bagasse, wheat and eucalyptus. The scanning Electronic Microscopic studies were carried out to clarify the microstructures of composites. The results show that among the all types of fibres, bagasse has the most effect on increasing the flexural strength capacity for cement composite boards.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this investigation feasibility of Paulownia tomentosa wood in particleboards production were prepared at four different Combination of 100%,75%,50%,and 25%(base of paulownia) , three different press time of 4,5,and 6 minutes.
Based on the EN standards physical and mechanical properties ...
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In this investigation feasibility of Paulownia tomentosa wood in particleboards production were prepared at four different Combination of 100%,75%,50%,and 25%(base of paulownia) , three different press time of 4,5,and 6 minutes.
Based on the EN standards physical and mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, IB, and thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 immersion in water) were tested.
Based on the factorial experimental design at completely random tests were analyses. The results showed that utilization of paulownia wood in particleboard production in 5 minutes and up to 50% paulownia wood particles were optimized.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In this investigation, the influence of press temperature and press time on MDF properties made from Eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus intertexta sp.) have been studied. Variable factors were steaming time (in two levels: 5 and 10 minutes), press temprature (in two levels: 180 and 190 °C ) and press time ...
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In this investigation, the influence of press temperature and press time on MDF properties made from Eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus intertexta sp.) have been studied. Variable factors were steaming time (in two levels: 5 and 10 minutes), press temprature (in two levels: 180 and 190 °C ) and press time (in three levels: 3, 3.5 and 4 minutes).
The results of this study indicated that the effect of steaming time on MOR had been significant, the highest MOR were obtained 14.62 Mpa in MDF boards that produced in 5 minutes steaming time. Also the MOR of boards were increased with ascending of press temperature. The results also showed that the effect of press temperature on MOE had been significant and MOE of boards were increased with ascending of press temperature.
The results revealed that increasing of steaming time and press time had been negative effect on IB. on the other hand press time had a significant effect on thickness swelling as the minimom of thickness swelling had obtained in 3 minutes press time.
Composite wood products
Homayon Solymani; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
In this investigation, particleboard manufacturing has been offered considering usage of lignocellulosic residues from recision of pomegranate trees in particleboard production using pomegranate and poplar(P.nigra) wood with 4 different combination (1. 100% of pomegranate wood ...
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In this investigation, particleboard manufacturing has been offered considering usage of lignocellulosic residues from recision of pomegranate trees in particleboard production using pomegranate and poplar(P.nigra) wood with 4 different combination (1. 100% of pomegranate wood 2. 75% of pomegranate wood and 25% of poplar wood 3. 50% of pomegranate wood and 50% of poplar wood 4. 100% of poplar wood as the control sample ) and using 2 resin consumption levels UF (10 & 12 %) and 2 press time levels (4&5 min.). According to these factors, 16 combination samples were totally collected and 3 boards from each treatment totally 48 experimental sample boards were made. The result of physical and mechanical properties were analyzed using Randomized Complete Block experimental Design ( RCBD ). The result of this investigation showed that Modulus of Rupture (MOR) in boards has effectively reduced while increasing the press time. On the other hand , resin consumption content and press time have a direct impression on Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elastisity (MOE) in boards so that MOR and MOE decreased while 10% resin consumption and increasing the press time. These results also indicated that MOR and MOE of the boards have increased by adding poplar particles to the wood combination for board production. Indeed, Internal Bonding (IB) of boards has modified while 10% resin consumption and increasing the press time but IB has effectively decreased by 12% resin consumption and increasing the press time. Anyway, all the Internal Bonding average values for boards have been higher than the standard level. The results also showed that Thickness Swelling (TS) of boards has increased by adding poplar particles to the wood combination for board production.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Kazem Dosthosseini; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of production variables on physical and strength properties of air-formed OCC fibers / polymer composites. A combination of 12 treatments of OCC fibers and coupling agents for air-forming were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of the sample were ...
