Ali Hasanpoor tichi; Hadi Gholamiyan
Abstract
In this study , Effect of nano cellulose Fiber gel bacteria as reinforcer on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been studied. Nano variable factors in three levels (0, 1 and 3 % by weight of cement), the mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic ...
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In this study , Effect of nano cellulose Fiber gel bacteria as reinforcer on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been studied. Nano variable factors in three levels (0, 1 and 3 % by weight of cement), the mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic material with Portland cement, in three levels (90:10, 80:20, 70:30%) was equal to the dry weight of cement. The target density 1.1 g/cm3 and 5% calcium chloride for all treatments were considered as Fixed factors. The mechanical and physical properties of composites includes modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, thickness swelling after 2 h and 24 h immersion in water and density of boards were measured according to the standard DIN-EN-634. In this study, to investigate the morphological properties of composites and how to distribute Nano, microscopic images (SEM) were taken from the broken cross-section of the samples. The results showed that boards made with nano fiber cellulose had more modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding. The results also showed that with increasing nano, density, dimensional stability of the boards and heat hydration of cement mortar increased. The results from microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that cellulose nanofiber can fill the pores of the composite and create a uniform structure, thus improved the strength of the boards.
Majid Salehi; Mohammad Talaei poor; Habibollah Khademi Eslam; Behzad Bazyar
Abstract
The use of various pretreatments, including the torrefaction process, in order to increase the efficiency and optimize the consumption of fuel briquettes, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Therefore, in this research, torrefaction pretreatment at 180 ºC temperature was used to modify ...
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The use of various pretreatments, including the torrefaction process, in order to increase the efficiency and optimize the consumption of fuel briquettes, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Therefore, in this research, torrefaction pretreatment at 180 ºC temperature was used to modify bagasse biomass. In addition, lignin binding agent was used at levels of 2, 5 and 10%. Fuel briquettes weighing 30 grams were prepared using a manual briquetting machine. The physical, resistance and thermal characteristics of the resulting briquettes were investigated. The results showed that torrefaction pre-treatment by increasing the volumetric density of the resulting briquettes and increasing the amount of fixed carbon up to about 50% was able to increase the heating value of the briquettes up to about 10%, on the other hand, this process led to a decrease in the compressive strength of the resulting briquettes, which is used lignin as a binding agent could compensate a significant amount of this resistance drop. The results showed that the number of volatile substances of briquettes was reduced by 9% with torrefaction pre-treatment, which has a significant effect on reducing the pollution of these briquettes. In the study of the effect of lignin, it was also observed that with the increase in the consumption of lignin, the density and calorific value also increased. In general, the results of this research show that the use of lignin binding agent together with torrefaction pre-treatment can make possible the production of high-quality fuel briquettes from bagasse.
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard; Reza Hajihassani; Saman Ghahri; Fardad Golbabaei
Abstract
In this study, the resistance properties of nanocomposite plastic wood produced using 5 levels of cellulosic wastes (bagasse, corn stalk, rice stalk, sunflower stem and canola stem), three levels of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano silica, nanoclay) ) And urban polymer wastes (PP polypropylene and ...
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In this study, the resistance properties of nanocomposite plastic wood produced using 5 levels of cellulosic wastes (bagasse, corn stalk, rice stalk, sunflower stem and canola stem), three levels of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano silica, nanoclay) ) And urban polymer wastes (PP polypropylene and HDPE heavy polyethylene, etc.) were investigated. In order to chemically bind the wood / polymer fiber composites, chemicals and reinforcers (pairing agents) have been used due to the hydrophilic properties of cellulose fibers and plastic drainage. Extruders and hot presses were used to study the mechanical properties and bonding of composites. The results showed that the use of HDPE heavy polymer wastes increased tensile strength, flexural modulus and impact resistance to polypropylene wastes. Regarding the use of agricultural wastes and wastes in the construction of wood-plastic composites, in general, the results have shown that the addition of agricultural waste wastes in several types of plastic wood has significantly improved the bending and tensile properties. Among them, the bagasse stem has a significant advantage over other lignosullose materials. The use of polymer waste and agricultural waste using nano-silica has shown the best results of resistances. In general, the results have shown that the use of agricultural fiber wastes as reinforcers in plastic wood polymers have the expected mechanical properties.
Masoudreza Habibi; Saeed Mahdavi; Vahid Pezeshki; Farshid Niromand; Hossein Familian
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Bagasse alkaline treatment (hydroxide sodium) on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) properties. For this purpose, wet depitted and storage bagasse was used. Cooking process was done for fibers preraring in 10 liters digester. Liqure to bagasse ratio ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Bagasse alkaline treatment (hydroxide sodium) on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) properties. For this purpose, wet depitted and storage bagasse was used. Cooking process was done for fibers preraring in 10 liters digester. Liqure to bagasse ratio was 10 to 1. Hydroxide sodium content was 0%, 4% and 5% based on oven dry weigth of bagasse. Cooking time and temperature were 5 min and 170 centigrade respectively. Fiber slides were obtained by using optical microscope. Chemical components such as holocelloulose and lignin contents were determined. Liqures pH was mesearued before and after cooking. Urea formaldehyde resin was used for MDF producing. Resin content was 12% based on oven dried bagasse. Bending properties (MOR & MOE), internal bonding and thickness swelling of the boards were determined based on EN-310, EN-319 and EN-317 respectively. The results showed that when using 4% alkaline treatment, were seen the minimum fibers cutting and crusing. With increasing of hydroxide sodium content, lignin content decreased and holocelloulose increased. Bulk density increased when increasing hydroxide sodium content. The maximum MOR, MOE and internal bonding of the boards were obtained in 4% hydroxide sodium content. Also thickness swelling of the boards was minimum.
Yahya Hamzeh; Shayan Barzagar; Sahab Hadjazi; Soheila Izadyar
Abstract
Mineral fillers are the second most important elements used in papermaking. Increasing filler content in writing and printing papers without decreasing the mechanical properties is always desired for enhancing the optical and printing properties and cost effective papermaking process. In this study, ...
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Mineral fillers are the second most important elements used in papermaking. Increasing filler content in writing and printing papers without decreasing the mechanical properties is always desired for enhancing the optical and printing properties and cost effective papermaking process. In this study, to increase the filler content in paper, calcium silicate was loaded by in situ precipitation on bleached bagasse fibers. The effect of reaction temperature on the loading and precipitation of calcium silicate on fibers was investigated using ash content measurement, XRD spectroscopy, SEM imaging and EDX analysis. Finally, the effect of treated pulp content on the physical and mechanical properties of pulp was investigated. Ash measurement results showed that calcium silicate precipitation in bleached bagasse fibers was achieved and the amount of calcium silicate loading increased with increasing the reaction temperature. XRD spectroscopy confirmed the formation of calcium silicate and calcium carbonate, and their precipitation in cell walls, lumen and interior spaces of the bleached bagasse fibers was confirmed by SEM imaging. The precipitated minerals on the fiber surface consisted of particles with various diameters. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of silica and calcium in the treated fibers. With the constant basis weight of 80 g/m2, brightness and apparent density increased significantly, however the paper strength decreased by increasing the content of treated fibers in handsheet paper.
Saeed Mahdavi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to solve the environmental problems caused after the bleaching of bagasse pulp by hypochlorite sodium in Pars paper mill. For this purpose, ECF bleaching method was used by performing OQPDEP sequence. The properties of bleached paper were compared to the bagasse unbleached paper ...
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The aim of this study was to solve the environmental problems caused after the bleaching of bagasse pulp by hypochlorite sodium in Pars paper mill. For this purpose, ECF bleaching method was used by performing OQPDEP sequence. The properties of bleached paper were compared to the bagasse unbleached paper as control and some paper properties that made from bagasse bleached pulp by EH sequence in Pars paper mill. The results showed that increasing the bleaching time of bagasse pulp from 30 to 120 minutes by oxygen had no significant effect on paper brightness, but paper density, burst and tear indices decreased. Pulp bleaching by O1QP3D(EP) sequence compared to bagasse unbleached paper led to the paper brightness of about 75% ISO that is about 5% ISO more than the Pars commercial bleached paper. Paper strengths were similar to Pars commercial paper made of soda bagasse and the national standard of Iran (ISIRI 4120). Soda pulp bleaching using O1QP3D(EP) sequence has led to acceptable physical, optical and mechanical properties in addition to environmental benefits such as reduce pollution. So, it is recommended to replace the current bleaching method of Pars paper mill by the mentioned sequence.