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This study investigated the effects of production variables on physical and strength properties of air-formed OCC fibers / polymer composites. A combination of 12 treatments of OCC fibers and coupling agents for air-forming were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of the sample were analyzed using factorial experimental design with completely randomized and DMRT test is used to classified the averages. The results of this study showed that addition of 70% OCC fibers to the polymers in air forming resulted in composites with higher strengths and modulus of rupture and 55% OCC fibers increased internal bonding, tensile strength and modulus, and lowered thickness swelling. Thickness swelling after 2 h water-soak and mechanical properties were improved by addition 2 and 4 % coupling agent
Composite wood products
Reza Jazayeri; Habib alah Khademi eslam; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In order to survey of possibility of particle board production with «Acacia salicina » the effectiveness of three factor (treatment) included adhesive percentage (in two surface: %9 and %11) temperature degree ( in two surface 1650c and 1750c) pressing time (in three surface: 5/6 and 7 minutes) ...
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In order to survey of possibility of particle board production with «Acacia salicina » the effectiveness of three factor (treatment) included adhesive percentage (in two surface: %9 and %11) temperature degree ( in two surface 1650c and 1750c) pressing time (in three surface: 5/6 and 7 minutes) on mechanical (MOR, MOE, IB) and physical (TS2, TS24) properties were experimented with E.N standard. Therefore 36 boards were prepared for mechanical and physical tests. Data were analyzed with appropriated statistical method. Results indicate %11 adhesive, 1650c temperature degrees and 6 minutes press time is best condition for production. However the results showed more than standard IB (1/24 Mpa ) probably due to its wood chemistry. Therefore this species could be a suitable source to produce particle board
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Kazem Doost hosseini; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The application of regressions models for pridicting physical and mechanical properties of laboratory produced particleboard was studies. In order to study the influence of mat moisture content gradient, particle geometry, press time and temperature, 108 boards were produced.
Regressions model indicated ...
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The application of regressions models for pridicting physical and mechanical properties of laboratory produced particleboard was studies. In order to study the influence of mat moisture content gradient, particle geometry, press time and temperature, 108 boards were produced.
Regressions model indicated that particle geometry significantly influenced board MOR, increasing the slender ratio of particles, improved MOR. Regressions models of MOE indicated that both particle geometry and mat moisture content gradient significantly influenced board MOE, and increasing the slender ratio of particles and mat moisture content gradient, increased MOE. regression model of IB indicated that all of the variables have significantly affected IB. However, in this case, increasing mat moisture content gradient, particle geometry reduced IB and press time and temperature increased IB, moisture content gradient and particle geometry had more effective.
The results indicated that moisture content gradient and press time significantly influenced the regression model of thickness swelling after 24 hours soaking in cold water.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigation the utilization of cotton stalk and Eucalyptus wood (E. Camaldulensis) in particleboard production. Experimental boards were produced with using of 0, 25, 50 and 75% cotton stalk particles with Eucalyptus wood particles, press time at 3, 4 and 5 minutes. ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigation the utilization of cotton stalk and Eucalyptus wood (E. Camaldulensis) in particleboard production. Experimental boards were produced with using of 0, 25, 50 and 75% cotton stalk particles with Eucalyptus wood particles, press time at 3, 4 and 5 minutes. 36 boards were produced and physical & mechanical properties of their tested and analyzed. The results indicated that the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of boards with increasing of cotton stalk particles were modified significantly, and MOR and MOE of boards produced with 75% cotton stalk and 25% of Eucalyptus wood particles were maximum. The results indicated that the internal bonds (IB) of boards with increasing press time were improved and the IB of boards produced at 5 minutes of press time was maximum, in order to the lowest of thickness swelling (T.S) of boards observed in same conditions. However thickness swelling of boards produced with 50 and 75% cotton stalk were higher than other treatments, significantly. The results of this study showed that in conditions that apply of species with high density such as Eucalyptus is unavoidable in particleboard production. Between 50 to 75 percent of wood materials that utilized in particleboard production, can be obtained from cotton stalk and with apply of their in particleboards can be produced particleboards in standard levels.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this research utilization of Poplar Insulation particleboard at two different level of density (0.35, 40, 45 and 50gr/cm3) and press time (2, 3 and 4 min) were considered. Based on the DIN standard physical and mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, IB and thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 immersion ...