Ai Hasanpoor tichi; Fardad Golbabaei; Habibollah Khademi Eslam
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nano-wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and gypsum was investigated. The mixing ratio of sugarcane to gypsum pulp at three levels (80:20, 70: 30 and 40: 60%) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of zero, 3 and ...
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In this study, the effect of nano-wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and gypsum was investigated. The mixing ratio of sugarcane to gypsum pulp at three levels (80:20, 70: 30 and 40: 60%) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of zero, 3 and 7% were considered as the variables of this study. The thickness of the test boards was 16 mm cake density of all boards was considered to be 1.10 gr/cm3. Then the mechanical and physical properties of the specimens including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours immersion and density of boards according to DIN-EN-634 and fire resistance (weight loss percentage) according to ISO 11925 Were measured. In this study, a thermocouple and a flask were used to measure the hydration heat. Microscopic images (SEM) were obtained from the fracture surface of the specimens to investigate the common boundary between bagasse-gypsum and nano-dispersion. The results showed that with increasing bagasse mixing, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding decreased and water absorption and weight loss percentage of boards exposed to fire increased. Application of nano-wollastonite up to 7% improved all mechanical and physical properties of composites. Also, microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that the optimum level of nano-wollastonite can fill vacant voids due to gypsum hydration and create a uniform structure.
Composite wood products
ali hasanpoor tichi; Fardad Golbabaei; hadi Ghasemi; mojtaba rezanezhad
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nano gel wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been investigated. The mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic material with Portland cement at three levels (15:85, 25: 75 and 35: 65%) and nano-wollastonite ...
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In this study, the effect of nano gel wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of composites made of bagasse and cement has been investigated. The mixing ratio of bagasse as lignocellulosic material with Portland cement at three levels (15:85, 25: 75 and 35: 65%) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of 0, 3 and 7% were considered as the variables of this study. The cake density of all boards were 1.1 g / cm3 and calcium chloride booster 5% for all treatments were considered as constant factors. Mechanical and physical properties of the specimens include modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 soaking hours in water and density of boards according to DIN-EN-634 and fire resistance (weight loss percentage) according to standard ISO-11925 were measured. In this study, the hydration temperature of a mixture of cement, bagasse and nano-wollastonite was measured using a thermocouple and flux. Also, microscopic images (SEM) of samples were prepared to investigate the morphological properties of composites and their distribution. The results showed that by increasing the amount of nano-wollastonite, the percentage of weight loss boards decreased, the heat of hydration and the physical and mechanical properties improved. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding of boards decreased with increasing bagasse content and the maximum value was obtained using 15% bagasse. The results also showed that with increasing bagasse content in boards, there was a significant increase in thickness swelling of boards. Inference from microscopic imaging (SEM) showed that the optimum level of nano-wollastonite can fill the empty holes and create a uniform structure and thus improve the properties of the boards.
Pulp and paper
Kajal Moradian Gilan; Sahab Hedjazi; Ali Abdulkhani; Herbert Sixta
Abstract
In this research, the effect of hot water and alkaline pre-extractions on properties of bagasse monoethanolamine-AQ pulps was investigated and the results were compared with that of soda pulping. The pre-extraction with alkaline charge of 10%, time of 30 min resulted in total yield and holocellulose ...
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In this research, the effect of hot water and alkaline pre-extractions on properties of bagasse monoethanolamine-AQ pulps was investigated and the results were compared with that of soda pulping. The pre-extraction with alkaline charge of 10%, time of 30 min resulted in total yield and holocellulose of 94.7% and 71.6%, respectively. The hot water pre-extraction with L/W of 10/1 and time of 45min lead to total yield and hollocellulose of 94% and 69.4%, respectively. These trails were selected as the optimum conditions. Monoethanolamine was used as pure and also in different proportions with water for cooking unextracted and pre-extracted bagasse. Variables in monoethanoleamine pulpng were ratio of monoethanolamine to water at three levels (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50%) and the ratio of the liquor to bagasse of 6 to 1, cooking time of 60 min, the temperature of 165°C and AQ charge of 0.1% considered as constant. According to the results, the MEA-AQ pulps produced with MEA/H2O ratio of 75/25 (from unextracted bagasse) have the highest total yield (61.9 %) and the acceptable kappa number (19.5). Pre-extraction resulted in improving of the yield in both MEA-AQ and soda pulping processes. After pre-extraction, the tensile index and breaking length of pulps dropped. In contrast, the tear index of pulps produced from pre-extracted bagasse in both pulping processes was increased. The brightness of soda pulps from un- and pre-extracted bagasse was more than that of MEA-AQ pulps. After pre-extraction, the opacity of pulps remains almost unchanged.
Chemistry of wood
alireza ziapour; Abbas Zare
Abstract
Chemical and biological treatment of dye- containing wastewaters is difficult due to the low adsorption level and chemical stability of dyes. Activated carbon is usually used for adsorption of these materials, but because of high prices and restore problems, researchers trying to find available low-cost ...
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Chemical and biological treatment of dye- containing wastewaters is difficult due to the low adsorption level and chemical stability of dyes. Activated carbon is usually used for adsorption of these materials, but because of high prices and restore problems, researchers trying to find available low-cost materials with high adsorption. In this study, bagasse was used for adsorption of Remzol Black B dye and its capability was examined. Variables were concentration, temperature, pH and contact time, and the degree of adsorption was examined in different situations. Then, adsorption isotherm according to Langmuir and Freundlich models was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency depends more on pH of solution and less on temperature of the solution. Maximum adsorption of Remzol Black B dye by bagasse occurred in the first 15 minutes of contact. The study of adsorption isotherm showed that both models are suitable for description of adsorption of Remzol Black B dye by bagasse. Maximum adsorption of Remzol Black B dye by bagasse was calculated as 7.51 mg/g. Results of this study showed that bagasse could be used as a low-cost bio adsorbent for the adsorption of Remzol Black B from aqueous solution.
Chemical conversion
alireza ziapour; Abbas Zare; Mohammad Bakhshi
Abstract
Chemical and biological treatment of dye- containing wastewaters is difficult due to the low adsorption level and chemical stability of dyes. Activated carbon is usually used for adsorption of these materials, but because of high prices and restore problems, researchers trying to find available low-cost ...
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Chemical and biological treatment of dye- containing wastewaters is difficult due to the low adsorption level and chemical stability of dyes. Activated carbon is usually used for adsorption of these materials, but because of high prices and restore problems, researchers trying to find available low-cost materials with high adsorption. In this study, bagasse was used for adsorption of Acid Grange7 dye and its capability was examined. Variables were concentration, temperature, pH and contact time, and the degree of adsorption was examined in different situations. Then, adsorption isotherm according to Langmuir and Freundlich models was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency depends more on pH of solution and less on temperature of the solution. Maximum adsorption of Acid Orange7 dye by bagasse occurred in the first 15 minutes of contact. The study of adsorption isotherm showed that both models are suitable for description of adsorption of Acid Orange7 dye by bagasse. Maximum adsorption of Acid Orange7 dye by bagasse was calculated as 18.56 mg/g. Results of this study showed that bagasse could be used as a low-cost bio adsorbent for the adsorption of Acid Orange7 from aqueous solution.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Vaysi; Ali reza Bagheri
Abstract
The objective of this research was accomplished on the effects of total chlorine free (TCF) and elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulps. For this purpose, some unbleached bagasse soda pulps were randomly selected from Ahvaz Pars industry. Then ...
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The objective of this research was accomplished on the effects of total chlorine free (TCF) and elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulps. For this purpose, some unbleached bagasse soda pulps were randomly selected from Ahvaz Pars industry. Then these pulps were bleached with one, two and three P, OP, OPY, O(Ep)P, EHP and O(Ep)H bleaching stages by using oxygen(O) hydrogen peroxide(P), alkali extraction with hydrogen peroxide(Ep), sodium hypochlorite(H) and sodium dithionite(Y). The hand sheets with 70 gr/m2 were prepared from above-mentioned of pulps, and then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI standard test methods. The results showed that brightness, greenness, tear (except EHP stages), tensile, burst, breaking length strengths and folds were increased and opacity and a* factor were decreased by ECF and TCF bleaching stages. The effects of TCF bleaching stages were more sensible than ECF bleaching stages in improve of bagasse soda properties, too. In general, role of three OPY and O(Ep)H stages and two OP bleaching stages were better than EH(control) stage and unbleached bagasse soda pulps mill in improve of brightness and its paper strengths, too.