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In this research utilization of Poplar Insulation particleboard at two different level of density (0.35, 40, 45 and 50gr/cm3) and press time (2, 3 and 4 min) were considered. Based on the DIN standard physical and mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, IB and thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 immersion in water) were tested. Based on the factorial experimental design at completely random test was analysis. The effect of density from 0.35 to 0.50gr/cm3, MOR, MOE and IB were increased and thickness swelling after two and 24 hours immersion in water were decreased .Moreover the effect of Press time from 2 to 4 min. MOR and MOE increased and at 3 min. IB was increased.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
In this study the effect of resin content and press time of particleboard from Date palm residues, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Tamarix residues and prosopis (Mesquite) producted were investigated in southern of Iran.Variable factors as resin content (9, 10 and 11 percent) and press time (5, 6 and 7 minutes) ...
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In this study the effect of resin content and press time of particleboard from Date palm residues, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Tamarix residues and prosopis (Mesquite) producted were investigated in southern of Iran.Variable factors as resin content (9, 10 and 11 percent) and press time (5, 6 and 7 minutes) and total of 27 boards were fabricated. Other factors such as type of resin (UF), hardener content (2 percent) type of hardener (NH4Cl) press closing time (4.5 mm/sec.), board density (0.7 gr/cm3) press pressure (30 kg/cm2) and press temperature (160 °C)were held constant.All boards were tested according to DIN-68763 standard. The factorial experimental design at completely random test was used. The results of this study could be summarized as follows:Increasing the resin content from 9 to 11 percent, MOE and IE and decreased thickness swelling after two and 24 hours immersion in water. The results revealed that the polymerization of resin and wood is better at 11 percentresincontentand6 minutes of press time.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Kazem Doosthosseini; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
In this investigation, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, mat moisture content gradient at 0,3 and 6%, two press temperature sat 165and 1850 C and two press times at 3 and 5 minutes. 36 sample boards produced and the physical and mechanical properties of those tested.The results ...
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In this investigation, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, mat moisture content gradient at 0,3 and 6%, two press temperature sat 165and 1850 C and two press times at 3 and 5 minutes. 36 sample boards produced and the physical and mechanical properties of those tested.The results indicated that mat moisture content gradient had significantly effected on modified of modulus of elasticity of boards, and with increasing mat moisture content gradient, the MOE of boards increased. Also in 0% mat moisture content gradient, increasing of press time, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity decreased. However with increasing mat moisture content gradient, increasing of press time caused of these properties modified.On the other hand an inverse relationship observed between mat moisture content gradient and internal bond of boards that due to of negative effect of increasing of vapor pressure were on resin bond quality in middle layer. But with increasing press time from 3 to 5 minutes, the internal bond of boards increased. The results of thickness swelling measurement indicated that with increasing mat moisture content gradient, the thickness swelling of boards increased. However, when press time increased, the thickness swelling of boards decreased.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Kazem Doosthosseini; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Mazyar Radkyan
Abstract
In this investigation feasibility of Beech slabs in particleboards production were prepared at three different contents resin of 9, 10, and 11 percent, press temperatures of 165°C and 175°C and hardener contents of 1.5 and 2.5 percent.Based on the DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties ...
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In this investigation feasibility of Beech slabs in particleboards production were prepared at three different contents resin of 9, 10, and 11 percent, press temperatures of 165°C and 175°C and hardener contents of 1.5 and 2.5 percent.Based on the DIN-68763 standard physical and mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, IB, and thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 immersion in water) were tested.According to the factorial experimental design at completely random test was analysis. The potential utilization of Beech slabs residues in particleboard production including: resin content (11%), press time (6 min.), press temp. (175°C), and hardener contents (2.5%) were found.
Composite wood products
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Amir Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of grape lignocellulosic pruning as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing. Experimental boards were produced with using grape wood particles, resin content (UF resin) at 10 and 12% and press time at 5 and 6 minutes. 18 samples boards were ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of grape lignocellulosic pruning as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing. Experimental boards were produced with using grape wood particles, resin content (UF resin) at 10 and 12% and press time at 5 and 6 minutes. 18 samples boards were produced and tested.The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of all boards modified significantly with increasing resin content. However MOR and MOE increased with increasing press time; but MOR and MOE of boards at 5 and 6 minutes of press time had not significantly different.The results of this study showed that resin content and press time had a linear relationship with internal bonding (IB) of boards. The highest IB amount achieved under condition of resin content at 12% and press time at 6 minutes. Nevertheless IB of all boards were higher than DIN standard .The suitable IB of boards caused that thickness swelling (T.S) of boards after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water were as good as standard level. However the minimum T.S of boards observed in boards with 12% resin content.The results of this study showed that grape pruning residues can be utilized as a suitable lignocellulosic raw material in particleboard industries. Also in order to achieve better mechanical and mechanical properties of boards, using poplar wood with grape residues special with 10% resin cotent consumption could be recommende
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Shahrokh Falahdoost
Abstract
Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky L.) is one of the most important broadleaf species in the Caspian Forests of Iran. The wood of Beech is highly appreciated in domestic wood industries especially furniture industry. In this study which is a part of the extensive surveying project of the main wood engineering ...
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Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky L.) is one of the most important broadleaf species in the Caspian Forests of Iran. The wood of Beech is highly appreciated in domestic wood industries especially furniture industry. In this study which is a part of the extensive surveying project of the main wood engineering properties of Iranian woods, the natural variations of strength and related properties of three trees of about 75 years old from Sangdeh Forests in Mazandran province were investigated.The properties were determined from tests on small clear specimens in the green and dry conditions following the ASTM Standard. The mechanical and physical properties studied include: stress at elastic limits, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear parallel to grain, maximum crushing strength, fiber stress at proportional limit and modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to grain; compression perpendicular to grain and specific gravity.The results of statistical analysis showed that the mechanical strength of the wood was found to be affected by percentage of moisture conten of wood specimens, height of sample tree and to some extend by geographical; direction.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Taghi Tabarsa; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
Laminated veneer lumber (L. V. L) manufactured from Maple and Alder wood is investigated. Three levels of layer thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4mm. were investigated. Bending strength (MOR and MOE), CompressionThe results of this investigation indicated that laminated wood strength of samples produced from ...
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Laminated veneer lumber (L. V. L) manufactured from Maple and Alder wood is investigated. Three levels of layer thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4mm. were investigated. Bending strength (MOR and MOE), CompressionThe results of this investigation indicated that laminated wood strength of samples produced from Alder layers are superior to Maple. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the effect of wood species on strength properties was significantly different at 99% level. Layer thicknesses also showed significant effect on strength increasing layer thicknesses from 2 to 4 mm. caused a reduction on MOE and improved impact properties.The results of this investigation also showed that Alder layers at 4 mm. Is superior to Maple layers in impact properties.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Fardad Golbabaei; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abbas Fakhryan roghani; Shahrokh Falahdoost
Abstract
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus L.) grown at two different elevations of Golestan Forests located in the north east of Caspian Sea were investigated based on the ASTM Standard.Selected trees were cut from two different elevations, at different heights ...
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In this study physical and mechanical properties of Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus L.) grown at two different elevations of Golestan Forests located in the north east of Caspian Sea were investigated based on the ASTM Standard.Selected trees were cut from two different elevations, at different heights in the trunk, at 4 different geographical directions of the trunk and also 2 different moisture contents.The results of statistical analysis showed that properties of Hornbeam wood from this region were influenced by elevations and to the lessees extend by geographical direction of wood specimens and tree heights.
Composite wood products
Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Fardad Golbabaei; Morteza Nazeryan
Abstract
Decreasing availability of raw material for Iranian wood industries and the need to conserve our limited natural forests initiated research concerning the utilization of fast-growing species in particleboard production. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of particleboard production ...