Management and Economics wood
Mysam Khalilian Shalamzari; Mahammad ali Sadat nia; Hamid reza Pirayesh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of natural weathering induced by critical climate conditions on quality of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic material in Pars factory. The experimental samples selected from fresh and also stored bagasse for durations of 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of natural weathering induced by critical climate conditions on quality of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic material in Pars factory. The experimental samples selected from fresh and also stored bagasse for durations of 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years, were used. The mechanical and the chemical properties as well the color variations were measured on taken samples. The results showed that the long storage durations of bagasse significantly decreased the quality of row materials observed in hand sheet tensile and fold strengths. The results illustrated that the amount of Lignin and extractives increased (44 % in lignin and 32% in extractives amount respectively) and also decrease in amount of cellulose and hemicellulose was found (10% for cellulose and 43% for hemicellulose) during 5 years storage in yard. According to the results, there was an obvious difference in L and a color index of 5 years old bagasse in comparing with those of fresh bagasse. Finally it can be drawn that the use of discorded and weathered bagasse could cause the loss in the final products quality which means more chemical treatment for bleaching and more using long fiber in paper making process.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Veisi; Rabi Behroz; Iman Khajeh Ali
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of ECF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulp. For this purpose, some soda unbleached pulps were randomly selected from Pars mill. Then these pulps were bleached with OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages by oxygen, chlorine dioxide ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on the effect of ECF bleaching on optical and mechanical properties of bagasse soda pulp. For this purpose, some soda unbleached pulps were randomly selected from Pars mill. Then these pulps were bleached with OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages by oxygen, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The hand sheets with 60 gr/m2 were prepared from soda unbleached and bleached from EH(control), OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D stages pulps, then the optical and mechanical properties were measured and compared according by using TAPPI Standard test methods. The results showed that residual lignin and kappa number decreased following above-mentioned of bleaching stages. The brightness, greenness and K/S ratio were increased in bagasse soda pulps by bleaching. In different treatments, the brightness, opacity, absorbance coefficient, burst, breaking length, tensile, tear strength sensible increased in OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D as compared with EH (control) mill bleaching stages. In general, first OD(Ep)P stage, then OD(Ep)D were better than EH (control) mill stage in more of were measured properties.
Management and Economics wood
Mehdi Jonobi; Shabo Salehpoor; zhreh Araaznia; Yahya Hamzeh
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage time on the color and chemical compounds of bagasse particleboard made. For this purpose, the three levels of stored and fresh bagasse from karoon particleboard Company were used. In addition, the chemical compositions ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage time on the color and chemical compounds of bagasse particleboard made. For this purpose, the three levels of stored and fresh bagasse from karoon particleboard Company were used. In addition, the chemical compositions were determined according to the TAPPI test methods and also biometrical (slenderness ratio) was done using the fiber dimension measured by Franklin method. The results showed that the amount of lignin was different in the stored samples at three levels, but the difference in the amount of cellulose and extractive was not observed. The results illustrated that the color changes in the stored bagasse were more than fresh sample. Identification of the microorganisms in stored samples was done and results showed that most of microorganisms were bacteria and yeast. The results showed that the storage time can significantly effect the color and physical properties of stored bagasse.
Pulp and paper
Ramin Veisi; Iman Khajeh ali
Abstract
This study and it aim was accomplished on extraction, identification and removal of metallic ions and resins in bleached Bagass pulp by ECF stages. For this purpose, the samples were randomly selected from soda unbleached pulp of Pars mill. The first, pulp flour provided and measured ash and extractive ...
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This study and it aim was accomplished on extraction, identification and removal of metallic ions and resins in bleached Bagass pulp by ECF stages. For this purpose, the samples were randomly selected from soda unbleached pulp of Pars mill. The first, pulp flour provided and measured ash and extractive percent by the TAPPI standards. Then the mineral compounds dissolved in 65% nitric acid and the mineral compounds of pulps identificated by Atomic adsorption method. The results of this study showed that the most of Pb, Cu, Zn ions were in H2O2 bleached pulp, the most of Ni ion in OD(Ep)P stage and the most of Fe ion in unbleached soda pulp. The results showed that OD(Ep)D stage decrease Fe ion and EH stage decrease Ni, Cu and Zn ions in pulps. The results of GC-MS diagram showed that 35 compounds were identified in unbleached soda pulp after cooking, that 1,2-Benzendicarboxylic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecan, Octadecan, p-Xylene, 4-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Pantanone,Ethylbenzen and Dodecan were important chemical components in samples. In generally, 17,12 and 14 compounds were identified in EH, OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D bleaching stages, respectively, so that, 1,2-Benzendicarboxylic acid and p-Xylene were 2 common and important chemical components in all samples and Octadecan and 9-Dodecanoic acid remove as two components from pulps after bleaching, too. The results showed that EH, OD(Ep)P and OD(Ep)D bleaching stages were very important in bleaching, removal of chemical components and brightness stability of soda pulps.
Composite wood products
Amir Nourbakhsh; Abolfazl Kargarfard
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to study the potential of bagasse fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of three grades (Eastman G-3003, G-3015 and G-3216) of coupling agents on the mechanical properties were also studied. In the sample preparation, ...
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The main objective of this research was to study the potential of bagasse fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of three grades (Eastman G-3003, G-3015 and G-3216) of coupling agents on the mechanical properties were also studied. In the sample preparation, one level of fiber loading (40 wt.%) and three levels of coupling agent content (0, 2 and 4 wt.%) were used. For overall trend, with addition of three grades of the coupling agents, tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composites significantly improved, as compared with untreated samples. In addition, morphological study (SEM) revealed that the positive effect of coupling agent on interfacial bonding. The composites treated with G-3216 gave better results in comparison with G-3003 and G-3015 in which, There are some voids where the fibers have been pulled-out. The presence of these voids means that the interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix polymer is weak. This could be caused by the high melt viscosity of G-3216 Coupling agent.
Pulp and paper
vida haji Aghaei; Seeyed Ahmad Mirshokraie; Tayyebe partovi
Abstract
In this study, the structure of Soda (soluble fraction in ethanol) and Dioxane lignins of bagasse were studied by using derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) method and some techniques including gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 13C-nuclear magnetic ...
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In this study, the structure of Soda (soluble fraction in ethanol) and Dioxane lignins of bagasse were studied by using derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) method and some techniques including gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the results were compared. These comparative results show that the main monomeric compounds are obtained from the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds of lignins. The components obtained from Dioxane lignin and Soda lignin are guaiacyl, syringyl and p-hydroxyphenyl structures with different proportions. However, some differences have been observed in both lignins, including a variety of structural units in Dioxane lignin is greater than Soda lignin. In other words, soda lignin degradation and the structural components has become closer together and are more uniform structures. The average molecular weight of Dioxane lignin, is greater than Soda lignin, which is due to Soda lignin wide chemical degradation during industrial pulping processes and therefore it has less dense structure. These observations indicate that a mild method for lignin separation from a lignocellulosic material caused less damage and changes in lignin structure. Therefore, in structural studies, Dioxane lignin can actually be used as an appropriate representative of the lignin.
Composite wood products
Morteza Nazeryan; Amin Dalirzadeh; Saeid reza Farokhpayam
Abstract
The effect of old corrugated container (OCC) powder as Urea Formaldehyde resin (UF) filler on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) prepared from bagasse fibers and waste MDF was investigated. The variables in this research were the ratio of UF resin powder to OCC (at five levels; 100:0, ...