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Decreasing availability of raw material for Iranian wood industries and the need to conserve our limited natural forests initiated research concerning the utilization of fast-growing species in particleboard production. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of particleboard production from wood of two- year- old coppices of 17 experimental populus clones grown under intensive culture in the "Alborz Research Center" near Tehran. The furnish contained mixture of stem and branch wood with bark used to make 51 sample boards (3 board from each clone). Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), thickness swelling and water absorption of the specimens were tested. The results indicate that sample boards made from Populus euramericana costanzo and populus euramericana 561.41 had significantly the highest MOR and MOE. But there was no significant differences in the internal bonding strength between different clones, while, those sample boards made from populus nigra betulifolia and Populus nigra nivea showed significantly the lowest percentages of thickness swelling. The average physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard samples produced from two- year- old coppices of poplar clones compared favourably to boards made from natural grown beech wood. Therefore, using UF resin, particleboard with acceptable quality particleboards can be produced from two- year- old poplar clones.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Bohuslav V.Kokta; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Jahan latibari; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) addition as a coupling agent at four levels and also the type of cellulosic materials as a reinforcing component on processing and mechanical properties of modified Populus deltoides fiber and flour/ polypropylene composites.The ...
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This study investigates the effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) addition as a coupling agent at four levels and also the type of cellulosic materials as a reinforcing component on processing and mechanical properties of modified Populus deltoides fiber and flour/ polypropylene composites.The results indicate that the interfacial bond between reinforcing-fiber/ flour and the matrix show great influence on the mechanical properties of composites. Furthermore it has been demonstrated that the addition of coupling agent during processing significantly improves the mechanical properties of fiber/ flour polypropylene composites. The results of this investigation indicates that the highest the mechanical properties of composites are as follow; The mechanical properties of the poplar fiber with 2% MAPP is higher than poplar flour without MAPP, which proves that the addition of functional group C=O acts as a good bonding agent. The notched Impact Izod strength value of poplar fiber with 2% MAPP is less than pure PP. But it is higher than other treatments. The results indicate that the interfacial bond between reinforcing fibers and flour with polymer matrix modified MAPP play a significant role in improving the measured mechanical properties of the composites.
Abolfazl Kargarfard; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Fardad Golbabaei; Reza Hajihassani
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of processing variables such as particle drying temperature, press temperature and hardner consumption on wood acidity and bonding performance of UF resin, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, drying temperature varied at 80, 110 and 140°C, ...
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In order to investigate the influence of processing variables such as particle drying temperature, press temperature and hardner consumption on wood acidity and bonding performance of UF resin, experimental boards were produced using beech wood particle, drying temperature varied at 80, 110 and 140°C, press temperature at 150, 165 and 180°C and hardner consumption at 1, 1.5 and 2% (based on solid content of UP resin). Eighty one sample boards were produced and tested. The results of physical and mechanical properties measurements were as follows: Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of boards produced with particles dried at 80°C were higher than 110 and 140°C. Application of 2% hardener with increasing press temperature decreased MOR and MOE. Internal bonding of boards were measured and the results indicated that drying temperature had significantly effected the IB and boards produced with particles dried at 80 and 140°C, produced highest IE and lowest IE was belong to 110°C. The effect of hardner consumption was statistically significant and the highest IB was belonging to 2% hardner consumption. The results of thickness swelling measurement after 2 hr. soaking in water indicated that T.S2 of boards produced with particles dried at 140°C were the lowest. The combined effect of press temperature and hardner consumption on T.S2 was statistically significant and at 2% hardner consumption with increasing press temperature, increased thickness swelling.
Physics and Mechanical Wood
Fardad Golbabaei; Abdolrahman Hosseinzadeh; Amir Nourbakhsh; Hossein Hosseinkhani; Abbas Fakhryan roghani
Abstract
In this study physical and mechanical properties of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) grown at three different elevations of Asalem Forests located at the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 3 different elevations, at different height of trees, ...
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In this study physical and mechanical properties of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) grown at three different elevations of Asalem Forests located at the north west of Gilan were investigated following the ASTM Standard. Sample trees were selected from 3 different elevations, at different height of trees, at 4 different geographical directions of the stems and 2 different moisture contents.The results of statistical analysis revealed that properties of Hornbeam wood from this region was influenced by elevations and to the lessees extend to geographical direction of wood specimens and tree height.