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The effect of old corrugated container (OCC) powder as Urea Formaldehyde resin (UF) filler on the properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) prepared from bagasse fibers and waste MDF was investigated. The variables in this research were the ratio of UF resin powder to OCC (at five levels; 100:0, 5/5:1/98, 97:3, 5/5:4/95, and 94:6) and the ratio of bagasse fibers to waste MDF at five level; 100:0, 98:2, 96:4, 94:6 and 92:8).The constant variable in all treatments were 6 mm/min. press closing time and 150°Cpress temperature. Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA) after 24h, modulus of elasticity (MOR), modulus of rupture (MOE) and internal bonding (IB)) of panels were measured according to EN standard and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that OCC powder and MDF waste had significant effect on the bending strength and modulus of elasticity. An increase in OCC improved the internal bonding (IB) while IB was reduced by increasing of MDF waste. Minimum water absorption was found in panels with the maximum waste MDF. This means that the panels with 8 percent waste MDF had the least water absorption. Moreover, the panels with highest content of waste MDF had the least thickness swelling. No significant difference was found between the effects of various OCC powder content on the physical.
Mohammad Alishahi; Omid Ramezani; Hossein Kermanian; Mehdi Rahmani nia; Seid Atefeh Nasiri; Sahar Jalalvand
Abstract
In this research, the influence of paper drying condition, as one of the most important variable in paper recycling, on the characteristics of fibers was studied. In this respect, bagasse soda pulp was collected from Pars Paper mill in Khozestan province and handsheets were made. The control hand sheet ...
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In this research, the influence of paper drying condition, as one of the most important variable in paper recycling, on the characteristics of fibers was studied. In this respect, bagasse soda pulp was collected from Pars Paper mill in Khozestan province and handsheets were made. The control hand sheet samples were dried at room temperature and the rest of the handsheets were dried using drum dryer set at 60° C for 3 hours, 100° C for 50 minutes and 120° C for 25 minutes to reach the same moisture content as the sheets dried at room temperature. Then, these handsheets were slushed in water and the pulp properties were determined. The results showed that with increasing the drying temperature, cellulose content did not change while hemicelluloses were reduced. Although the assessment of changing the lignin content with micro kappa method showed an increasing trend, but based on previous literature, it was concluded that the result are not justified. Also, the results indicated that changing the degree of polymerization and crystallinity did not show a consistent trend, showing initial reduction following by increased values. These results were attributed to interaction effect of drying temperature and time.
Ramin Farsi; Ahmad Mirshokraee
Abstract
The conversion of biomass into biofuels which is a blend of alcohols and phenolic compounds has received significant attention in most countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the pyrolysis oil products from Oak, Poplar woods, and Bagasse produced in a fixed bed ...
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The conversion of biomass into biofuels which is a blend of alcohols and phenolic compounds has received significant attention in most countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the pyrolysis oil products from Oak, Poplar woods, and Bagasse produced in a fixed bed reactor at temperature of 573 oK. Identification of compounds in the extracted liquids was accomplished through making derivatives using GC - MS spectroscopy. Main compounds identified in our experiments comprised 1 - Phenanthrene carboxylic acid from oak wood, 1, 2 - benzene di carbocyclic acid base (2 – ethyl hexyl) ester from poplar wood, and Levoglucosan from bagasse at the levels of 42, 50 and 27 wt% of the reaction products, respectively.
kezhal Moradyan Gilan; Mohammad Azad fallah; Amir abbas Shayghani akmal; Ali Abdolkhani
Abstract
This research was carried out with the aim of determining dielectric properties of bagasse unbleached soda pulp, long fiber kraft pulp and a mixture of both (20% kraft + 80% bagasse soda).The hand-sheets with 60 g/m2 basis weight were made after adjusting the freeness of pulps at levels of 200 ± ...
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This research was carried out with the aim of determining dielectric properties of bagasse unbleached soda pulp, long fiber kraft pulp and a mixture of both (20% kraft + 80% bagasse soda).The hand-sheets with 60 g/m2 basis weight were made after adjusting the freeness of pulps at levels of 200 ± 25 ml and 400± 25 ml and dried under mild condition around zero moisture content. Then the impregnation processes were carried out with mineral oil under vacuum at certain temperature. Finally the dielectric properties of impregnated papers including capacitance, insulation resistance, dielectric constant, and loss tangent were measured. The results showed that the refining give rise to enhance the dielectric properties in particular capacitance value. The dielectric properties of oil impregnated paper also increased. According to the preliminary results, unbleached soda bagasse pulp and its mixture with kraft pulp (20% Kraft -80% bagasse soda) found to be the suitable alternative with respect of dielectric applications for replacing kraft pulp, providing successful performance of the aging test.
Sabah Ashrafi birghani; Ahmadreza Sraeyan
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various concentrations of sodium hydroxide and treatment times on the properties of bagasse and Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids) cold soda pulp and paper. The cold soda pulp was prepared using various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (5, ...
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various concentrations of sodium hydroxide and treatment times on the properties of bagasse and Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids) cold soda pulp and paper. The cold soda pulp was prepared using various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (5, 10, 15% based on oven dry weight), different treatment times (20, 40, 60 min.), and constant liquor to wood ratio of 10:1 at 25 ºC and atmospheric pressure. The pulp prepared after 40 min treatment time was selected and refined to the freeness of 400 ml CSF. Analysis of the properties of hand sheets was conducted based on completely randomized design. Duncan multiple range grouping test was used to classify the properties of papers. The results indicated that, the yield of pulp obtained from Eastern cottonwoodand bagasse pulp varied between 86.54% to 94.52% and 70.65 to 87.32% respectively. The absorbed alkali was varied from 2.15% to 4.78 % for Eastern cottonwood and 3.06% to 6.80% for bagasse. Eastern cottonwood had the highest yield, thickness and strength properties whereas the highest absorbed alkali and paper density were observed in bagasse. It was observed that as the concentration of sodium hydroxide was increased from 5% to 15%, the yield of pulp and the thickness of paper decreased, while the absorbed alkali, density and the strength properties of paper increased. In general, the cold soda pulp from Eastern cottonwood provided higher quality compared with bagasse under the same pulping conditions.
Kamyar Salehi; Fardad Golbabaei; Saeed Mahdavi; Abas Fakhryan
Abstract
The characteristics of five common varieties of sugarcane cultivated in the southern Iran, including cp57-614, sp70-1143, cp69-106, cp48-103, and nco310 were evaluated. The characteristics measured were fiber dimension, papermaking coefficients, fiber yield, density and chemical component. cp69-106 revealed ...
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The characteristics of five common varieties of sugarcane cultivated in the southern Iran, including cp57-614, sp70-1143, cp69-106, cp48-103, and nco310 were evaluated. The characteristics measured were fiber dimension, papermaking coefficients, fiber yield, density and chemical component. cp69-106 revealed the longest fiber with the average length of 1.55 mm whereas cp57-614 had the shortest fiber with average length of 1.39 mm. The cp48-103 and cp69-106 were ranked as having the widest and narrowest fiber diameter as 25.38 and 20.42 micron respectively. The measurement of the density at 12% moisture content showed that sp70-1143 with 0.35g/cm-3 provide the highest value and the cp57-614 possessed the lowest density measured at 0.17g.cm-3. There existed statistically significant differences among other fiber characteristics and papermaking coefficients. In general, the result indicated that cp69-106 provides the optimal characteristics in comparison with the other varieties based on papermaking specifications.
Pulp and paper
Saeideh Sharifi; Ahmad reza Saraeyan; Hossein Resalati
Abstract
Preparation and pre-treatment of raw material influences the pulp production time and color elimination. Pulp consistency during the treatment also influences the color reaction. In the preparation of the APMP pulp, bagasse was pretreated by either boiling water, 1% NaOH as well as 1% NaOH + 1% ...
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Preparation and pre-treatment of raw material influences the pulp production time and color elimination. Pulp consistency during the treatment also influences the color reaction. In the preparation of the APMP pulp, bagasse was pretreated by either boiling water, 1% NaOH as well as 1% NaOH + 1% H2O2. The liquor to bagasse ratio, treatment time and temperature of alkaline peroxide treatment were constant as 10:1, 30 min, and 70 °C respectively. The treatment duration was determined so that at least five percent of the initial hydrogen peroxide remained at the end of chemical treatment. Characteristics of hand sheets were determined according to the TAPPI standard. The results showed that, the duration of the treatment for pulp consistency of 10, 15 and 20% was 50, 30 and 10 minute, for sample pretreated with boiling water and 290, 230 and 170 minute for the sample pretreated with 1% NaOH + 1% H2O2. The highest brightness of the paper reached with bagasse pretreated in boiling water at 20 % consistency.